Case: Liu v. Democratic National Committee

1:21-cv-00767 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

Filed Date: Jan. 28, 2021

Closed Date: Sept. 22, 2022

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenged the Democratic National Committee’s (DNC) rules that permit only four states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina) to hold presidential primaries or caucuses before a certain date in February each election cycle. On January 28, 2021, a registered Democratic voter in the State of New York filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the DNC. Represented by private counsel, the voter alleged that the DNC’s rules on th…

This case challenged the Democratic National Committee’s (DNC) rules that permit only four states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina) to hold presidential primaries or caucuses before a certain date in February each election cycle.

On January 28, 2021, a registered Democratic voter in the State of New York filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the DNC. Represented by private counsel, the voter alleged that the DNC’s rules on the sequence of primaries and caucuses violated multiple provisions of the U.S. Constitution, including Article I, Section 9 (the Port Preference Clause); the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV; Section 1 and Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment; and the First Amendment. The plaintiff's complaint did not specify which statute he was suing under but did cite several U.S. Supreme Court cases that were brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Later, in the plaintiff’s opposition to the DNC’s motion to dismiss, he also claimed a violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 52 U.S.C. § 10301. The case was assigned to District Judge Lewis Liman.

The defendant filed a motion to dismiss on March 4, 2021. It argued that plaintiff’s case was not ripe because delegate selection rules had not yet been adopted for the 2024 election cycle, that plaintiff lacked standing to sue because the defendant had not caused his alleged injury, and that the defendant could not have violated the cited constitutional provisions or the Voting Rights Act because it is not a state actor.

On November 12, 2021, the court issued an opinion and order dismissing the complaint with prejudice because the plaintiff had not alleged an injury that was actual or imminent and because the dispute was not constitutionally ripe. On November 15, 2021, the court issued an errata order noting that the case had erroneously been dismissed with prejudice. An amended opinion and order issued the same day dismissed the complaint without prejudice. The plaintiff filed an appeal to the Second Circuit (docket no.  21-03021).

On September 22, 2022, the Second Circuit issued a summary order affirming the district court’s judgment for substantially the same reasons. Because the defendant had not yet enacted rules for the 2024 primaries or determined New York State’s primary date, the plaintiff’s alleged injury was still hypothetical, and his complaint was premature and not ripe.

Summary Authors

John McGinnis (2/20/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/50263318/parties/liu-v-democratic-national-committee-dnc/


Attorney for Plaintiff

Liu, Yu-Xi (New York)

Attorney for Defendant

Frost, Elisabeth C. (New York)

Schuman, Adam Hugh (New York)

Shelly, Jacob D (New York)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

1:21-cv-00767

Complaint

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

Complaint
29

1:21-cv-00767

Amended Opinion and Order

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

Order/Opinion

2021 WL 5351886

33

1:21-cv-00767

Summary Order

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

Oct. 13, 2022

Oct. 13, 2022

Order/Opinion

2022 WL 4372587

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/50263318/liu-v-democratic-national-committee-dnc/

Last updated Aug. 5, 2025, 3:24 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY TO FILE CIVIL INITIAL PLEADING. Notice to Attorney Yu-Xi Liu to electronically file the initial pleading in this case. Failure to file the initial pleading may result in the dismissal of the case pursuant to Amended Standing Order 15-mc-00131. Initial Pleading due by 2/2/2021. (dnh)

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

PACER
1

FILING ERROR - DEFICIENT PLEADING - FILED AGAINST PARTY ERROR -COMPLAINT against Lewis Y Liu. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) Modified on 1/29/2021 (dnh). (Entered: 01/28/2021)

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

Clearinghouse
2

COMPLAINT against Democratic National Committee (DNC). Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 01/28/2021)

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

PACER
3

CIVIL COVER SHEET filed..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 01/28/2021)

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

PACER

Notice to Attorney to File Initial Pleading

Jan. 28, 2021

Jan. 28, 2021

PACER

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY REGARDING PARTY MODIFICATION. Notice to attorney Yu-Xi Liu. The party information for the following party/parties has been modified: Democratic National Committee (DNC). The information for the party/parties has been modified for the following reason/reasons: party name contained a typographical error. (dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY REGARDING CIVIL. CASE OPENING STATISTICAL ERROR CORRECTION: Notice to attorney Yu-Xi Liu. The following case opening statistical information was erroneously selected/entered: Fee Status code due (due). The following correction(s) have been made to your case entry: the Fee Status code has been modified to pd (paid). (dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Civil Case Opening Fee Paid electronically via Pay.gov: for 2 Complaint. Filing fee $ 402.00. Pay.gov receipt number ANYSDC-23722708, paid on 1/28/2021..(dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

CASE OPENING INITIAL ASSIGNMENT NOTICE: The above-entitled action is assigned to Judge Lewis J. Liman. Please download and review the Individual Practices of the assigned District Judge, located at https://nysd.uscourts.gov/judges/district-judges. Attorneys are responsible for providing courtesy copies to judges where their Individual Practices require such. Please download and review the ECF Rules and Instructions, located at https://nysd.uscourts.gov/rules/ecf-related-instructions..(dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Magistrate Judge Katharine H. Parker is so designated. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Section 636(c) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 73(b)(1) parties are notified that they may consent to proceed before a United States Magistrate Judge. Parties who wish to consent may access the necessary form at the following link: https://nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2018-06/AO-3.pdf. (dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Case Designated ECF. (dnh)

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Notice to Attorney Regarding Party Modification

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Notice to Attorney Regarding Case Opening Statistical Error Correction

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Case Opening Fee Paid via Pay.gov

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER

Case Opening Initial Assignment Notice

Jan. 29, 2021

Jan. 29, 2021

PACER
4

FILING ERROR - DEFICIENT SUMMONS REQUEST - PDF ERROR REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS as to DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, re: 2 Complaint. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) Modified on 2/2/2021 (sj). (Entered: 02/01/2021)

Feb. 1, 2021

Feb. 1, 2021

PACER

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY REGARDING DEFICIENT REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS. Notice to Attorney Yu-Xi Liu to RE-FILE Document No. 4 Request for Issuance of Summons. The filing is deficient for the following reason(s): the date field on the offical A.O. Summons form was completed by the attorney. Re-file the document using the event type Request for Issuance of Summons found under the event list Service of Process - select the correct filer/filers - and attach the correct summons form PDF. (sj)

Feb. 2, 2021

Feb. 2, 2021

PACER
5

REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS as to DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, re: 2 Complaint. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 02/02/2021)

Feb. 2, 2021

Feb. 2, 2021

PACER

Notice to Attorney Regarding Deficient Request for Issuance of Summons

Feb. 2, 2021

Feb. 2, 2021

PACER
6

ELECTRONIC SUMMONS ISSUED as to Democratic National Committee..(jgo) (Entered: 02/03/2021)

Feb. 3, 2021

Feb. 3, 2021

PACER
7

NOTICE OF INITIAL PRETRIAL CONFERENCE: This case has been assigned to me for all purposes. It is hereby: ORDERED that counsel for all parties appear for an Initial Pretrial Conference by TELEPHONE on March 5, 2021, at 2:00 p.m. Parties are directed to dial into the Court's teleconference number at 888-251-2909, Access Code 2123101, and follow the necessary prompts. (As further set forth in this Order.) Initial Conference set for 5/3/2021 at 02:00 PM before Judge Lewis J. Liman. (Signed by Judge Lewis J. Liman on 2/12/2021) (cf) (Entered: 02/12/2021)

Feb. 12, 2021

Feb. 12, 2021

PACER
8

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Adam Hugh Schuman on behalf of Democratic National Committee..(Schuman, Adam) (Entered: 02/16/2021)

Feb. 16, 2021

Feb. 16, 2021

PACER
9

AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE of Summons and Complaint. Democratic National Committee served on 2/11/2021, answer due 3/4/2021. Service was accepted by Ms. Emma Olsen Sharpkey, Esq. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 02/19/2021)

Feb. 19, 2021

Feb. 19, 2021

PACER
10

NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Elisabeth C. Frost on behalf of Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 02/23/2021)

Feb. 23, 2021

Feb. 23, 2021

PACER
11

RULE 7.1 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. No Corporate Parent. Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 02/23/2021)

Feb. 23, 2021

Feb. 23, 2021

PACER
12

LETTER addressed to Judge Lewis J. Liman from Elisabeth C. Frost dated February 23, 2021 re: Defendant Democratic National Committee's Intent to File a Motion to Dismiss. Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 02/23/2021)

Feb. 23, 2021

Feb. 23, 2021

PACER
13

FILING ERROR - DEFICIENT DOCKET ENTRY - MOTION for Jacob Shelly to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Filing fee $ 200.00, receipt number ANYSDC-24055028. Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff. Document filed by Democratic National Committee. (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing, # 3 Text of Proposed Order).(Shelly, Jacob) Modified on 2/24/2021 (wb). (Entered: 02/23/2021)

Feb. 23, 2021

Feb. 23, 2021

PACER

>>>NOTICE REGARDING DEFICIENT MOTION TO APPEAR PRO HAC VICE. Notice to RE-FILE Document No. 13 MOTION for Jacob Shelly to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Filing fee $ 200.00, receipt number ANYSDC-24055028. Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff... The filing is deficient for the following reason(s): Affidavit not Notarized.;. Re-file the motion as a Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice - attach the correct signed PDF - select the correct named filer/filers - attach valid Certificates of Good Standing issued within the past 30 days - attach Proposed Order.. (wb)

Feb. 24, 2021

Feb. 24, 2021

PACER
14

MOTION for Jacob Shelly to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff. Document filed by Democratic National Committee. (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit, # 2 Certificate of Good Standing, # 3 Text of Proposed Order).(Shelly, Jacob) (Entered: 02/24/2021)

Feb. 24, 2021

Feb. 24, 2021

PACER

>>>NOTICE REGARDING PRO HAC VICE MOTION. Regarding Document No. 14 MOTION for Jacob Shelly to Appear Pro Hac Vice . Motion and supporting papers to be reviewed by Clerk's Office staff.. The document has been reviewed and there are no deficiencies. (aea)

Feb. 24, 2021

Feb. 24, 2021

PACER
15

PROPOSED CASE MANAGEMENT PLAN. Document filed by Democratic National Committee. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Joint Letter re: Case Management Plan).(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 02/26/2021)

Feb. 26, 2021

Feb. 26, 2021

PACER
16

LETTER addressed to Judge Lewis J. Liman from Elisabeth C. Frost dated March 4, 2021 re: Agreement on the Briefing Schedule for Defendant's Motion to Dismiss. Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 03/04/2021)

March 4, 2021

March 4, 2021

PACER
17

MOTION to Dismiss . Document filed by Democratic National Committee. Responses due by 4/5/2021 Return Date set for 4/20/2021 at 11:59 PM. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order).(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 03/04/2021)

March 4, 2021

March 4, 2021

PACER
18

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Support re: 17 MOTION to Dismiss . . Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 03/04/2021)

March 4, 2021

March 4, 2021

PACER
19

JOINT LETTER addressed to Judge Lewis J. Liman from Elisabeth C. Frost dated March 5, 2021 re: Technical Issue With Conference. Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 03/05/2021)

March 5, 2021

March 5, 2021

PACER

ORDER Letter re: 19 Technical Issue With Conference filed by Democratic National Committee. The Initial Pretrial Conference is rescheduled to March 12, 2021 at 3:00PM. Parties are directed to dial into the Court's teleconference line at 888-251-2909 and use access code 2123101. The rescheduling is as a result of a docketing error which incorrectly calendared today's Initial Conference on the Court's calendar, and through no fault of the parties. (HEREBY ORDERED by Judge Lewis J. Liman) (Text Only Order) (mf)

March 5, 2021

March 5, 2021

PACER

Set/Reset Hearings: Initial Conference set for 3/12/2021 at 03:00 PM before Judge Lewis J. Liman. (mf)

March 5, 2021

March 5, 2021

PACER

Order

March 5, 2021

March 5, 2021

PACER
20

ORDER granting 14 Motion for Jacob Shelly to Appear Pro Hac Vice (HEREBY ORDERED by Judge Lewis J. Liman)(Text Only Order) (wt) (Entered: 03/12/2021)

March 12, 2021

March 12, 2021

PACER

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Lewis J. Liman: Initial Pretrial Conference held on 3/12/2021 by Telephone Conference. Yu-Xi Liu present by telephone for Plaintiff. Elisabeth Frost and Jacob Shelly present by telephone for Defendant. Court reporter present by telephone. Discovery is stayed pending resolution of the motion to dismiss. (mf) Modified on 3/17/2021 (mf).

March 12, 2021

March 12, 2021

PACER

Order on Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice

March 12, 2021

March 12, 2021

PACER

Pretrial Conference - Initial

March 17, 2021

March 17, 2021

PACER
21

DECLARATION of Lewis Y Liu in Opposition re: 17 MOTION to Dismiss .. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 03/29/2021)

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

PACER
22

MEMORANDUM OF LAW in Opposition re: 17 MOTION to Dismiss . . Document filed by Lewis Y Liu..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 03/29/2021)

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

PACER
23

RESPONSE in Support of Motion re: 17 MOTION to Dismiss . . Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 04/15/2021)

April 15, 2021

April 15, 2021

PACER
24

NOTICE OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS by Elisabeth C. Frost on behalf of Democratic National Committee. New Address: Elias Law Group LLP, 10 G Street NE, Suite 600, Washington, DC, United States 20002, 202-968-4513..(Frost, Elisabeth) (Entered: 09/09/2021)

Sept. 9, 2021

Sept. 9, 2021

PACER
25

NOTICE OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS by Jacob D Shelly on behalf of Democratic National Committee. New Address: Elias Law Group LLP, 10 G St NE, Suite 600, Washington, DC, USA 20002, 202-968-4498..(Shelly, Jacob) (Entered: 09/15/2021)

Sept. 15, 2021

Sept. 15, 2021

PACER
26

OPINION AND ORDER re: 17 MOTION to Dismiss, filed by Democratic National Committee. For the reasons stated, the DNC's motion to dismiss the Complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is GRANTED. The Complaint is dismissed with prejudice. The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to close Dkt. No. 17 and to close the case. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Lewis J. Liman on 11/12/2021) (va) Transmission to Orders and Judgments Clerk for processing. (Entered: 11/12/2021)

Nov. 12, 2021

Nov. 12, 2021

RECAP
27

CLERK'S JUDGMENT re: 26 Memorandum & Opinion in favor of Democratic National Committee against Lewis Y Liu. It is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED: That for the reasons stated in the Court's Opinion and Order dated November 12, 2021, the DNC's motion to dismiss the Complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is GRANTED. The Complaint is dismissed with prejudice; accordingly, the case is closed. (Signed by Clerk of Court Ruby Krajick on 11/12/2021) (Attachments: # 1 Right to Appeal) (km) (Entered: 11/12/2021)

Nov. 12, 2021

Nov. 12, 2021

RECAP
28

ERRATA ORDER: The Opinion and Order filed on November 12, 2021 at Dkt. No. 26 erroneously dismissed the Complaint with prejudice. The Complaint is dismissed without prejudice. Along with this Errata Order the Court is separately filing an Amended Opinion and Order correcting this error. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Lewis J. Liman on 11/15/2021) (va) (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

RECAP
29

AMENDED OPINION AND ORDER: For the reasons stated, the DNC's motion to dismiss the Complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is GRANTED. "[W]hen a case is dismissed for lack of federal subject matter jurisdiction, 'Article III deprives federal courts of the power to dismiss [the] case with prejudice.'" Katz v. Donna Karan Co., L.L.C., 872 F.3d 114, 121 (2d Cir. 2017) (second alteration in original) (quoting Hernandez v. Conriv Realty Assocs., 182 F.3d 121, 123 (2d Cir. 1999)). Accordingly, the Complaint is dismissed without prejudice. The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to close Dkt. No. 17 and to close the case. SO ORDERED. (Signed by Judge Lewis J. Liman on 11/15/2021) (va) (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

Clearinghouse
30

FILING ERROR - WRONG EVENT TYPE SELECTED FROM MENU - FIRST NOTICE OF APPEAL TO THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT from 29 Memorandum & Opinion,,,. Form 7 and Form 22 are due within 14 days. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu. Filing fee $ 505.00, receipt number ANYSDC-25449579..(Liu, Yu-Xi) Modified on 12/10/2021 (tp). (Entered: 12/09/2021)

Dec. 9, 2021

Dec. 9, 2021

PACER

***NOTICE TO ATTORNEY REGARDING DEFICIENT APPEAL. Notice to attorney Liu, Yu-Xi to RE-FILE Document No. 30 Notice of Appeal to the Federal Circuit. The filing is deficient for the following reason(s): the wrong event type was used to file the appeal. Re-file the appeal using the event type Notice of Appeal found under the event list Appeal Documents - attach the correct signed PDF - select the correct named filer/filers - select the correct order/judgment being appealed. (tp)

Dec. 10, 2021

Dec. 10, 2021

PACER

Notice to Attorney Regarding Deficient Appeal

Dec. 10, 2021

Dec. 10, 2021

PACER
31

FIRST NOTICE OF APPEAL from 29 Memorandum & Opinion,,,. Document filed by Lewis Y Liu. Form C and Form D are due within 14 days to the Court of Appeals, Second Circuit..(Liu, Yu-Xi) (Entered: 12/11/2021)

Dec. 11, 2021

Dec. 11, 2021

PACER

Appeal Fee Paid electronically via Pay.gov: for 31 Notice of Appeal. Filing fee $ 505.00. Pay.gov receipt number ANYSDC-25449579, paid on 12/9/2021. (tp)

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER

Transmission of Notice of Appeal and Certified Copy of Docket Sheet to US Court of Appeals re: 31 Notice of Appeal. (tp)

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER

Appeal Record Sent to USCA (Electronic File). Certified Indexed record on Appeal Electronic Files for 31 Notice of Appeal filed by Lewis Y Liu were transmitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals. (tp)

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER

Appeal Fee Paid via Pay.gov

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER

Transmission of Notice of Appeal and Docket Sheet to USCA

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER

Appeal Record Sent to USCA - Electronic File

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

PACER
32

NOTICE of Withdrawal as counsel of record for Defendant Democratic National Committee. Document filed by Democratic National Committee..(Schuman, Adam) (Entered: 12/15/2021)

Dec. 15, 2021

Dec. 15, 2021

PACER
33

MANDATE of USCA (Certified Copy) as to 31 Notice of Appeal filed by Lewis Y Liu. USCA Case Number 21-03021. UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.. Catherine O'Hagan Wolfe, Clerk USCA for the Second Circuit. Issued As Mandate: 10/13/2022..(nd) (Entered: 10/13/2022)

Oct. 13, 2022

Oct. 13, 2022

RECAP

Case Details

State / Territory: New York

Case Type(s):

Election/Voting Rights

Special Collection(s):

Law Firm Antiracism Alliance (LFAA) project

Key Dates

Filing Date: Jan. 28, 2021

Closing Date: Sept. 22, 2022

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

A registered Democratic voter in the state of New York

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Democratic National Committee, Political Party

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Voting Rights Act, section 2, 52 U.S.C. § 10301 (previously 42 U.S.C. § 1973)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Freedom of speech/association

Privileges and/or Immunities Clauses

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Defendant

Nature of Relief:

None

Source of Relief:

None

Issues

Voting:

Voting: General & Misc.