Resource: 6 Updated Questions to Elemental Knowledge of the Constitution and Government

By:

Papers of Sandy Ross

In the 1960s, literacy tests were used as a tool to prevent Black Americans and other minorities from voting, despite the fact that they were ostensibly designed to ensure an educated electorate. These tests, alongside other discriminatory practices like poll taxes, were implemented by southern states to disenfranchise Black citizens after Reconstruction. Literacy tests required applicants to demonstrate their reading and writing abilities, often through complex questions about the constitution or state laws. Registration officials had discretion in interpreting answers, which allowed for subjective and discriminatory enforcement.