Case: Pargo v. Elliott

4:92-cv-20781 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa

Filed Date: Nov. 19, 1992

Closed Date: Oct. 7, 1996

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Case Summary

On November 19, 1992, women incarcerated at Iowa Correctional Institute for Women (“ICIW”) filed this class-action lawsuit in the Southern District of Iowa. Represented by Legal Services of Iowa, the plaintiffs (suing on behalf of a class of all women at ICIW) sued Iowa Department of Corrections officials under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging that the defendants violated the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause by maintaining policies, programs, and facilities that were not “substantially equ…

The plaintiffs alleged that women were unconstitutionally treated in comparison with their male counterparts: women prisoners were classified in a different manner, lived in more confined housing, had fewer furlough and off-ground work opportunities, enjoyed less library time and yard privileges, participated in different substance abuse programs, and saw visitors in more restrictive settings. A six-day trial was held in March and April 1994. The plaintiffs argued that, since the classification differences were based on sex discrimination, they should be subject to traditional heightened scrutiny requiring that the classification be substantially related to an important governmental interest.

The district court found in favor of the defendants on September 23, 1994 in an opinion written by Judge Bremer. Pargo v. Elliott, 894 F. Supp. 1239 (S.D. Iowa 1994). Instead of the traditional equal protection analysis sought by the plaintiffs, the court applied a deferential standard laid out in Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 84 (1987). Under the Turner standard, the court afforded “great deference to the prison officials’ discrimination.” Judge Bremer found that ICIW female prisoners were not similarly situated to male inmates in Iowa because of ICIW’s small population. Additionally, although there were differences in the programming between the men’s and women’s prisons, Judge Bremer found that the plaintiffs failed to establish a discriminatory animus for the difference.

The plaintiffs appealed to the Eighth Circuit. There, the court found that the district court did not provide sufficient factual findings upon which to review the legal standards applied to the discrimination. Pargo v. Elliott, 69 F.3d 280 (8th Cir. 1995). Judge Diana Murphy wrote the opinion and noted that the deferential Turner standard is not always applicable, but could not determine whether it should be applied in the case at bar due to the insufficient record. After examining the transcript and discussing the record with both parties, the Eighth Circuit remanded the case to the district court to make detailed factual findings and formulate conclusions based on such findings.

Upon remand, the district court greatly expanded on its factual findings, but still found in favor of the defendants on July 14, 1995. Pargo v. Elliott, 894 F. Supp. 1243 (S.D. Iowa 1995). Judge Bremer again wrote the opinion. The court considered population, average security levels, types of crimes, and average length of sentence as key factors in determining that ICIW’s female prisoners were not similarly situated to male prisoners in other Iowa state prisons. ICIW held fewer prisoners for shorter sentences, and the female prisoners there were not grouped in as large or as divided of classifications as male prisoners.

Although the groups were not sufficiently similarly situated for purposes of an equal protection analysis, the court proceeded to consider whether the differential treatment had a rational basis to a legitimate state interest. Judge Bremer determined that the challenged discrimination should not be subject to heightened scrutiny because the plaintiffs did not establish that the policies were motivated by discriminatory intent.The court did not find any indications of invidious discrimination, but rather any differences between male and female state prisons were rationally related to legitimate penological interests.

The plaintiffs again appealed the district court’s decision to the Eighth Circuit. On November 8, 1995, the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision. Pargo v. Elliott, 69 F.3d 280 (8th Cir. 1995). After the Supreme Court denied certiorari in October 1996, the case closed. 519 U.S. 831 (1996).

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Summary Authors

Justin Hill (6/8/2020)

People

Judge(s)

Arnold, Richard Sheppard (Arkansas)

Bremer, Celeste F. (Iowa)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Frerichs, Thomas (Iowa)

Gosnell, Emily L (Iowa)

Attorney for Defendant

Ensign, Kristin W. (Iowa)

Judge(s)

Arnold, Richard Sheppard (Arkansas)

Bremer, Celeste F. (Iowa)

Murphy, Diana E. (Minnesota)

Piester, David L. (Nebraska)

Ross, Donald Roe (Nebraska)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Frerichs, Thomas (Iowa)

Gosnell, Emily L (Iowa)

Louisell, Yvette M (Iowa)

Attorney for Defendant

Ensign, Kristin W. (Iowa)

Lindebak, Layne M. (Iowa)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

	Document
4:92-cv-20781	Docket [PACER]	July 23, 1999	July 23, 1999 Docket
140 4:92-cv-20781	Opinion and Judgment Pargo v. Elliot	Sept. 23, 1994	Sept. 23, 1994 Order/Opinion 894 F.Supp. 894
18 94-03399	Opinion Pargo v. Elliot U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit	March 15, 1995	March 15, 1995 Order/Opinion 49 F.3d 49
151 4:92-cv-20781	Opinion on Remand Pargo v. Elliot	July 14, 1995	July 14, 1995 Order/Opinion 894 F.Supp. 894
32 94-03399	Opinion Pargo v. Elliot U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit	Nov. 8, 1995	Nov. 8, 1995 Order/Opinion 69 F.3d 69
95-08906	Opinion Pargo v. Elliot Supreme Court of the United States	Oct. 7, 1996	Oct. 7, 1996 Order/Opinion 519 U.S. 519

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Docket

Last updated March 27, 2024, 3:14 a.m.

ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
	FILING FEE PAID: on 11/19/92 in the amount of $ 120.00, receipt # 39210. (rh) (Entered: 11/19/1992)	Nov. 19, 1992	Nov. 19, 1992
1	COMPLAINT IN EQUITY (Summons(es) issued) ; Scheduling Report/Order due 4/18/93 ; Dismissal ddl (service) set for 3/25/93 (rh) (Entered: 11/19/1992)	Nov. 19, 1992	Nov. 19, 1992
2	RETURN OF SERVICE of summons and complaint, executed upon defendant Joni Keith, defendant Harold McCormick, defendant Jean Klingman, defendant Johnny Brown, defendant Jim Schweisow, defendant Jeanette Buckley on 11/20/92, and on defendant Barbara Olk on 11/23/92 (ld) (Entered: 11/27/1992)	Nov. 27, 1992	Nov. 27, 1992
3	ANSWER by defendant Mildred Elliott, defendant Richard Vander Mey re: complaint [1−1] (rh) (Entered: 12/10/1992)	Dec. 10, 1992	Dec. 10, 1992
4	ANSWER by defendant Joni Keith, defendant Harold McCormick, defendant Jean Klingman, defendant Johnny Brown, defendant Jim Schweisow, defendant Jeanette Bucklew, defendant Barbara Olk re: complaint [1−1] (rh) (Entered: 12/14/1992)	Dec. 14, 1992	Dec. 14, 1992
5	MOTION by plaintiff Cathy Pargo to substitute parties before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 01/21/1993)	Jan. 19, 1993	Jan. 19, 1993
6	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to substitute parties before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [5−1] substituting defendant Sally Chandler Halford for defendant Jeanette Bucklew (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 01/22/1993)	Jan. 22, 1993	Jan. 22, 1993
	REMARK: rec'd. and forwarded to Mag. CFB, with deficient order, Combinded Mtns. and memsup.; 1 COPY ONLY of mtns.; and only 1 org. , no copy of brief. (rh) (Entered: 02/25/1993)	Feb. 25, 1993	Feb. 25, 1993
7	ORDER RE: FILING by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer − the combined mtns. submitted by pla. atty. is deficient, and therefore to be returned to atty. (Non compliance with Local Rule 10 & 10(e). (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 02/26/1993)	Feb. 26, 1993	Feb. 26, 1993
8	COMBINED MOTIONS by plaintiff to refer to a U.S. Mag. , & for order permitting conferring between members of class, and prohibiting interference w/atty. client , and to compel discovery , and for Pretrial conference before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle (rh) (Entered: 03/04/1993)	March 4, 1993	March 4, 1993
11	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer re [8−1] ; In−court hearing (MAG) 4/12/93 Tele. Conf. (cc: all counsel) (sm) (Entered: 03/12/1993)	March 11, 1993	March 11, 1993
10	SUPPLEMENT TO COMBINED MOTION by Cathy Pargo, Dale Bahmer, Sandy Frank, Kim Frazier, Sheryl Snodgrass, Christine Lockheart, Molly Bissen, Willetta Davis, Linda Thompson, Michele Neary, Unknown Persons IA, Unknown Plaintiffs re motion to refer a U.S. Mag. [8−1] (sm) (Entered: 03/11/1993)	March 11, 1993	March 11, 1993
12	PARTIAL RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion to refer to a U.S. Mag. [8−1], re: motion for order permitting conferring between members of class, and prohibiting interference w/atty. client [8−2], re: motion to compel discovery [8−3], re: motion and for Pretrial conference before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle [8−4] AND TO supplement. (rh) (Entered: 03/16/1993)	March 16, 1993	March 16, 1993
13	REPLY by Cathy Pargo, Dale Bahmer, Sandy Frank, Kim Frazier, Sheryl Snodgrass, Christine Lockheart, Molly Bissen, Willetta Davis, Linda Thompson, Michele Neary, Unknown Persons IA, Unknown Plaintiffs, Mildred Elliott re [12−1] to Dfts' resistance to combined motions. (sm) (Entered: 03/22/1993)	March 17, 1993	March 17, 1993
	RESPONSE TO DFTS' RESISTANCE TO COMBINED MOTIONS by Cathy Pargo, Dale Bahmer, Sandy Frank, Kim Frazier, Sheryl Snodgrass, Christine Lockheart, Molly Bissen, Willetta Davis, Linda Thompson, Michele Neary, Unknown Persons IA, Unknown Plaintiffs re: [12−1] motion response (sm) (Entered: 03/17/1993)	March 17, 1993	March 17, 1993
14	AFFIDAVIT of Cathy Pargo regarding motion for order permitting conferring between members of class, and prohibiting interference w/atty. client [8−2], (rh) (Entered: 03/24/1993)	March 24, 1993	March 24, 1993
15	ORDER by Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle granting motion to refer to a U.S. Mag. [8−1] Case referred to Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 03/25/1993)	March 25, 1993	March 25, 1993
16	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer ; In−court hearing rescheduled to (MAG) CFB on 4/26/93 @ 9:00 am by telephone conf. placed by the Court. (cc: all counsel) (sm) (Entered: 04/07/1993)	April 7, 1993	April 7, 1993
17	ATTORNEY APPEARANCE for plaintiff class by EMILY L GOSNELL. (ld) (Entered: 04/09/1993)	April 9, 1993	April 9, 1993
18	ORDER Rescheduling Hearing by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer hearing set for 9:00 a.m. on 4/26/93 rescheduled to ; In−court hearing (MAG) CFB 4/20/93 at 8:15 a.m. (cc: all counsel) (ld) (Entered: 04/15/1993)	April 15, 1993	April 15, 1993
19	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion for order permitting conferring between members of class, and prohibiting interference w/atty. client [8−2] (SEE ORDER FOR SPECIFICS); hrng. by phone on M/Class to be 5/25/93 @ 1:30 pm call made by ct; ; Final pretrial cnf (MAG) 3/1/94 ; Evidentiary hearing (MAG) 3/22/94 @ 9:00 @ Mitchellville , ; Dispositive Motion ddl set for 12/1/93 ; Discovery ddl 11/1/93 (cc: all counsel, consent form to pla. cnsl; cc: cal) (rh) (Entered: 04/22/1993)	April 22, 1993	April 22, 1993
20	MEMORANDUM by plaintiff in support of class certification (rh) (Entered: 05/03/1993)	May 3, 1993	May 3, 1993
21	MOTION by plaintiff for FURTHER ORDER re [8−2] before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) Modified on 05/07/1993 (Entered: 05/07/1993)	May 7, 1993	May 7, 1993
22	MOTION by plaintiff for discovery before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 05/10/1993)	May 10, 1993	May 10, 1993
23	RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion for discovery before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [22−1] (rh) (Entered: 05/14/1993)	May 14, 1993	May 14, 1993
25	PARTIAL RESISTANCE by defendant to M/for classification (rh) (Entered: 05/18/1993)	May 18, 1993	May 18, 1993
26	REPLY TO REQUEST FOR ENTRY ON LAND FOR INSPECTION PURPOSEES (no mtn. for entry on file) by defendant (rh) (Entered: 05/25/1993)	May 25, 1993	May 25, 1993
27	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion for discovery [22−1] denying motion for FURTHER ORDER [21−1] Pla. M/for class cert. is Granted . (see order for many specifics) (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 06/04/1993)	June 4, 1993	June 4, 1993
28	STIPULATED STATUS REPORT (rh) (Entered: 06/10/1993)	June 10, 1993	June 10, 1993
33	AFFIDAVIT of C.A. Frerichs regarding motion for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [32−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/15/1993)	June 15, 1993	June 15, 1993
32	RENEWAL OF MOTION by plaintiff for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 06/15/1993)	June 15, 1993	June 15, 1993
31	SUPPLEMENT by plaintiff re motion for discovery (to allow class members on site visits to ICIW) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [29−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/15/1993)	June 15, 1993	June 15, 1993
30	AFFIDAVIT of C. A. Frerichs regarding motion for discovery (to allow class members on site visits to ICIW) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [29−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/15/1993)	June 15, 1993	June 15, 1993
29	MOTION by plaintiff for discovery (to allow class members on site visits to ICIW) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 06/15/1993)	June 15, 1993	June 15, 1993
34	MOTION by plaintiff for protective order before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (ld) (Entered: 06/17/1993)	June 17, 1993	June 17, 1993
35	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer setting hearing on motion for protective order [34−1], motion for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) [32−1], (to allow class members on site visits to ICIW) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [29−1] 10:00 6/29/93 by phone conf. placed by pla. atty. (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 06/21/1993)	June 21, 1993	June 21, 1993
37	RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion for discovery (to allow class members on site visits to ICIW) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [29−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/24/1993)	June 24, 1993	June 24, 1993
36	RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [32−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/24/1993)	June 24, 1993	June 24, 1993
38	RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion for protective order before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [34−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/25/1993)	June 25, 1993	June 25, 1993
39	SUPPLEMENT by plaintiff re motion for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [32−1] (rh) (Entered: 06/28/1993)	June 28, 1993	June 28, 1993
40	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer denying IN PART motion for order permitting rep. of class to meet, etc) GRANTING AS TO WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (see for specifics) [32−1] denying motion for protective order [34−1] granting IN SOTHAT 1 CLASS MEMBER may accompany the site visit team; The site visit shall be 7/19/93 @ 1:30 pm @ ICIW. [29−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 06/30/1993)	June 30, 1993	June 30, 1993
	−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− VOLUME 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− (rh) (Entered: 06/30/1993)	June 30, 1993	June 30, 1993
42	MOTION by plaintiff for reconsideration of 6/30/93 order before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 07/02/1993)	July 2, 1993	July 2, 1993
41	STATEMENT by plaintiff " Confirmation of Site Visit Date" (rh) (Entered: 07/02/1993)	July 2, 1993	July 2, 1993
44	RESISTANCE by defendant re [42−1] (rh) (Entered: 07/20/1993)	July 12, 1993	July 12, 1993
48	RESPONSE by defendant re: [46−1] motion to extend more than 30 interrogatories before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer, re: [45−1] motion to extend discovery ddl. before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 07/21/1993)	July 21, 1993	July 21, 1993
47	MEMORANDUM by plaintiff in support of motion to extend more than 30 interrogatories before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [46−1] (rh) (Entered: 07/21/1993)	July 21, 1993	July 21, 1993
46	MOTION by plaintiff to extend more than 30 interrogatories before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 07/21/1993)	July 21, 1993	July 21, 1993
45	MOTION by plaintiff to extend discovery ddl. before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 07/21/1993)	July 21, 1993	July 21, 1993
50	MEMORANDUM by defendant in support of motion response [49−1] (cl) (Entered: 07/23/1993)	July 23, 1993	July 23, 1993
49	RESISTANCE by defendant re: motion to extend more than 30 interrogatories before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [46−1] (cl) (Entered: 07/23/1993)	July 23, 1993	July 23, 1993
51	REPLY by plaintiff re [49−1] (rh) (Entered: 07/27/1993)	July 27, 1993	July 27, 1993
52	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to extend more than 30 interrogatories [46−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 07/28/1993)	July 28, 1993	July 28, 1993
53	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to extend discovery ddl. [45−1]; Pla. have until 11/1/93 to designate experts (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 08/09/1993)	Aug. 9, 1993	Aug. 9, 1993
54	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer re [48−1]; Dft. are granted until 11/22/93 to designate experts (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 08/16/1993)	Aug. 13, 1993	Aug. 13, 1993
55	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer ; Telephone Hearing 9/9/93 @ 3:30 re: site visit to ICIW (cc: all counsel) (rh) Modified on 09/27/1993 (Entered: 08/18/1993)	Aug. 18, 1993	Aug. 18, 1993
56	MOTION by plaintiff to bifurcate before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle (rh) (Entered: 09/10/1993)	Sept. 10, 1993	Sept. 10, 1993
57	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer Case consolidated 4:92−cv−80781 with member cases 4:93−cv−80353 All docketing to be in this case 4:92−cv−80781 (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 09/14/1993)	Sept. 14, 1993	Sept. 14, 1993
59	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer status conf. held by phone ; tour of Mitchellville will occur 10/1/93 @ 1:30, aprox. 1 hour; (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 09/15/1993)	Sept. 15, 1993	Sept. 15, 1993
58	REPLY by plaintiff re [57−1] (rh) (Entered: 09/15/1993)	Sept. 15, 1993	Sept. 15, 1993
61	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer vacating order consolidating 4:92−cv−80781 with member cases 4:93−cv−80353 [57−1], re [57−2]; Member case returned to Judge Vietor. (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 09/22/1993)	Sept. 20, 1993	Sept. 20, 1993
60	RESISTANCE by defendant motion to bifurcate before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle [56−1] (rh) (Entered: 09/21/1993)	Sept. 20, 1993	Sept. 20, 1993
62	MOTION by plaintiff for reconsideration of order re: Mitchellville site visit before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 09/22/1993)	Sept. 22, 1993	Sept. 22, 1993
63	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer denying motion for reconsideration of order re: Mitchellville site visit UNLESS PLA. CNSL. CAN COORDINATE SCHEDULES AT A LATER DATE, (SEE FOR SPECIFICS), Pla. 3rd request for an addt'l. class rep. to be present is denied. [62−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 09/24/1993)	Sept. 24, 1993	Sept. 24, 1993
64	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer denying motion to bifurcate before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle [56−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 09/27/1993)	Sept. 27, 1993	Sept. 27, 1993
66	MOTION by plaintiff to sub. class rep before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 11/01/1993)	Nov. 1, 1993	Nov. 1, 1993
67	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to sub. class rep [66−1], [66−2] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 11/02/1993)	Nov. 2, 1993	Nov. 2, 1993
68	MOTION by plaintiff for class rep. to be present re: deposition before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 11/08/1993)	Nov. 5, 1993	Nov. 5, 1993
70	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer setting hearing on motion for class rep. to be present re: deposition by phone conf. call [68−1] 9:30 11/10/93 (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 11/09/1993)	Nov. 9, 1993	Nov. 9, 1993
69	RESISTANCE by defendant motion for class rep. to be present re: deposition before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer [68−1] (rh) (Entered: 11/09/1993)	Nov. 9, 1993	Nov. 9, 1993
71	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion for 4 class rep. to be present FOR DEPOSITIONS ONLY., as pla. has not complied w/LR14, the ct. did not address M/comp. answers to inter. [68−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 11/10/1993)	Nov. 10, 1993	Nov. 10, 1993
72	MOTION by Cathy Pargo, Dale Bahmer, Sandy Frank, Kim Frazier, Sheryl Snodgrass, Christine Lockheart, Molly Bissen, Willetta Davis, Linda Thompson, Michele Neary, Unknown Persons IA, Unknown Plaintiffs for protective order before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle (sm) (Entered: 11/22/1993)	Nov. 22, 1993	Nov. 22, 1993
73	RESPONSE by defendant re: [72−1] motion for protective order before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle (rh) (Entered: 11/29/1993)	Nov. 29, 1993	Nov. 29, 1993
74	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer denying motion for protective order [72−1] (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 12/02/1993)	Dec. 2, 1993	Dec. 2, 1993
75	MOTION by plaintiff to extend discovery before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 12/16/1993)	Dec. 16, 1993	Dec. 16, 1993
76	ORDER by Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to extend discovery [75−1] ; Discovery ddl extended to 3/1/94 (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 12/23/1993)	Dec. 23, 1993	Dec. 23, 1993
77	RESPONSE by defendant re: [75−1] motion to extend discovery before Magistrate Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 12/27/1993)	Dec. 27, 1993	Dec. 27, 1993
78	MOTION by plaintiff Sandy Frank to dismiss before Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle (sm) (Entered: 01/24/1994)	Jan. 21, 1994	Jan. 21, 1994
79	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer granting motion to dismiss party [78−1] terminating party Sandy Frank (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 02/02/1994)	Feb. 2, 1994	Feb. 2, 1994
80	MOTION by plaintiff class for disbursement from atty. admission fund for payment of court reporter's fees before Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer (jv) (Entered: 02/07/1994)	Feb. 7, 1994	Feb. 7, 1994
81	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Mark W. Bennett pltfs to submit proposed consent decree to defs by 2/23/94 − pltfs relieved of this obligation if defs' counsel advises pltfs' counsel no later than 2/15/94 that defs have no interest in settlement; Telephone Hearing MWB 2/28/94 @ 9 re: stlmt status (cc: all counsel) (lc) (Entered: 02/11/1994)	Feb. 11, 1994	Feb. 11, 1994
82	ORDER by Chief Judge Charles R. Wolle referring matter to to Magistrate Judge Piester of the Dist. of NE (cc: all counsel, CFB, MWB, Piester, Strom, clk) (rh) (Entered: 02/28/1994)	Feb. 25, 1994	Feb. 25, 1994
84	ORDER ON FINAL PRETRIAL by Magistrate Judge Mark W. Bennett ptch (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 03/01/1994)	March 1, 1994	March 1, 1994
83	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer granting motion for disbursement from atty. admission fund for payment of court reporter's fees [80−1] up to $1,000.00 (cc: all counsel, financial) (rh) (Entered: 03/01/1994)	March 1, 1994	March 1, 1994
86	MOTION by plaintiff Cathy Pargo to substitute party (Class Representative) before Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer statement of proposed Class representative (sm) (Entered: 03/04/1994)	March 4, 1994	March 4, 1994
	REMARK: cc: dkt. #86 mailed to Mag. Piester on 3/7/94 by rh (rh) (Entered: 03/07/1994)	March 7, 1994	March 7, 1994
88	CONSENT TO PROCEED BEFORE U.S. MAGISTRATE AND ORDER OF REFERENCE By order of C.R. Wolle to Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer under the revised case number of 4:92−cv−80781 for all further proceedings (cc: counsel) (rh) (Entered: 03/10/1994)	March 9, 1994	March 9, 1994
87	SUPPLEMENT [85−1] to order by both parties (rh) (Entered: 03/09/1994)	March 9, 1994	March 9, 1994
89	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer ; Status hearing 3/18/94 @ 11:30 by phone call placed by pla. cnsl. (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 03/10/1994)	March 10, 1994	March 10, 1994
92	STIPULATION TO AMENDMENT OF PRETRIAL ORDER (cc: mag. Peister) (rh) (Entered: 03/11/1994)	March 11, 1994	March 11, 1994
91	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer granting motion for reconsideration of order on expenses [90−1]; Clk. is authorized to pay a total amt. of $1500 toward the expense of depositions in this case. (cc: all counsel, financial) (rh) (Entered: 03/11/1994)	March 11, 1994	March 11, 1994
90	MOTION by plaintiff for reconsideration of order on expenses before Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer (rh) (Entered: 03/11/1994)	March 11, 1994	March 11, 1994
93	Pre−TRIAL brief submitted by defendants. (ld) (Entered: 03/16/1994)	March 16, 1994	March 16, 1994
94	TRIAL briefs submitted by plaintiff (rh) (Entered: 03/17/1994)	March 17, 1994	March 17, 1994
96	NOTICE OF LIST OF DEPOSITIONS TO BE INTRODUCED by plaintiff (rh) (Entered: 03/21/1994)	March 21, 1994	March 21, 1994
95	SUPPLEMENT by plaintiff [94−1] to brief (rh) (Entered: 03/21/1994)	March 21, 1994	March 21, 1994
99	WITNESS & EXHIBIT list submitted from court (rh) (Entered: 03/25/1994)	March 25, 1994	March 25, 1994
98	CLERK'S COURT MINUTES: courtroom clerk: C. F. Bremer, Mag. J.; court reporter: L. Allmon; 2nd day trial (rh) (Entered: 03/25/1994)	March 25, 1994	March 25, 1994
97	CLERK'S COURT MINUTES: courtroom clerk: Shellie Knipfer; court reporter: L. Allmon; first day trial (rh) (Entered: 03/25/1994)	March 25, 1994	March 25, 1994
101	ORDER by Magistrate Judge Celeste F. Bremer ; Trial will resume 4/4/94 @ 9:00 in Mitchellville (cc: all counsel) (rh) (Entered: 03/29/1994)	March 29, 1994	March 29, 1994