Case: Mark A. v. Wilson

2:98-cv-00041 | U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California

Filed Date: Jan. 8, 1998

Closed Date: Nov. 2, 1999

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This action involving California's Adoption Assistance Program was filed against the State of California on January 8, 1998, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California. The plaintiffs, children who are or will be in foster care, were represented by Youth Law Center; they sought declaratory and injunctive relief pursuant to the Due Process Clause and the federal Adoption Assistance Program, claiming that the defendant's policies and actions violated their rights.The compla…

This action involving California's Adoption Assistance Program was filed against the State of California on January 8, 1998, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California. The plaintiffs, children who are or will be in foster care, were represented by Youth Law Center; they sought declaratory and injunctive relief pursuant to the Due Process Clause and the federal Adoption Assistance Program, claiming that the defendant's policies and actions violated their rights.

The complaint alleged that the State's policy of using a means test (which considers the statewide median income to determine whether a child is eligible for an Adoption Assistance payment) on the adoptive family arbitrarily and unilaterally reduced such payments based on the adoptive parents' income, and that the state violated federal law by imposing unlawful restrictions on the availability of funds that support families adopting foster children.

According to information on the plaintiff's website, the State filed a complaint to join the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as a third-party defendant on February 20, 1998. HHS responded to the parties' cross motions for summary judgment by stating that the means test used by the state was prohibited by federal statute.

On September 17, 1999, the parties agreed upon a Stipulated Judgment. The Stipulated Judgment stated that the state agrees:

  • to cease the usage of the means test (including the use of statewide median income to determine payment amounts)

  • to cease reducing payments without the agreement of adoptive parents based on the adoptive parents' income or for any reason other than the child's ineligibility because of age

  • to cease informing prospective adoptive families that eligibility for adoption assistance is based on the income and financial resources of the adoptive parents

  • that the amount of an adoption assistance cash benefit will be negotiated based on the child's needs and the family's circumstances (the family's ability to incorporate the child in to the household in relation to its standard of living and future plans)

  • that once an AAP agreement has been signed, the adoptive parents will continue to receive benefits unless the department determines otherwise, the adoptive parents demonstrate a need for an increased (or decreased) payment, the adoptive parents voluntarily reduce or terminate payments, or the adopted child has an extraordinary need not anticipated at the time the amount was originally negotiated

  • that the state pay attorneys' fees and costs.

On November 1, 1999, the court signed off on the Stipulated Judgment.

Summary Authors

Alice Liu (10/25/2012)

People


Judge(s)

Drozd, Dale Alan (California)

Karlton, Lawrence K. (California)

Attorney for Plaintiff
Attorney for Defendant

Furtek, Frank S. (California)

Jeandheur, Carole (District of Columbia)

Lieber, Sheila M. (District of Columbia)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

2:98-cv-00041

Docket [PACER]

A v. Wilson

Nov. 2, 1999

Nov. 2, 1999

Docket
105

2:98-cv-00041

Stipulated Judgment

A. v. Wilson

Sept. 17, 1999

Sept. 17, 1999

Order/Opinion

Resources

Docket

Last updated March 23, 2025, 9:25 a.m.

ECF Number Date Description Link
1 Jan. 8, 1998

COMPLAINT for civil rights, fee status paid, receipt # 182758, assigned to Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton referred to Magistrate Judge Dale A. Drozd (old) (Entered: 01/09/1998)

PACER
2 Jan. 8, 1998

MEMORANDUM by plaintiff in support of motion to proceed in pseudonym [0−0] (old) (Entered: 01/09/1998)

PACER
3 Jan. 8, 1998

ORDER setting scheduling conference for 1:30pm on 5/26/98 before Honorable Lawrence K Karlton (cc: all counsel) (old) (Entered: 01/09/1998)

PACER
Jan. 8, 1998

LODGED Motion to prceed in pseudonym by plaintiff (old) (Entered: 01/09/1998)

PACER
Jan. 8, 1998

LODGED Motion for appointment of guardian ad litem by plaintiff (old) (Entered: 01/09/1998)

PACER
4 Jan. 12, 1998

PROOF OF SERVICE by plaintiff of [3−1], [2−1], [0−0], [0−0], [1−1] (old) (Entered: 01/13/1998)

PACER
5 Jan. 15, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING: That Alice Bussiere is appointed Guardian ad Litem for each plaintiff; plaintiff's motion to proceed in pseudonym is Granted (cc: all counsel) (old) (Entered: 01/15/1998)

PACER
Jan. 15, 1998

LODGED Document lodged [0−0] VACATED (Motion for appointment of guardian ad litem) (old) (Entered: 01/15/1998)

PACER
6 Feb. 11, 1998

MOTION to dismiss case by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social motion TO BE HEARD by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton 10:00 3/23/98 (kdc) (Entered: 02/12/1998)

PACER
7 Feb. 11, 1998

ANSWER by defendants (kdc) (Entered: 02/12/1998)

PACER
Feb. 11, 1998

LODGED order dismissing parties (old) (Entered: 02/13/1998)

PACER
8 Feb. 13, 1998

MEMORANDUM by defendant Pete Wilson in support of state defendants' motion to dismiss [6−1] (old) (Entered: 02/13/1998)

PACER
9 Feb. 20, 1998

THIRD−PARTY COMPLAINT by Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson and CA Dept of Social naming Donna E Shalala as third party dft (dd) (Entered: 02/24/1998)

PACER
10 Feb. 20, 1998

REMARK: Summons issued as to third party dft Shalala (dd) (Entered: 02/24/1998)

PACER
11 March 9, 1998

MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION by plaintiffs to motion to dismiss case by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social [6−1] (old) (Entered: 03/09/1998)

PACER
12 March 16, 1998

REPLY BRIEF by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, and CA Dept of Social in support of [6−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
13 March 16, 1998

DECLARATION of Kelly E Le Bel in support of [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
14 March 16, 1998

DECLARATION of Michael Waterhouse in support of [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
15 March 16, 1998

DECLARATION of Marcella Chiavetta in support of [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
16 March 16, 1998

DECLARATION of Carolyn O'Neal in support of [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
18 March 16, 1998

DECLARATION of Barbara Matthews in support of [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
19 March 17, 1998

PROOF OF SERVICE by Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social of [18−1], [17−1], [16−1], [15−1], [14−1], [13−1], [12−1] (old) (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
March 17, 1998

Text not available. (Entered: 03/18/1998)

PACER
20 March 19, 1998

PROOF OF SERVICE by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social of Pretrial Scheduling Order [3−1], Counsel Identification Notice, Consent to Magistrate and Appeal Option, Notice of ENE (old) (Entered: 03/20/1998)

PACER
21 March 20, 1998

NOTICE by defendant Pete Wilson, Dept of Social Services regarding original signature page of the declaration of Carolyn O'Neal [16−1] (old) (Entered: 03/23/1998)

PACER
23 March 23, 1998

MINUTES before Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton: motion to dismiss case by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social Services [6−1] SUBMITTED; C/R Cathie Bodene (dd) (Entered: 03/25/1998)

PACER
22 March 25, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING motion to dismiss case by defendants Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social [6−1] DENIED without prejudice to renewal; not later than 20 days from the date of this order; pltfs are directed to show cause why Ms Bussiere satisfies the standards for appointment as Guardian ad Litem or to indicate to the court that pltfs will substitute an appropriate Guardian ad Litem as soon as is practicable (cc: all counsel) (ch) (Entered: 03/25/1998)

PACER
March 25, 1998

LODGED proposed order re dismissal of complaint with respect to pltfs NOT USED (dd) (Entered: 03/25/1998)

PACER
24 March 26, 1998

AFFIDAVIT of Nina A in opposition to dfts' motion to dismiss Mark A and Zachary A (dd) (Entered: 03/30/1998)

PACER
25 March 26, 1998

AFFIDAVIT of Maria Ramiu in support of filing post−hearing affidavit in opposition to dfts' motion to dismiss (dd) (Entered: 03/30/1998)

PACER
26 March 27, 1998

RETURN OF SERVICE executed on 3/24/98 (old) (Entered: 03/31/1998)

PACER
27 April 10, 1998

SUPPLMENTAL ANSWER to the complaint after ruling on 12(b) Motion by defendants (ndd) (Entered: 04/13/1998)

PACER
28 April 14, 1998

RESPONSE by plaintiff to order to show cause why Guardian Ad Litem is appropriate (ch) (Entered: 04/14/1998)

PACER
29 April 22, 1998

RESPONSE by dft Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson, CA Dept of Social re guardian ad litem [28−1] (ljr) (Entered: 04/23/1998)

PACER
April 22, 1998

LODGED unopposed motion for extension of time to 5/15/98 to respond the the third party complaint by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala (old) (Entered: 04/22/1998)

PACER
April 22, 1998

LODGED unopposed motion for extension of time and proposed order by defendant (ch) (Entered: 04/22/1998)

PACER
30 April 28, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that dft Shalala shall have up to and including 5/15/98 to file her response to the third party complaint (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 04/28/1998)

PACER
31 May 7, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING the OSC id DISCHARGED and the order filed 1/15/98 appointing Ms Bussiere as guardian ad litem is CONFIRMED [5−1] (cc: all counsel) (ljr) (Entered: 05/07/1998)

PACER
32 May 11, 1998

LETTER to court from counsel Robin Bishop advising court of correct address (kdc) (Entered: 05/13/1998)

PACER
34 May 15, 1998

ANSWER by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala (kdc) (Entered: 05/18/1998)

PACER
35 May 15, 1998

PRETRIAL SCHEDULING CONFERENCE STATUS REPORT by plaintiffs (kdc) (Entered: 05/18/1998)

PACER
May 19, 1998

LODGED request for attorney substitution by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala (kdc) (Entered: 05/20/1998)

PACER
36 May 20, 1998

TRANSCRIPT of 3/23/98 hearing on motion to dismiss by C/R Cathie Bodene (old) (Entered: 05/22/1998)

PACER
37 May 22, 1998

Third party dft's STATUS REPORT by Donna E Shalala (ndd) (Entered: 05/26/1998)

PACER
38 May 26, 1998

MINUTES of Status Conference before Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton scheduling conference held on 5/26/98 pretrial conference set for 1:30 8/30/99; jury trial set for 10:00 11/2/99 ; court order to follow (ndd) (Entered: 05/27/1998)

PACER
39 May 28, 1998

PRE TRIAL SCHEDULING ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING pretrial conference set for 1:30 8/30/99; trial set for 10:00 11/2/99; jury trial held on 5/28/98; motion filing ddl set for 5/26/99; discovery ddl set for 3/26/99 (cc: all counsel) (old) (Entered: 05/28/1998)

PACER
40 June 1, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING withdrawing attorney Sheila M Lieber for Donna E Shalala and substituting attorney Carole Jeandheur (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 06/01/1998)

PACER
June 25, 1998

LODGED Motion for appointment of Guardian Ad Litem for pltf Megan F; Bonita G; Barbara G and Nathan H by plaintiff (ch) (Entered: 06/29/1998)

PACER
June 25, 1998

LODGED first amended complaint by plaintiff (ch) (Entered: 06/29/1998)

PACER
41 July 6, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that John F be appointed Guardian Ad Litem for Megan F, Sylvia H be appointed for Nathan H, and Alice Bussiere be appointed for Bonita and Barbara G (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 07/06/1998)

PACER
42 July 6, 1998

FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT [1−1] by plts Mark A, Zachary A, Rick B, Kristie B, John B, Charles D, Jimmy C (ndd) (Entered: 07/06/1998)

PACER
43 July 6, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING the complaint [42−1] is approved as filed (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 07/06/1998)

PACER
44 July 17, 1998

ANSWER to first amended complaint by dfts Pete Wilson, Eloise Anderson &CA Dept of Social (old) (Entered: 07/20/1998)

PACER
45 Aug. 25, 1998

MOTION to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala (as) (Entered: 08/25/1998)

PACER
46 Aug. 25, 1998

MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala in support of motion to dismiss [45−1] (as) (Entered: 08/25/1998)

PACER
Aug. 25, 1998

LODGED order by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala (as) (Entered: 08/25/1998)

PACER
47 Sept. 4, 1998

NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION to dismiss by third−party defendant Motion Hearing Set for 11/2/98 at 10:00 (ch) (Entered: 09/08/1998)

PACER
Sept. 9, 1998

LODGED Document VACATED filed on 8/25/98 (kdc) (Entered: 09/09/1998)

PACER
48 Oct. 6, 1998

AMENDED NOTICE of Hearing by third−party defendant Shalala on motion to dismiss [47−1] HEARING SET FOR 10:00 11/23/98 () (ndd) (Entered: 10/07/1998)

PACER
49 Oct. 23, 1998

MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES in support of plts' Motion for certification of class (ndd) (Entered: 10/26/1998)

PACER
51 Oct. 23, 1998

DECLARATION of Carole Shauffer in support of plts' motion for class certification (ndd) (Entered: 10/26/1998)

PACER
52 Oct. 23, 1998

DECLARATION of Maria Ramiu in support of plts' motion for class certification (ndd) (Entered: 10/26/1998)

PACER
53 Oct. 28, 1998

NOTICE by Mark A, Zachary A, Rick B, Kristie B, John B, Charles D regarding motion for class certification (pb) (Entered: 10/29/1998)

PACER
54 Nov. 2, 1998

Plts' Statement of Non−Oppositioin to third party motion to dismiss [47−1] (ndd) (Entered: 11/03/1998)

PACER
55 Nov. 5, 1998

Dfts' and third party pltfs' opposition to motion to dismiss by third−party defendant [47−1], to motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala [45−1] (as) (Entered: 11/06/1998)

PACER
56 Nov. 16, 1998

RESPONSE by third−party defendant Donna E Shalala in support to motion to dismiss by third−party defendant [47−1] (pb) (Entered: 11/17/1998)

PACER
59 Nov. 17, 1998

MINUTES of dft's motion to dismiss before Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton: briefs to be filed by state and Federal 30 days, state reply 15 days later, hearing on motion to dismiss continued to 3/22/99; the hearing 12/14/98 hering on class certification is stayed; C/R C Bodene (ndd) (Entered: 11/23/1998)

PACER
57 Nov. 19, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that the oral argument on the motion [47−1] is scheduled for 10:00 11/23/98; in addition to the arguments addressed in the parties' briefs, the court hereby ORDERS the parties to address at oral argument the question of whether Health and Human Services is a necessary party under FRCP 19 (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 11/19/1998)

PACER
58 Nov. 23, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that dfts shall submit a brief 30 days from the date of this order; plts and the federal gov't shall submit their briefs 30 days thereafter; dfts may close 10 days thereafter; further oral argument SET FOR 10:00 3/22/98; the court also continue oral argument on plts' motion for class certification to 3/22/98 (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 11/23/1998)

PACER
60 Dec. 2, 1998

LETTER to court from counsel for dfts requesting the court's order [58−1] be revised to conform the oral order at the hearing (ndd) (Entered: 12/02/1998)

PACER
61 Dec. 9, 1998

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that upon dfts' request [60−1], dfts shall have 15 days after plts' deadline to file an opposition brief in which to file their closing brief (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 12/09/1998)

PACER
62 Dec. 24, 1998

DFTS/THIRD PARTY PLTS' MEMORANDUM re Federal Rule 19 (ndd) (Entered: 12/24/1998)

PACER
63 Jan. 22, 1999

PLT'S MEMORANDUM re Federal Rule 19 (ndd) (Entered: 01/25/1999)

PACER
64 Jan. 22, 1999

Third Party dft's OPPOSITION to 3rdpty plts' Memorandum re Federal Rule 19 [62−1] (ndd) (Entered: 01/25/1999)

PACER
65 Feb. 5, 1999

DFTS/3dplt CLOSING Memorandum regarding Federal Rule 19 [62−1] (ndd) (Entered: 02/08/1999)

PACER
66 March 5, 1999

Memorandum of points and authorities by dfts and third−party plaintiffs in opposition to pltfs' motion to certify class (as) (Entered: 03/08/1999)

PACER
67 March 5, 1999

DECLARATION of John Mannings in support of opposition to pltfs' motion to certify class [66−1] (as) (Entered: 03/08/1999)

PACER
68 March 5, 1999

DECLARATION of Bergen Filgas in support of opposition to pltfs' motion to certify class [66−1] (as) (Entered: 03/08/1999)

PACER
69 March 5, 1999

DECLARATION of Karen Morones in support of opposition to pltfs' motion to certify class [66−1] (as) (Entered: 03/08/1999)

PACER
71 March 5, 1999

DECLARATION of Barbara Eaton in support of opposition to pltfs' motion to certify class [66−1] (as) (Entered: 03/08/1999)

PACER
72 March 12, 1999

DFTS' MID−LITIGATION STATEMENT (ndd) (Entered: 03/15/1999)

PACER
73 March 15, 1999

PLTS' REPLY to dfts' opposition to plts' motion to certify class (ndd) (Entered: 03/16/1999)

PACER
74 March 18, 1999

Plts' Mid−Litigatioin STATEMENT (ndd) (Entered: 03/19/1999)

PACER
75 March 22, 1999

MINUTES of plt's motion for class certification and Rule 19 Oral Argument before Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton: motion submitted; C/R C Boden (ndd) (Entered: 03/23/1999)

PACER
76 April 13, 1999

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING motion to dismiss by third−party defendant [47−1] DENIED (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 04/13/1999)

PACER
77 April 23, 1999

NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION for summary judgment by dfts Eloise Anderson, Pete Wilson ; Memorandum of Points and Authorities in support; motion TO BE HEARD by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ; Motion Hearing Set For 5/24/99 (ndd) Modified on 04/26/1999 (Entered: 04/26/1999)

PACER
78 April 23, 1999

DFTS 'STATEMENT of Undisputed Facts in support of Motion for summary judgment [77−1] (ndd) (Entered: 04/26/1999)

PACER
79 April 23, 1999

DECLARATION of Maria Barriga in support of dfts' Motion for summary judgment [77−1] (ndd) (Entered: 04/26/1999)

PACER
80 April 26, 1999

PROOF OF SERVICE by defendants of [79−1] (ndd) (Entered: 04/27/1999)

PACER
81 April 26, 1999

NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION for summary adjudication by plaintiffs motion TO BE HEARD by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ; Motion Hearing For 5/24/99 10:00am (ndd) (Entered: 04/27/1999)

PACER
82 April 26, 1999

MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES in support of plts' Motion for summary adjudication [81−1] (ndd) (Entered: 04/27/1999)

PACER
83 April 26, 1999

STATEMENT of Undisputed Facts in support of plts' Motion for summary adjudication [81−1] (ndd) (Entered: 04/27/1999)

PACER
84 May 7, 1999

OPPOSITION by defendants to motion for summary adjudication by plaintiffs [81−1] (ndd) (Entered: 05/10/1999)

PACER
85 May 7, 1999

RESPONSE by defendants to plts' Statement of Undisputed Facts [83−1] (ndd) (Entered: 05/10/1999)

PACER
86 May 7, 1999

SUPPLEMENTAL DECLARATION of Maria Barriga in support of Opposition to plts' motion for summary adjudication [84−1] (ndd) (Entered: 05/10/1999)

PACER
87 May 10, 1999

UNOPPOSED MOTION for continuance by 3dft Donna E Shalala motion TO BE HEARD by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton (ndd) (Entered: 05/11/1999)

PACER
89 May 10, 1999

LETTER to court from counsel Carole Jeandheur re third−party dft's unopposed request for additional time to respond to pltfs' and dfts' cross−motions for summary judgment (dd) (Entered: 05/11/1999)

PACER
May 10, 1999

LODGED proposed order re continuance to file response to pltfs' and dfts' cross−motions for summary judgment (dd) (Entered: 05/11/1999)

PACER
May 10, 1999

LODGED Document Proposed order granting dft's Unopposed Motion for Continuance lodged [0−0] VACATED; not to be signed (ndd) (Entered: 05/12/1999)

PACER
88 May 11, 1999

ORDER by Honorable Lawrence K. Karlton ORDERING that the court continues hearing on the cross−motions [81−1][77−1] to 8/16/99 10:00am; all oppositions to the motions are due no later than 7/12/99; replies are due 7/26/99; the court modifies the scheduling order by extending the law and motion cut−off date to 8/16/99 ; the Pretrial Conference previously set for 8/30/99 is VACATED (cc: all counsel) (ndd) (Entered: 05/11/1999)

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory:

California

Case Type(s):

Child Welfare

Key Dates

Filing Date: Jan. 8, 1998

Closing Date: Nov. 2, 1999

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiffs are foster and adopted children eligible for California's Adoption Assistance Program.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

Youth Law Center

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Denied

Defendants

State

California Department of Social Services

Defendant Type(s):

Hospital/Health Department

Jurisdiction-wide

Facility Type(s):

Government-run

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (AACWA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 620 et seq.

Adoption Assistance Program, 42 U.S.C. §§ 670 et seq.

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process

Other Dockets:

Eastern District of California 2:98-cv-00041

Available Documents:

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Granted:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Court Approved Settlement or Consent Decree

Order Duration: 1998 - 1999

Issues

General/Misc.:

Adoption

Foster care (benefits, training)

Funding

Juveniles

Payment for care

Public benefits (includes, e.g., in-state tuition, govt. jobs)

Benefits (Source):

Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act

Affected Sex/Gender(s):

Female

Male

Recommended Citation