Case: Montgomery v. Oakley Training School

04117 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi

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Case Summary

On December 4th, 1969 and January 2, 1970, the Judge Dan M. Russell Jr. of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi entered two orders adopting desegregation plans for two juvenile reform schools. These orders desegregated two juvenile reform schools: Oakley Training School, which housed Black students, and Columbia Training School, which housed white students. The desegregation plan prohibited the assignment of children to the training school based on race. Further, the…

On December 4th, 1969 and January 2, 1970, the Judge Dan M. Russell Jr. of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi entered two orders adopting desegregation plans for two juvenile reform schools. These orders desegregated two juvenile reform schools: Oakley Training School, which housed Black students, and Columbia Training School, which housed white students. The desegregation plan prohibited the assignment of children to the training school based on race. Further, the plan stated that boys of any race aged 15 and older shall go to Oakley Training School, while girls and boys 15 and younger shall go to Columbia Training School.

The appellants moved for summary reversal, arguing that the plan was deficient for four reasons: 

  • Failure to transfer to integrated institutions those children assigned on a segregation basis before the implementation  
  • Failure to require faculty integration
  • Failure to require reporting to the district court
  • Failure to mandate integration of dormitories, classrooms, and activities

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the plan and part and reversed the plan in part. The court rejected the assertion that the plan was deficient for failing to require the transfer of children already assigned to a school, finding that it does not make sense to move the children given that most will graduate by the end of the year. Further, the court stated that they were concerned that transferring children may interfere with the rehabilitation process. 

However, the court agreed that the plan was insufficient for failing to require reporting, faculty integration, and the integration of all facilities and activities. Thus, the court remanded the case to the District Court with specific instructions. The instructions required the District Court to require full integration of classrooms, dorms, athletics, and all activities and services; full integration of faculty, without waiting for vacancies to naturally open up; and periodic reports to the court until the court is satisfied that the schools are fully integrated. 426 F.2d 269 (1970). 

Summary Authors

Clara Swetnam-Burland (4/4/2026)

People


Judge(s)

Clark, Charles (Mississippi)

Ingraham, Joe McDonald (Texas)

Thornberry, William Homer (Texas)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

70-29347

Opinion

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

May 6, 1970

May 6, 1970

Order/Opinion

426 F.2d 260

70-29347

[USCA Opinion Affirming in Part and Reversing in Part]

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

May 6, 1970

May 6, 1970

Order/Opinion

426 F.2d 269

Docket

Last updated March 15, 2024, 3:04 a.m.

Docket sheet not available via the Clearinghouse.

Case Details

State / Territory:

Mississippi

Case Type(s):

School Desegregation

Special Collection(s):

Civil Rights Division Archival Collection

Key Dates

Closing Date: 1970

Case Ongoing: No reason to think so

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

A youth resident of the training school

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

U.S. Dept. of Justice Civil Rights Division

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Unknown

Class Action Outcome: Unknown

Defendants

State

Oakley Training School

Defendant Type(s):

Elementary/Secondary School

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Title IV, Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000c et seq.

Other Dockets:

Southern District of Mississippi 04117

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 70-29347

Available Documents:

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Sought:

Injunction

Relief Granted:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Source of Relief:

Litigation

Content of Injunction:

Discrimination Prohibition

Reporting

Student assignment

Issues

General/Misc.:

Racial segregation

Discrimination Basis:

Race discrimination

Affected Race(s):

Black

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