Case: Chang v. US

1:02-cv-02010 | U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia

Filed Date: Oct. 15, 2002

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

On October 15, 2002, undergraduates and law students at Georgetown University who had been arrested at a protest in September 2002, filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sued the District of Columbia, the D.C. police department, the Fairfax, Virginia sheriff's department, and several individual police officers under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens. Represented by a private firm, the plaintiffs asked the court for injunctive and declaratory relief…

On October 15, 2002, undergraduates and law students at Georgetown University who had been arrested at a protest in September 2002, filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs sued the District of Columbia, the D.C. police department, the Fairfax, Virginia sheriff's department, and several individual police officers under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens. Represented by a private firm, the plaintiffs asked the court for injunctive and declaratory relief as well as for damages for the injuries that occurred when they were arrested. The plaintiffs claimed that the District of Columbia violated their rights under the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Specifically, the plaintiffs claimed that the ‘trap and arrest’ method of policing, where police surrounded people and arrested them without giving them an order to disperse, violated the plaintiffs’ due process rights while acting as student journalists and legal observers. They further claimed that the police had not warned them of their Miranda rights or their right to counsel and that they had been subjected to false arrest and false imprisonment.

Several other civil cases were filed at the same time as Chang v. United States. The most important of these was the Barham v. Ramsey class action suit. That lawsuit finally settled in 2015. The plaintiffs in Chang declined to join that class.

On January 15, 2008, Judge Emmet J. Sullivan ordered that the plaintiffs’ arrest records be expunged. On January 30, 2008, the case was stayed as the parties were ordered to engage in the mediation process. On January 7, 2009, the stay was lifted and the pre-trial proceedings continued. There was a great deal of contention over discovery; the plaintiffs filed multiple motions to compel the defendants to release information and two motions to impose sanctions on the defendants for discovery abuses. Judge Sullivan appointed Magistrate Judge John Facciola as Special Master on May 5, 2010, to determine if the defendants had engaged in the destruction of evidence in both this case and the Barham case.

On September 19, 2010, Judge Sullivan released an order granting the defendant’s motion for summary judgement on the plaintiff’s claims for equitable relief, saying that the plaintiffs did not have standing to ask for declaratory and injunctive relief. 738 F.Supp.2d 83. After this order, the trial went on only for damages. Contentious discovery continued until April 2012. After the completion of discovery, the proceedings before Magistrate Judge Facciola continued.

Judge Sullivan stayed the proceedings on December 24, 2013 and the parties returned to mediation on June 4, 2014. On November 4, 2014, Magistrate Judge Facciola released his Report and Recommendation of Law, denying all of the plaintiffs’ motions for sanctions. He called the loss of the evidence on the part of the District of Columbia negligent but not malicious, and denied the plaintiffs’ request for attorney fees. On December 30, 2015, the parties once more returned to mediation.

On April 7, 2016, the parties finally settled. The overall settlement amount was $2,810,000. The plaintiffs were awarded $110k each from the District of Columbia and $5000 each from the federal government; the plaintiffs’ attorneys were awarded $2.35 million to be paid by the District of Columbia.

Summary Authors

Kat Brausch (4/16/2016)

Related Cases

Barham v. Ramsey, District of Columbia (2002)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4201867/parties/chang-v-united-states-of-america/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Badami, Scott M. (Pennsylvania)

Attorney for Defendant

Becker, Leonard H. (District of Columbia)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Amato, Maria-Claudia T. (District of Columbia)

Anderson, Steven J. (District of Columbia)

Bennett, Robert Stephen (District of Columbia)

Judge(s)

Facciola, John M. (District of Columbia)

Kay, Alan (District of Columbia)

Sullivan, Emmet G. (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Becker, Leonard H. (District of Columbia)

Bensing, Daniel Edward (District of Columbia)

Bhattacharyya, Rupa (District of Columbia)

Blaha, Amber B. (District of Columbia)

Blanco, Caroline Meredith (District of Columbia)

Blecher, Matthew Robert (District of Columbia)

Blumberg, Peter D. (District of Columbia)

Bluming, Micah Ian (District of Columbia)

Bradford, Michelle Nicole (District of Columbia)

Braswell, Marina Utgoff (District of Columbia)

Browder, Rachel A. (District of Columbia)

Buckley, David W. (District of Columbia)

CALHOUN, CHARLES L (District of Columbia)

Causey, William F. (District of Columbia)

Copeland, Chad Wayne (District of Columbia)

Corn, Gary Philip-Matthew (District of Columbia)

Coughlin, Charles Joseph (District of Columbia)

Curry, Lauren Elizabeth (District of Columbia)

Desai, Vikas K. (District of Columbia)

Deso, Robert Edward (District of Columbia)

Donkor, Patricia B. (District of Columbia)

Edgar, William C. (District of Columbia)

Efros, Ellen A. (District of Columbia)

Faust, John Martin (District of Columbia)

Fitzgerald, Donna S. (District of Columbia)

Francuzenko, Alexander (Maryland)

Freeborne, Paul G. (District of Columbia)

Friday, Kimberly (District of Columbia)

Frost, Shana Lyn (District of Columbia)

Goitein, Elizabeth (District of Columbia)

Gostin, Kieran Gavin (District of Columbia)

Goulka, Jeremiah (District of Columbia)

Greene, Glenn Stewart (District of Columbia)

Haas, Alexander Kenneth (District of Columbia)

Hammond, Derek S. (District of Columbia)

Harvey, Gordon Michael (District of Columbia)

Heffernan, Brian F. (District of Columbia)

Johnson, Eric Uriol (District of Columbia)

Johnson, Michelle Nicole (District of Columbia)

Kantor, Jayme (District of Columbia)

Kennedy, Scott Patrick (District of Columbia)

Kern, Charles Douglas (District of Columbia)

Kim, Brian Gook-hyun (District of Columbia)

Latterell, Richard Allan (District of Columbia)

Lerner, Jacques P. (District of Columbia)

Lo, Michelle (District of Columbia)

Love, Richard Stuart (District of Columbia)

Lyons, Jane M. (District of Columbia)

Maier, Peter Rolf (District of Columbia)

Matini, Shana Lyn (District of Columbia)

McBarnette, Andrea (District of Columbia)

Modlinger, Alan Stuart (District of Columbia)

Montague, Richard (District of Columbia)

Montee, Amanda J. (District of Columbia)

Mullen, Martha J. (District of Columbia)

Natiello, Christian Alexander (District of Columbia)

Navaro, Ann D. (District of Columbia)

Nebeker, William Mark (District of Columbia)

O'Connell, Kevin J. (Maryland)

O'Connor, Daniel T. (District of Columbia)

Okereke, Christina (District of Columbia)

Oliphant, Bradley Howard (District of Columbia)

Parris, Lori S. (District of Columbia)

Pittman, Jonathan H. (District of Columbia)

Pressley, Monique Daniel (District of Columbia)

Rabinovitz, Joshua Z. (District of Columbia)

RIDER, CHRISTOPHER H. (District of Columbia)

Risner, Scott (District of Columbia)

Saltiel, Steven J. (District of Columbia)

Sandberg, Justin Michael (District of Columbia)

Shapiro, Elizabeth J. (District of Columbia)

Shellaway, Justin M. (District of Columbia)

Shine, Edith Margeurita (District of Columbia)

Siple, Adam Christopher (District of Columbia)

Smith, Peter S. (District of Columbia)

SWEET, JOEL M. (District of Columbia)

Taylor, Leah Brownlee (District of Columbia)

Truong, John Cuong (District of Columbia)

Tuohey, Mark Henry III (District of Columbia)

Turner, Serrin (District of Columbia)

Ullman, Susan K. (District of Columbia)

Utiger, Robert C. (District of Columbia)

Valerino, Gary J. (District of Columbia)

Wechsler, Peter T. (District of Columbia)

Wells, Carlotta Porter (District of Columbia)

Zimmerman, Jonathan Eli (District of Columbia)

show all people

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

1:02-cv-02010

Docket [PACER]

Chang v. United States

April 7, 2016

April 7, 2016

Docket
1

1:02-cv-02010

Complaint

Oct. 15, 2002

Oct. 15, 2002

Complaint

2002 WL 2002

42

1:02-cv-02010

Re: Abbate, et. al v. District of Columbia

Sept. 12, 2003

Sept. 12, 2003

Notice Letter
41

1:02-cv-02010

02-02283

02-02310

03-00767

Memorandum Opinion and Order

Sept. 12, 2003

Sept. 12, 2003

Order/Opinion

217 F.R.D. 217

67

1:02-cv-02010

Stipulation of Dismissal of Claims of Plaintiffs Franklin Jones, Erika Rusk, and Keri Rasmussen Pursuant Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(1)(ii)

Nov. 24, 2003

Nov. 24, 2003

Settlement Agreement
105

1:02-cv-02010

Stipulation of Dismissal with Prejudice of Claims of Plaintiffs Franklin Jones, Erika Lusk, and Keri Rasmussen Pursuant Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(1)(ii)

April 27, 2004

April 27, 2004

Settlement Agreement
126

1:02-cv-02010

Memorandum Opinion and Order (Denying that Defendants' Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings)

Sept. 17, 2004

Sept. 17, 2004

Order/Opinion

338 F.Supp.2d 338

133

1:02-cv-02010

Complaint (Amended- Third)

Chang v. United States of America

Feb. 7, 2005

Feb. 7, 2005

Complaint
144-1

1:02-cv-02010

Offer of Judgment Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 68

April 21, 2005

April 21, 2005

Settlement Agreement
147

1:02-cv-02010

Consent Order Dismissing Meghan Enright's Claims with Prejudice and Retaining Jurisdiction for Purpose of Enforcing Agreement

May 18, 2005

May 18, 2005

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4201867/chang-v-united-states-of-america/

Last updated Feb. 22, 2024, 3:03 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against all defendants ( Filing fee $150 ). Filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (td, ) (Entered: 10/16/2002)

Oct. 15, 2002

Oct. 15, 2002

RECAP
2

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA served on 10/15/2002, answer due 11/4/2002; METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA served on 10/15/2002, answer due 11/4/2002 (cdw, ) (Entered: 10/22/2002)

Oct. 18, 2002

Oct. 18, 2002

PACER
3

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to the US Attorney on 10/15/2002, answer due 12/16/2002 (cdw, ) (Entered: 10/22/2002)

Oct. 18, 2002

Oct. 18, 2002

PACER
6

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to NATIONAL PARK SERVICE served on 10/22/2002, answer due 12/23/2002. (cdw, ) (Entered: 10/30/2002)

Oct. 25, 2002

Oct. 25, 2002

PACER
7

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed on Attorney General on 10/16/02 (cdw, ) (Entered: 10/30/2002)

Oct. 25, 2002

Oct. 25, 2002

PACER
4

ATTORNEY APPEARANCE. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 10/29/2002)

Oct. 29, 2002

Oct. 29, 2002

PACER
5

NOTICE REGARDING TIME TO ANSWER by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 10/29/2002)

Oct. 29, 2002

Oct. 29, 2002

PACER
8

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 11/07/2002)

Nov. 7, 2002

Nov. 7, 2002

PACER
9

AMENDED COMPLAINT against all defendants, filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI .(td, ) (Entered: 12/09/2002)

Dec. 6, 2002

Dec. 6, 2002

RECAP
10

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 9 Amended Complaint by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order # 2 memorandum in support)(Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 12/13/2002)

Dec. 13, 2002

Dec. 13, 2002

PACER
11

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 12/15/2002)

Dec. 15, 2002

Dec. 15, 2002

PACER
12

NOTICE by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA re 1 Complaint related case (Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 01/03/2003)

Jan. 3, 2003

Jan. 3, 2003

PACER
13

MOTION to Dismiss by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Declaration of Stacy Anderson)(Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 01/16/2003)

Jan. 16, 2003

Jan. 16, 2003

PACER
14

MOTION to Dismiss Federal Defendants by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Richard Murphy# 2 News Articles 1999# 3 News Articles 2000# 4 Park Police Operations Plan# 5 General Orders# 6 Permits# 7 Permits (50 Years)# 8 News Articles (2002)# 9 Park Police Report)(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 01/17/2003)

Jan. 17, 2003

Jan. 17, 2003

PACER
15

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 13 MOTION to Dismiss, 14 MOTION to Dismiss Federal Defendants by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 01/23/2003)

Jan. 23, 2003

Jan. 23, 2003

PACER
16

ORDER directing defendants to file a Certificate of Service. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on January 28, 2003. (GK, ) (Entered: 01/28/2003)

Jan. 28, 2003

Jan. 28, 2003

PACER
17

NOTICE by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA re 16 Order Requiring Filing of Certificate of Service (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 01/29/2003)

Jan. 29, 2003

Jan. 29, 2003

PACER
18

ENTERED IN ERROR. . . .Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 13 MOTION to Dismiss, 14 MOTION to Dismiss Federal Defendants by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Schwartz, Daniel) Modified on 2/12/2003 (td, ). (Entered: 02/11/2003)

Feb. 11, 2003

Feb. 11, 2003

PACER
19

MOTION for Discovery Schedule (Expedited) and Stay the Time for Plaintiffs' Response to Motions to Dismiss by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 # 2 # 3)(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 02/11/2003)

Feb. 11, 2003

Feb. 11, 2003

PACER
20

Consent MOTION to Stay re 13 MOTION to Dismiss, 14 MOTION to Dismiss Federal Defendants by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 02/12/2003)

Feb. 12, 2003

Feb. 12, 2003

PACER
21

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 19 pltfs' motn to say response to motn to dismiss filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 02/19/2003)

Feb. 19, 2003

Feb. 19, 2003

PACER
22

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 19 MOTION for Discovery Schedule (Expedited) and Stay the Time for Plaintiffs' Response to Motions to Dismiss by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 02/24/2003)

Feb. 24, 2003

Feb. 24, 2003

PACER
23

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 19 MOTION for Discovery Schedule (Expedited) and Stay the Time for Plaintiffs' Response to Motions to Dismiss by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 02/26/2003)

Feb. 26, 2003

Feb. 26, 2003

PACER
24

REPLY in support of motion re 19 filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A-National Shopmen v. Folger)(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 02/26/2003)

Feb. 26, 2003

Feb. 26, 2003

PACER
25

ATTORNEY APPEARANCE. (Badami, Scott) (Entered: 02/26/2003)

Feb. 26, 2003

Feb. 26, 2003

PACER
26

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 19 filed by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 03/05/2003)

March 5, 2003

March 5, 2003

PACER
27

ORDER setting status conference and hearing on pending motion for expedited discovery on March 19, 2003 at 10:30 a.m. in Courtroom One. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on March 5, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 03/05/2003)

March 5, 2003

March 5, 2003

PACER
28

REPLY in support of motion re 19 filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Exhibit 1)(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 03/12/2003)

March 12, 2003

March 12, 2003

PACER
29

ORDER referring case to Magistrate Judge Kay for settlement discussions and setting forth instruction to counsel. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on March 19, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 03/19/2003)

March 19, 2003

March 19, 2003

PACER
30

RESPONSE to Discovery Request from Judge Sullivan's March 19, 2003 Order (Proposed Discovery Plan) by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI.(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 03/24/2003)

March 24, 2003

March 24, 2003

PACER
31

RESPONSE to any document plaintiffs' discovery plan filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 03/28/2003)

March 28, 2003

March 28, 2003

PACER
32

RESPONSE to any document Objections to Plaintiffs Proposed Discovery Plan filed by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 03/31/2003)

March 31, 2003

March 31, 2003

PACER
33

REPLY in Support of Plantiffs Proposed Discovery Plan by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Badami, Scott) (Entered: 04/02/2003)

April 2, 2003

April 2, 2003

PACER
34

MOTION for Leave to File supplemental memorandum in support of motion to dismiss for want of jurisdiction by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement supplemental memorandum in support of motion to dismiss)(Becker, Leonard) (Entered: 04/21/2003)

April 21, 2003

April 21, 2003

PACER
35

RESPONSE to the District Defendants' Motion for Leave to File a Supplemental Memorandum filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Badami, Scott) (Entered: 04/22/2003)

April 22, 2003

April 22, 2003

PACER
36

NOTICE by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI on Settlement Status (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 04/29/2003)

April 29, 2003

April 29, 2003

PACER
37

SCHEDULING ORDER: Status Conference set for 6/24/2003 11:00 AM in Courtroom 1 before Emmet G. Sullivan. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on May 23, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 05/23/2003)

May 23, 2003

May 23, 2003

PACER
38

SCHEDULING ORDER: Status Conference set for 7/9/2003 11:00 AM in Courtroom 1 before Emmet G. Sullivan. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on June 20, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 06/20/2003)

June 20, 2003

June 20, 2003

PACER
39

SCHEDULING ORDER: Motion Hearing set for 7/9/2003 at 11:00 a.m. is CONTINUED to 8/4/2003 at 10:00 AM in Courtroom 1 before Emmet G. Sullivan. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on July 8, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 07/08/2003)

July 8, 2003

July 8, 2003

PACER
40

ATTORNEY APPEARANCE. (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 09/05/2003)

Sept. 5, 2003

Sept. 5, 2003

RECAP
41

ORDER directing the Clerk of the Court to file documents. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on September 12, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 09/12/2003)

Sept. 12, 2003

Sept. 12, 2003

PACER
42

NOTICE of filing of Undated Final Report Relative to Complaints of Alleged Misconduct, Report Relative to Complaints of Alleged Misconduct and March 13, 2003 Memorandum by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (Attachments: # 1 # 2 # 3)(td, ) (Entered: 09/15/2003)

Sept. 12, 2003

Sept. 12, 2003

PACER
43

ORDER resolving pending motions for consolidation and class certification, setting forth instructions to counsel, and setting a hearing on pending motions for December 11, 2003 at 10:00 a.m.Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on September 19, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 09/24/2003)

Sept. 24, 2003

Sept. 24, 2003

PACER
44

AMENDED COMPLAINT (CONSOLIDATED) against all defendants, By All Plaintiffs(td, ) (Entered: 10/01/2003)

Sept. 25, 2003

Sept. 25, 2003

RECAP
45

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to FIle Dispositive Motion by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 10/09/2003)

Oct. 9, 2003

Oct. 9, 2003

PACER
46

MOTION to Dismiss by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 # 2 Text of Proposed Order)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 10/09/2003)

Oct. 9, 2003

Oct. 9, 2003

PACER
47

MOTION to Dismiss or in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit # 2 Exhibit # 3 Exhibit # 4 # 5 Exhibit)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 10/15/2003)

Oct. 15, 2003

Oct. 15, 2003

PACER
48

NOTICE by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA re 47 MOTION to Dismiss or in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit # 2 Exhibit # 3 # 4 Exhibit)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 10/15/2003)

Oct. 15, 2003

Oct. 15, 2003

PACER
49

NOTICE OF TRANSCRIPT FILED for dates 9/11/03; Court Reporter: Frank J. Rangus. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(td, ) (Entered: 10/22/2003)

Oct. 15, 2003

Oct. 15, 2003

RECAP
50

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 47 MOTION to Dismiss or in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment by National Park Service, United States of America by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 10/23/2003)

Oct. 23, 2003

Oct. 23, 2003

PACER
51

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 46 filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit #1 Washington Post# 2 Exhibit #2 AFX European Focus# 3 Exhibit #3 Washington Times)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 10/23/2003)

Oct. 23, 2003

Oct. 23, 2003

PACER
52

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. PETER J. NEWSHAM served on 10/8/2003, answer due 10/28/2003 Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 10/27/2003)

Oct. 27, 2003

Oct. 27, 2003

PACER
53

ERRATA To The Chang Plaintiffs' Opposition To The District Defendants' Motion To Dismiss by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 10/28/2003)

Oct. 28, 2003

Oct. 28, 2003

PACER
54

First MOTION to Dismiss by PETER J. NEWSHAM. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Deso, Robert) (Entered: 10/28/2003)

Oct. 28, 2003

Oct. 28, 2003

PACER
55

ORDER cancelling December 11, 2003, motions hearing and setting motions hearing for February 11, 2004, at 10:00 a.m.Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on October 31, 2003. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(lcegs2) (Entered: 10/31/2003)

Oct. 31, 2003

Oct. 31, 2003

PACER
56

MOTION for Discovery and To Stay the Time for Plaintiffs' Response to the Federal Defendants' Motion for Dismissal or Summary Judgment by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 10/31/2003)

Oct. 31, 2003

Oct. 31, 2003

RECAP
57

REPLY in support of motion re 46 For Partial Dismissal of Complaint by Defendants District of Columbia, Mayor Anthony A. Williams and Chief Charles H. Ramsey filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 11/06/2003)

Nov. 6, 2003

Nov. 6, 2003

PACER
58

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 54 Dismissal of the Complaint as it pertains to him (Peter J. Newsham) filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Badami, Scott) (Entered: 11/10/2003)

Nov. 10, 2003

Nov. 10, 2003

PACER
59

MOTION for Extension of Time to Respond to Chang Plaintiffs' Motion for Discovery by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 11/14/2003)

Nov. 14, 2003

Nov. 14, 2003

PACER
60

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 56 Chang Plaintiffs' Application For Discovery And To Stay The Time For Plaintiffs' Response To The Federal Defendants' Motion For Dismissal Or Summary Judgment filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Denying Chang Plaintiffs' Rule 56(f) Motion)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 11/14/2003)

Nov. 14, 2003

Nov. 14, 2003

PACER
61

NOTICE by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA of Filing Original Declaration (Attachments: # 1 Murphy Declaration)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 11/17/2003)

Nov. 17, 2003

Nov. 17, 2003

PACER
62

MOTION for Leave to File SUR-REPLY MEMORANDUM ADDRESSING NEW ISSUES RAISED IN DEFENDANTS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ANTHONY A. WILLIAMS, AND CHARLES H. RAMSEY'S REPLY MEMORANDUM by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 11/17/2003)

Nov. 17, 2003

Nov. 17, 2003

PACER
63

REPLY to opposition to motion re 54 to Dismiss Complaint filed by PETER J. NEWSHAM. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Deso, Robert) (Entered: 11/19/2003)

Nov. 19, 2003

Nov. 19, 2003

PACER
64

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 60 Memorandum in Opposition, and to the Opposition to be filed by the Federal Defendant's on November 21,2003 by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 11/20/2003)

Nov. 20, 2003

Nov. 20, 2003

PACER
65

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 56 Chang Plaintiffs' Motion for Discovery filed by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 11/21/2003)

Nov. 21, 2003

Nov. 21, 2003

PACER
66

MOTION to Consolidate Cases submitted by Defendants Chief Charles H. Ramsey and Mayor Anthony A. Williams, as well as by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Memorandum of Points and Authorities# 2 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Consolidating Cases for Discovery and Trial)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 11/24/2003)

Nov. 24, 2003

Nov. 24, 2003

PACER
67

STIPULATION of Dismissal of Claims and Action of Jones Plaintiffs by Jones Plaintiffs and by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, PETER J. NEWSHAM. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 11/24/2003)

Nov. 24, 2003

Nov. 24, 2003

PACER
68

ORDER denying without prejudice 46 Motion to Dismiss, denying without prejudice 47 Motion to Dismiss, denying without prejudice 54 Motion to Dismiss, denying as moot 56 Motion for Discovery, denying as moot 62 Motion for Leave to File Sur-Reply, denying as moot 64 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply, denying as moot 66 Motion to Consolidate Cases, and setting forth further instructions to counsel. A Status hearing is scheduled for April 6, 2004, at 10:00 a.m. in Courtroom One. Jones v. District of Columbia is dismissed without prejudice and removed from the active calendar of the Court. The cases are referred to Magistrate Judge Kay for the purpose of resolving discovery disputes. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on November 25, 2003. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(lcegs2) (Entered: 11/25/2003)

Nov. 25, 2003

Nov. 25, 2003

PACER
69

NOTICE by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Of Filing Of Proposed Order (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Staying Discovery As Against Defendants Having Asserted Qualified Immuntiy Defenses)Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/05/2003)

Dec. 5, 2003

Dec. 5, 2003

PACER
70

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer to Amended Answer by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 12/09/2003)

Dec. 9, 2003

Dec. 9, 2003

PACER
71

ANSWER to Amended Complaint (Second) By Mayor Anthony A. Williams, Chief Charles H. Ramsey and by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/09/2003)

Dec. 9, 2003

Dec. 9, 2003

PACER
72

TRANSCRIPT of Proceedings held on November 25, 2003 before Judge Emmet G. Sullivan. Court Reporter: Frank J. Rangus. Associated Cases: 1:02-cv-02010-EGS,1:02-cv-02310-EGS(cp, ) (Entered: 12/10/2003)

Dec. 9, 2003

Dec. 9, 2003

PACER
73

MOTION for Extension of Time to Accept Defendant's District of Columbia, Anthony A. Williams, Charles H. Ramsey and Peter J. Newsham's Offer of Judgement by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. Modified on 12/15/2003 (zbjsp, ). (Entered: 12/10/2003)

Dec. 10, 2003

Dec. 10, 2003

PACER
74

Proposed Pretrial Order Regarding Discovery Against the Defendants Who Assert Qualified Immunity In Their Individual Capacities by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 12/10/2003)

Dec. 10, 2003

Dec. 10, 2003

PACER
75

ENTERED IN ERROR.....NOTICE by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI re 73 MOTION for Extension of Time Modified on 12/11/2003 (zjeb, ). Modified on 12/15/2003 (zbjsp, ). Modified on 12/15/2003 (bjsp, ). (Entered: 12/11/2003)

Dec. 11, 2003

Dec. 11, 2003

PACER
80

MOTION to Withdraw 73 MOTION for Extension of Time to Accept Defendant's District of Columbia, Anthony A. Williams, Charles H. Ramsey and Peter J. Newsham's Offer of Judgement from the public record and submitted under seal by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (FILED UNDER SEAL). (cp, ) (Entered: 12/15/2003)

Dec. 11, 2003

Dec. 11, 2003

PACER
76

NOTICE by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Regarding Sealed Document (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/11/2003)

Dec. 11, 2003

Dec. 11, 2003

PACER
77

NOTICE of filing amended attachment by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE re 73 MOTION for Extension of Time (Burgess, Joe) Modified on 12/15/2003 (zbjsp, ). Modified on 12/15/2003 (bjsp, ). (Entered: 12/11/2003)

Dec. 11, 2003

Dec. 11, 2003

PACER
78

NOTICE by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI re 76 Notice (Other) regarding Filing of Sealed Document (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 12/12/2003)

Dec. 12, 2003

Dec. 12, 2003

PACER
83

Memorandum in opposition to defendant's emergency motion filed under seal, and MOTION to remove seal re 80 filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI (FILED UNDER SEAL). (cp, ) (Entered: 12/17/2003)

Dec. 12, 2003

Dec. 12, 2003

PACER
79

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Nebeker, William) (Entered: 12/12/2003)

Dec. 12, 2003

Dec. 12, 2003

PACER
81

ANSWER to Amended Complaint by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.(Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 12/16/2003)

Dec. 16, 2003

Dec. 16, 2003

PACER
84

ORDER granting 76 defendants motion filed under seal and opposition. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on 12/15/03.(filed under seal in room 1800) (zbjsp, ) Modified on 12/18/2003 (zbjsp, ). (Entered: 12/18/2003)

Dec. 16, 2003

Dec. 16, 2003

PACER
82

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 73 Extension Of Time To Accept Defendants District of Columbia, Anthony A. Williams, Charles H. Ramsey And Peter J. Newsham's Offer Of Judgment, filed by Mayor Williams and Chief Ramsey and filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/16/2003)

Dec. 16, 2003

Dec. 16, 2003

PACER
85

ORDER referring case to Magistrate Judge Kay.Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on December 19, 2003. (lcegs2) (Entered: 12/19/2003)

Dec. 19, 2003

Dec. 19, 2003

PACER
88

MOTION to Withdraw 73 Motion for Extension of time and 82 Memorandum in Opposition to plaintiff's Motion for Extension of time from the public record by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (FILED UNDER SEAL). (cp, ) (Entered: 12/22/2003)

Dec. 19, 2003

Dec. 19, 2003

PACER
86

NOTICE by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA of Filing Sealed Document (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/19/2003)

Dec. 19, 2003

Dec. 19, 2003

PACER
87

NOTICE by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI Regarding Filing of Sealed Document (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 12/22/2003)

Dec. 22, 2003

Dec. 22, 2003

PACER
91

ORDER by Magistrate Judge Alan Kay : granting District defendants' unopposed motion to place under seal the entirety of the materials reflected upon the Court's docket as entry 73 and entry 82; directing that the entirety of the materials reflected on the Court's docket as entry 73 and entry 82 be removed from the publicly accessible files and docket, and filed under seal. (kk) (Entered: 01/05/2004)

Dec. 29, 2003

Dec. 29, 2003

PACER
89

RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS' PROPOSED ORDER REGARDING DISCOVERY AGAINST THE DEFENDANTS WHO ASSERT QUALIFIED IMMUNITY IN THEIR INDIVIDUAL CAPACITIES filed by Defendants Cheif Charles H. Ramsey, Mayor Anthony A. Williams, and by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 12/31/2003)

Dec. 31, 2003

Dec. 31, 2003

PACER
90

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to Respond to Defendant District of Columbia's First Set of Requests for the Production of Documents and Tangible Things and First Set of Interrogatories by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 01/05/2004)

Jan. 5, 2004

Jan. 5, 2004

PACER
92

MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Memorandum of Points and Authorities# 2 Supplement Order Granting Motion)(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 01/09/2004)

Jan. 9, 2004

Jan. 9, 2004

PACER
93

Memorandum in opposition to motion re 92 Partial Judgment on the Pleadings filed by RAYMING CHANG, AMY CHASTAIN, YOUNG CHOI, MEAGHAN ENRIGHT, LEANNE LEE, ELIZABETH L. YOUNG, CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Report of Investigation, Sergeant J. McGuire# 2 Exhibit Washington Post Article 9.26.02# 3 Exhibit Washington Post Article 9.27.02)(Schwartz, Daniel) (Entered: 01/20/2004)

Jan. 20, 2004

Jan. 20, 2004

PACER
94

REPLY in support of motion re 92 for Judgment iOn The Pleadings filed by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 01/26/2004)

Jan. 26, 2004

Jan. 26, 2004

PACER
95

NOTICE by NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA of Withdrawal and Appearance (Weinstein, Laurie) (Entered: 01/28/2004)

Jan. 28, 2004

Jan. 28, 2004

PACER
96

ORDER setting forth instructions to counsel with regard to Motions Hearing on immunity claims, and rescheduling Motions Hearing for March 22, 2004 at 10:30 a.m. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on January 29, 2004. (lcegs2) (Entered: 01/29/2004)

Jan. 29, 2004

Jan. 29, 2004

PACER
97

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to Respond to Plaintiffs' First Set of Joint Requests for Production of Documents By Defendant Distrioct of Columbia by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order)(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 02/17/2004)

Feb. 17, 2004

Feb. 17, 2004

PACER
98

ORDER setting mediation for purpose of resolution of motion docketed at 73 . Mediation will be held at 10 am on Monday, March 29, 2004, in chambers - room 1130. Signed by Magistrate Judge Alan Kay on 02/23/04. (DM) (Entered: 02/23/2004)

Feb. 23, 2004

Feb. 23, 2004

PACER
99

MOTION for Extension of Time to Mator Williams to Respond to Plaintiffs' Requests for the Production of Documents by DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order)(Koger, Thomas) (Entered: 03/12/2004)

March 12, 2004

March 12, 2004

PACER
100

STIPULATION Regarding Federal Defendants' Discovery Responses by CHRISTOPHER ZARCONI. (Shine, Edith) (Entered: 03/15/2004)

March 15, 2004

March 15, 2004

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: District of Columbia

Case Type(s):

Policing

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: Oct. 15, 2002

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Multiple persons arrested in trap-and-arrest situations during peaceful protests.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

United States of America (District of Columbia), Federal

National Parks Service (District of Columbia), Federal

Metro Police Dept. of District of Columbia (Washington, D.C., District of Columbia), City

Fairfax County Sheriff's Department (Fairfax), County

District of Columbia (District of Columbia), State

Defendant Type(s):

Law-enforcement

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Ex Parte Young (Federal) or Bivens

Criminal Conspiracy to Violate Federal Rights, 18 U.S.C. § 241

42 U.S.C. § 1985

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process

Freedom of speech/association

Equal Protection

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Monetary Relief

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff

Nature of Relief:

Attorneys fees

Damages

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Private Settlement Agreement

Amount Defendant Pays: 2,810,000

Issues

Reproductive rights:

Fetus Identity

General:

Conditions of confinement

Restraints : physical

Policing:

False arrest

Jails, Prisons, Detention Centers, and Other Institutions:

Confinement/isolation