Case: Singleton v. Allen

2211536 | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama

Filed Date: Sept. 27, 2021

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenges the 2011 drawing of Alabama’s Congressional districts. Plaintiffs--registered Alabama voters in different Congressional Districts within the state--filed suit against the Alabama Secretary of State. Plaintiffs filed the case in September 2021, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. They alleged that 2020 census data demonstrated that Alabama’s then-operative congressional districts were malapportioned, and that districting across country boundaries…

This case challenges the 2011 drawing of Alabama’s Congressional districts. Plaintiffs--registered Alabama voters in different Congressional Districts within the state--filed suit against the Alabama Secretary of State. Plaintiffs filed the case in September 2021, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. They alleged that 2020 census data demonstrated that Alabama’s then-operative congressional districts were malapportioned, and that districting across country boundaries, which packed black voters into one congressional district, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Article I, §2 of the U.S. Constitution. Plaintiffs claimed that Alabama could implement lawful new redistricting plans that did not split county lines - which plaintiffs alleged had been Alabama’s historic practice and ratified by the U.S. Supreme Court. Requesting a three-judge District Court, plaintiffs sought an injunction and declaratory judgment invalidating Alabama’s current Congressional redistricting plan, and allowing the state to enact a new plan.

District Judge Terry F. Moored, Circuit Judge Stanley Marcus, and District Judge Anna M. Manasco were designated for the three-judge court for this matter.

On November 4, 2021, the Governor of Alabama signed into law Act No. 2021-555, which largely retained the challenged districting decisions. On the same day, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, seeking a new districting plan for the 2022 primary elections.

The Senate Chairman of the Permanent Legislative Committee on Reapportionment of the State of Alabama and House Chairman of the Permanent Legislative Committee on Reapportionment of the State of Alabama moved to intervene as defendants, claiming that they had interests to protect as Chairs of the Committee and state legislators which no other party in the action could adequately represent. On November 17, 2021, the court granted intervention. Defendants further sought to consolidate this case with other cases in which unrelated plaintiffs had claims related to Alabama’s congressional districting decisions and demanded redistricting. The court consolidated with respect to Milligan v. Merrill, which was already before the same three-judge panel. The court declined, however, to add  Thomas v. Merrill and Caster v. Merrill, 2:21-cv-01536, which were assigned to a different panel and involved different legal claims.

Plaintiffs in both Singleton and Milligan requested a preliminary injunction to compel defendants to use a new district map for congressional elections. On January 24, 2022, the court agreed in part, preliminarily enjoining use of the challenged map; this left the Alabama legislature with a limited window to create a new districting map before the 2022 congressional elections. The court explained that the Milligan plaintiffs were substantially likely to establish that the Plan violated Section Two of the Voting Rights Act, under the test set forth by the Supreme Court which requires (1) that there is a sufficiently large population of a group to constitute a voting-age majority in a second district and (2) that the population is sufficiently geographically compact to constitute a voting-age majority in a second district. The court reserved judgment on constitutional issues.

After the preliminary injunction issued, as the state's window to create a new district map narrowed, the court advised defendants to enact a new map by February 7, 2022; otherwise, the court would appoint a Special Master and expert cartographer to draw a remedial map. On February 7, due to defendants' lack of progress, the court did in fact appoint a Special Master and an expert cartographer. However, that same day, the Supreme Court stayed the preliminary injunction pending a ruling on the merits; this effectively allowed the challenged map to be used for the 2022 election cycle. Plaintiffs filed a renewed emergency  motion for a preliminary injunction. The court denied that, noting that plaintiffs’ constitutional claim was complex and could not be decided quickly and that the evidentiary record was disputed and not fully developed.

On June 8, 2023, the Supreme Court affirmed, 143 S. Ct. 1487, ratifying the preliminary injunction even though the election was past. The state requested a five-week extension to enact a new plan; the court agreed, but noted that if the Alabama legislature was unable to enact a new plan by July 21, 2023, it would order a special master and cartographer to commence a remedial map process. On July 21, Alabama produced a remedial congressional districting map. However, like the previous map at issue, this one included only one majority-black district.

Plaintiffs objected to the new plan, arguing that it did not substantively cure the issues in Alabama’s districting decisions. On September 5, 2023, the district court held that because the 2023 plan did not include a second district in which black voters would have the opportunity to elect a candidate of their choice, the plan would, like the old map, likely violate Voting Rights Act Section Two. As a result, the court preliminarily enjoined the state from conducting elections with the new map that it enacted, and instructed the appointed Special Master to recommend three remedial maps. The Special Master, after soliciting proposed plans and comments from the parties and the public, submitted three remedial plans per the court order. On October 5, 2023, the court ordered that Alabama's upcoming congressional elections be administered using "Remedial Plan 3", the third of the proposed plans provided by the Special Master.

On January 31, 2024, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint against defendants, adding additional grounds: that the legislature violated the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment in rejecting the districting plan proposed by plaintiffs.

Parties went to trial in early 2025. In a findings letter dated May 8, 2025, the court ruled that Alabama’s 2023 congressional map was drawn by the Alabama Legislature with racially discriminatory intent and was in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. In support of the constitutional claim, the court highlighted the legislature's lack of compliance in establishing the required second opportunity district, legislative “findings” designed to make compliance mathematically impossible, and statements showing intent to provoke a Supreme Court re-review rather than comply. The court described the legislature's conduct writ large as "unprecedented" and "defiant." With regards to the Voting Rights Act prong, plaintiffs satisfactorily proved all Gingles conditions, sufficiently demonstrating:

  • That black voters are numerous and geographically compact enough to form a majority in a second reasonably configured district,
  • Black voters in the area vote cohesively,
  • White voters consistently vote to defeat Black-preferred candidates outside opportunity districts, and
  • Black voters are given less opportunity than others to elect candidates of choice given a history of discrimination, racially polarized voting, and structural barriers.

Along with the prior declaration, the court issued a permanent injunction barring Secretary Allen and his successors in office from using 2023 Plan in any election. On May 6, 2025, defendants filed notice of direct appeal to the United States Supreme Court. Months later, on August 7, 2025, the court issued a formal permanent injunction pursuant to its prior findings letter, and reaffirmed its declaratory judgment that defendants had violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. However, the court declined to rule on plaintiffs' remaining claims under the United States Constitution pursuant to the canon of constitutional avoidance.

As of August 15, 2025, defendant's writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court is still pending.

Summary Authors

Keren Yi (2/17/2025)

Ben Hefter (8/15/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/61587200/parties/caster-v-allen/

Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Branch, Aria C. (Alabama)

Attorney for Defendant

Bowdre, Alexander Barrett (Alabama)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Agricola, Barbara H. (Alabama)

Allen, Richard F (Alabama)

Cartographer, Expert (Alabama)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

2:21-cv-01291

Complaint

Singleton v. Merrill

Sept. 27, 2021

Sept. 27, 2021

Complaint
11

2:21-cv-01291

Secretary Merrill's Motion to Dismiss

Singleton v. Merrill

Oct. 21, 2021

Oct. 21, 2021

Pleading / Motion / Brief
15

2:21-cv-01291

Amended Complaint

Singleton v. Merrill

Nov. 4, 2021

Nov. 4, 2021

Complaint
21

2:21-cv-01291

Order

Singleton v. Merrill

Nov. 5, 2021

Nov. 5, 2021

Order/Opinion
32

2:21-cv-01291

2211536

Order

Singleton v. Merrill

Nov. 17, 2021

Nov. 17, 2021

Order/Opinion
42

2:21-cv-01291

Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and Memorandum of Law in Support

Singleton v. Merrill

Nov. 19, 2021

Nov. 19, 2021

Pleading / Motion / Brief
45

2:21-cv-01291

Order on Motions for Consolidation and Joinder and Scheduling Order

Singleton v. Merrill

Nov. 23, 2021

Nov. 23, 2021

Order/Opinion

2021 WL 5979497

88

2:21-cv-01291

Preliminary Injunction Memorandum Opinion and Order

Singleton v. Merrill

Jan. 24, 2022

Jan. 24, 2022

Order/Opinion

582 F.Supp.3d 924

101

2:21-cv-01291

Order

Singleton v. Merrill

Feb. 3, 2022

Feb. 3, 2022

Order/Opinion
102

2:21-cv-01291

Order Appointing Special Master and Appointing Expert Cartographer

Singleton v. Merrill

Feb. 7, 2022

Feb. 7, 2022

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/61587200/caster-v-allen/

Last updated Feb. 9, 2026, 12:44 p.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
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COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against John H. Merrill (Filing fee $402.00 receipt number 4602065148.), filed by Manasseh Powell, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Ronald Smith, LaKeisha Chestnut, Wendell Thomas, Marcus Caster, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 fee receipt)(djy, ) Modified on 11/8/2021 to clarify text as reflected in pleading (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/06/2021)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 fee receipt

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Nov. 4, 2021

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COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against John H. Merrill (Filing fee $402.00 receipt number 4602065148.), filed by Manasseh Powell, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Ronald Smith, LaKeisha Chestnut, Wendell Thomas, Marcus Caster, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 fee receipt)(djy, ) Modified on 11/8/2021 to clarify text as reflected in pleading (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/06/2021)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 fee receipt

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Nov. 4, 2021

Nov. 4, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Edmund Gerard LaCour, Jr on behalf of John H. Merrill (LaCour, Edmund) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/05/2021)

Nov. 5, 2021

Nov. 5, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Edmund Gerard LaCour, Jr on behalf of John H. Merrill (LaCour, Edmund) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/05/2021)

Nov. 5, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by James William Davis on behalf of John H. Merrill (Davis, James) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/05/2021)

Nov. 5, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by James William Davis on behalf of John H. Merrill (Davis, James) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/05/2021)

Nov. 5, 2021

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Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement sent to Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, & Wendell Thomas; Corporate Disclosures due by 11/18/2021. (Attachments: # 1 Standing Order & Sample)(am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

1 Standing Order & Sample

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Nov. 8, 2021

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Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement sent to Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, & Wendell Thomas; Corporate Disclosures due by 11/18/2021. (Attachments: # 1 Standing Order & Sample)(am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

1 Standing Order & Sample

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Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement sent to John H. Merrill; Corporate Disclosures due by 11/18/2021. (Attachments: # 1 Standing Order & Sample)(am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

1 Standing Order & Sample

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Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement sent to John H. Merrill; Corporate Disclosures due by 11/18/2021. (Attachments: # 1 Standing Order & Sample)(am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

1 Standing Order & Sample

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Nov. 8, 2021

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Summons Issued as to John H. Merrill and mailed CMRRR w/ 1 Complaint. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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Summons Issued as to John H. Merrill and mailed CMRRR w/ 1 Complaint. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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ORDER: it is ORDERED that the parties shall SHOW CAUSE, if any there be, on or before 11/15/2021, why this action should not be transferred to the Northern District of Alabama, as further set out in Order. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/8/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

Nov. 8, 2021

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ORDER: it is ORDERED that the parties shall SHOW CAUSE, if any there be, on or before 11/15/2021, why this action should not be transferred to the Northern District of Alabama, as further set out in Order. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/8/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by John H. Merrill re 5 Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement. (Davis, James) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by John H. Merrill re 5 Notice of Deficiency requiring filing of Corporate Disclosure/Conflict Statement. (Davis, James) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Benjamin Matthew Seiss on behalf of John H. Merrill (Seiss, Benjamin) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Benjamin Matthew Seiss on behalf of John H. Merrill (Seiss, Benjamin) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Brenton Merrill Smith on behalf of John H. Merrill (Smith, Brenton) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Brenton Merrill Smith on behalf of John H. Merrill (Smith, Brenton) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/08/2021)

Nov. 8, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Andrew Reid Harris on behalf of John H. Merrill (Harris, Andrew) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/09/2021)

Nov. 9, 2021

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NOTICE of Appearance by Andrew Reid Harris on behalf of John H. Merrill (Harris, Andrew) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/09/2021)

Nov. 9, 2021

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(STRICKEN AS AN ERRONEOUS DOCKET ENTRY - FILED IN WRONG CASE) NOTICE of Appearance by Andrew Reid Harris on behalf of John H. Merrill (Harris, Andrew) Modified on 11/10/2021 (am, ). (Main Document 12 replaced on 11/10/2021) (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/09/2021)

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(STRICKEN AS AN ERRONEOUS DOCKET ENTRY - FILED IN WRONG CASE) NOTICE of Appearance by Andrew Reid Harris on behalf of John H. Merrill (Harris, Andrew) Modified on 11/10/2021 (am, ). (Main Document 12 replaced on 11/10/2021) (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/09/2021)

Nov. 9, 2021

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NOTICE of Error: re: 12 Notice of Appearance which is hereby STRICKEN as an Erroneous docket entry; Counsel filed in the wrong case) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

Nov. 10, 2021

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NOTICE of Error: re: 12 Notice of Appearance which is hereby STRICKEN as an Erroneous docket entry; Counsel filed in the wrong case) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

Nov. 10, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Marcus Caster. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

Nov. 10, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Marcus Caster. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by LaKeisha Chestnut. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by LaKeisha Chestnut. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Bobby Lee DeBouse. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

Nov. 10, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Bobby Lee DeBouse. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

Nov. 10, 2021

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Benjamin Jones. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Benjamin Jones. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Rodney Allen Love. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Rodney Allen Love. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Manasseh Powell. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Manasseh Powell. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Ronald Smith. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Ronald Smith. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Wendell Thomas. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Corporate/Conflict Disclosure Statement by Wendell Thomas. (Rouco, Richard) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/10/2021)

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Return Receipt Card showing service of Summons & Complaint signed by B. McCaster for John H. Merrill served on 11/9/2021, answer due 11/30/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

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Return Receipt Card showing service of Summons & Complaint signed by B. McCaster for John H. Merrill served on 11/9/2021, answer due 11/30/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

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Motion for Admission of Aria C. Branch Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number BALMDC-3122462.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Aria C. Branch)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Aria C. Branch

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Nov. 12, 2021

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Motion for Admission of Aria C. Branch Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number BALMDC-3122462.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Aria C. Branch)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Aria C. Branch

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Motion for Admission Abha Khanna Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122483.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Abha Khanna)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Abha Khanna

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Motion for Admission Abha Khanna Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122483.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Abha Khanna)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Abha Khanna

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Motion for Admission Joseph N. Posimato Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122489.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Joseph N. Posimato)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Joseph N. Posimato

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Motion for Admission Joseph N. Posimato Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122489.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Joseph N. Posimato)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Joseph N. Posimato

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Motion for Admission of Lalitha D. Madduri Appear Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122494.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Lalitha D. Madduri)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Lalitha D. Madduri

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Motion for Admission of Lalitha D. Madduri Appear Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee $75.00 receipt number AALMDC-3122494.) by Marcus Caster, LaKeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing, # 2 Exhibit Declaration of Lalitha D. Madduri)(Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/15/2021 to add PHV attorney's name (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/12/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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2 Exhibit Declaration of Lalitha D. Madduri

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TEXT ORDER: GRANTING the 23 Motion for Admission of Aria C. Branch Pro Hac Vice; the 24 Motion for Admission of Abha Khanna Pro Hac Vice; the 25 Motion for Admission of Joseph N. Posimato Pro Hac Vice; and the 26 Motion for Admission of Lalitha D. Madduri Pro Hac Vice. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/15/2021. (NO PDF attached to this entry) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

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TEXT ORDER: GRANTING the 23 Motion for Admission of Aria C. Branch Pro Hac Vice; the 24 Motion for Admission of Abha Khanna Pro Hac Vice; the 25 Motion for Admission of Joseph N. Posimato Pro Hac Vice; and the 26 Motion for Admission of Lalitha D. Madduri Pro Hac Vice. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/15/2021. (NO PDF attached to this entry) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

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Nov. 15, 2021

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RESPONSE TO 7 ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by Marcus Caster, Wendell Thomas, Ronald Smith, Manasseh Powell, Rodney Allen Love, Benjamin Jones, Bobby Lee DeBouse, LaKeisha Chestnut. (Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/16/2021 to add linkage & and add additional plaintiff filer names (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

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28

RESPONSE TO 7 ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by Marcus Caster, Wendell Thomas, Ronald Smith, Manasseh Powell, Rodney Allen Love, Benjamin Jones, Bobby Lee DeBouse, LaKeisha Chestnut. (Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/16/2021 to add linkage & and add additional plaintiff filer names (am, ). [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

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29

RESPONSE TO ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by John H. Merrill re 7 Order to Show Cause,. (Harris, Andrew) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

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29

RESPONSE TO ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by John H. Merrill re 7 Order to Show Cause,. (Harris, Andrew) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/15/2021)

Nov. 15, 2021

Nov. 15, 2021

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30

ORDER: it is ORDERED that this action be transferred immediately to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as further set out in Order. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/16/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/16/2021)

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

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30

ORDER: it is ORDERED that this action be transferred immediately to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as further set out in Order. Signed by Honorable Judge William Keith Watkins on 11/16/2021. (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.] (Entered: 11/16/2021)

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

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31

Case transferred in from District of Alabama Middle; Case Number 2:21-cv-00751. Original file certified copy of transfer order and docket sheet received. (Entered: 11/16/2021)

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

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31

Case transferred in from District of Alabama Middle; Case Number 2:21-cv-00751. Original file certified copy of transfer order and docket sheet received. (Entered: 11/16/2021)

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

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Case transferred to Northern District of Alabama; Electronically transferred via CM/ECF transfer to Clerk. (NO PDF attached to this entry) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.]

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

Case transferred to Northern District of Alabama; Electronically transferred via CM/ECF transfer to Clerk. (NO PDF attached to this entry) (am, ) [Transferred from Alabama Middle on 11/16/2021.]

Nov. 16, 2021

Nov. 16, 2021

32

NOTICE of Appearance by Misty Shawn Fairbanks Messick on behalf of John H Merrill (Messick, Misty) (Entered: 11/17/2021)

Nov. 17, 2021

Nov. 17, 2021

Clearinghouse
32

NOTICE of Appearance by Misty Shawn Fairbanks Messick on behalf of John H Merrill (Messick, Misty) (Entered: 11/17/2021)

Nov. 17, 2021

Nov. 17, 2021

Clearinghouse
33

NOTICE of Appearance by Alexander Barrett Bowdre on behalf of John H Merrill (Bowdre, Alexander) (Entered: 11/17/2021)

Nov. 17, 2021

Nov. 17, 2021

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33

NOTICE of Appearance by Alexander Barrett Bowdre on behalf of John H Merrill (Bowdre, Alexander) (Entered: 11/17/2021)

Nov. 17, 2021

Nov. 17, 2021

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34

NOTICE of Appearance by Thomas Alexander Wilson on behalf of John H Merrill (Wilson, Thomas) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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34

NOTICE of Appearance by Thomas Alexander Wilson on behalf of John H Merrill (Wilson, Thomas) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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35

NOTICE by John H Merrill Notice of Filing (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Motion for Status Conference)(Davis, James) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

1 Exhibit Motion for Status Conference

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Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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35

NOTICE by John H Merrill Notice of Filing (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Motion for Status Conference)(Davis, James) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

1 Exhibit Motion for Status Conference

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Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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36

ORDER setting deadline on response to motions in Singleton and Milligan. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11-18-2021. (TGC) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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36

ORDER setting deadline on response to motions in Singleton and Milligan. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11-18-2021. (TGC) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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37

ORDER Rule 16 Conference set for 11/23/2021 10:00 AM CST. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11-18-2021. (TGC) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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37

ORDER Rule 16 Conference set for 11/23/2021 10:00 AM CST. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11-18-2021. (TGC) (Entered: 11/18/2021)

Nov. 18, 2021

Nov. 18, 2021

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38

RESPONSE to Defendant's Motion to Consolidate filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/22/2021)

Nov. 22, 2021

Nov. 22, 2021

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38

RESPONSE to Defendant's Motion to Consolidate filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/22/2021)

Nov. 22, 2021

Nov. 22, 2021

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39

STATUS REPORT Joint by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/22/2021)

Nov. 22, 2021

Nov. 22, 2021

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39

STATUS REPORT Joint by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/22/2021)

Nov. 22, 2021

Nov. 22, 2021

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40

SCHEDULING ORDER FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION PROCEEDINGS - the following schedule is ORDERED in connection with the Plaintiffs anticipated motion for preliminary injunction: On or before DECEMBER 7, 2021, the parties shall file a joint statement of facts that are stipulated for purposes of preliminary injunction proceedings. The Plaintiffs shall file their motion for preliminary injunctive relief on or before DECEMBER 15, 2021. The Secretary shall file any objections to the Plaintiffs motion on or before DECEMBER 22, 2021. The Plaintiffs shall file any reply in support of their motions for preliminaryinjunctive relief within five days of the filing of any objection. On or before DECEMBER 10, 2021, the parties shall exchange any expertreports related to the motion for preliminary injunction.On or before DECEMBER 20, 2021, the parties shall exchange any expertrebuttal reports related to the motion for preliminary injunction. On or before DECEMBER 17, 2021, the parties shall complete all discoveryrelated to the motion for preliminary injunction, other than the filing of the expert rebuttal reports. Any other motions related to the application for preliminary injunctive relief or hearing thereof shall be filed on or before close of business on DECEMBER 17,2021. At or before 4:00 pm Central Standard Time on DECEMBER 23, 2021,the parties shall file a joint pretrial report as directed. The court SETS a hearing on the Plaintiffs motion for preliminary injunctiverelief on JANUARY 4, 2022, at 9:00 a.m. Central Standard Time in Courtroom 8 in the Hugo L. Black United States Courthouse. Within five days of the completion of the preliminary injunction hearing, theparties shall file proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law for the courtsconsideration. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11/23/2021. (KAM) (Entered: 11/23/2021)

Nov. 23, 2021

Nov. 23, 2021

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40

SCHEDULING ORDER FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION PROCEEDINGS - the following schedule is ORDERED in connection with the Plaintiffs anticipated motion for preliminary injunction: On or before DECEMBER 7, 2021, the parties shall file a joint statement of facts that are stipulated for purposes of preliminary injunction proceedings. The Plaintiffs shall file their motion for preliminary injunctive relief on or before DECEMBER 15, 2021. The Secretary shall file any objections to the Plaintiffs motion on or before DECEMBER 22, 2021. The Plaintiffs shall file any reply in support of their motions for preliminaryinjunctive relief within five days of the filing of any objection. On or before DECEMBER 10, 2021, the parties shall exchange any expertreports related to the motion for preliminary injunction.On or before DECEMBER 20, 2021, the parties shall exchange any expertrebuttal reports related to the motion for preliminary injunction. On or before DECEMBER 17, 2021, the parties shall complete all discoveryrelated to the motion for preliminary injunction, other than the filing of the expert rebuttal reports. Any other motions related to the application for preliminary injunctive relief or hearing thereof shall be filed on or before close of business on DECEMBER 17,2021. At or before 4:00 pm Central Standard Time on DECEMBER 23, 2021,the parties shall file a joint pretrial report as directed. The court SETS a hearing on the Plaintiffs motion for preliminary injunctiverelief on JANUARY 4, 2022, at 9:00 a.m. Central Standard Time in Courtroom 8 in the Hugo L. Black United States Courthouse. Within five days of the completion of the preliminary injunction hearing, theparties shall file proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law for the courtsconsideration. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 11/23/2021. (KAM) (Entered: 11/23/2021)

Nov. 23, 2021

Nov. 23, 2021

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Minute Entry for proceedings held before Circuit Judge Marcus and Judges Manasco and Moorer: Scheduling Conference held on 11/23/2021. (Court Reporter Teresa Roberson.) (FNC)

Nov. 23, 2021

Nov. 23, 2021

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Circuit Judge Marcus and Judges Manasco and Moorer: Scheduling Conference held on 11/23/2021. (Court Reporter Teresa Roberson.) (FNC)

Nov. 23, 2021

Nov. 23, 2021

41

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Olivia N. Sedwick by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/30/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

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41

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Olivia N. Sedwick by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 11/30/2021)

1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing

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Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

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42

Defendant's ANSWER to 3 Complaint, by John H Merrill.(Davis, James) (Entered: 11/30/2021)

Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

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42

Defendant's ANSWER to 3 Complaint, by John H Merrill.(Davis, James) (Entered: 11/30/2021)

Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

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PHV Fee paid: $ 75, receipt number 1126-3970045 (B4601117162). (Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/30/2021 (DNW, ).

Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

PHV Fee paid: $ 75, receipt number 1126-3970045 (B4601117162). (Rouco, Richard) Modified on 11/30/2021 (DNW, ).

Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

43

TEXT ORDER. Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave for Olivia N. Sedwick to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Doc. 41, is GRANTED. Counsel are reminded that at least one attorney for each party may be required to be physically present at every hearing and status conference. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 12/1/2021. (FNC) (Entered: 12/01/2021)

Dec. 1, 2021

Dec. 1, 2021

43

TEXT ORDER. Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave for Olivia N. Sedwick to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Doc. 41, is GRANTED. Counsel are reminded that at least one attorney for each party may be required to be physically present at every hearing and status conference. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 12/1/2021. (FNC) (Entered: 12/01/2021)

Dec. 1, 2021

Dec. 1, 2021

44

STIPULATION Joint Stipulation of Facts by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 12/07/2021)

Dec. 7, 2021

Dec. 7, 2021

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44

STIPULATION Joint Stipulation of Facts by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas. filed by Marcus Caster, Lakeisha Chestnut, Bobby Lee DeBouse, Benjamin Jones, Rodney Allen Love, Manasseh Powell, Ronald Smith, Wendell Thomas (Rouco, Richard) (Entered: 12/07/2021)

Dec. 7, 2021

Dec. 7, 2021

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45

TEXT ORDER: The parties were ordered to exchange any expert reports related to the motion for preliminary injunction on or before December 10, 2021, and to exchange any rebuttal reports related to that motion on or before December 20, 2021, Doc. 40 . In light of the preliminary injunction hearing set on January 4, 2022, the parties are ORDERED to file on or before DECEMBER 14, 2021, any expert reports exchanged, and to file on or before DECEMBER 21, 2021, any rebuttal reports exchanged. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 12/13/2021. (DNW) (Entered: 12/13/2021)

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

45

TEXT ORDER: The parties were ordered to exchange any expert reports related to the motion for preliminary injunction on or before December 10, 2021, and to exchange any rebuttal reports related to that motion on or before December 20, 2021, Doc. 40 . In light of the preliminary injunction hearing set on January 4, 2022, the parties are ORDERED to file on or before DECEMBER 14, 2021, any expert reports exchanged, and to file on or before DECEMBER 21, 2021, any rebuttal reports exchanged. Signed by Judge Anna M Manasco on 12/13/2021. (DNW) (Entered: 12/13/2021)

Dec. 13, 2021

Dec. 13, 2021

46

Unopposed MOTION for Protective Order by John H Merrill. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order)(Davis, James) (Entered: 12/14/2021)

1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order

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Dec. 14, 2021

Dec. 14, 2021

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46

Unopposed MOTION for Protective Order by John H Merrill. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order)(Davis, James) (Entered: 12/14/2021)

1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order

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Dec. 14, 2021

Dec. 14, 2021

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47

Unopposed MOTION for Protective Order (AMENDED) by John H Merrill. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order)(Davis, James) (Entered: 12/14/2021)

1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order

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Dec. 14, 2021

Dec. 14, 2021

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47

Unopposed MOTION for Protective Order (AMENDED) by John H Merrill. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order)(Davis, James) (Entered: 12/14/2021)

1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order

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Dec. 14, 2021

Dec. 14, 2021

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Case Details

State / Territory:

Alabama

Case Type(s):

Election/Voting Rights

Key Dates

Filing Date: Sept. 27, 2021

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiffs are registered voters in Alabama, residing in different congressional districts in the state.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Alabama Secretary of State, State

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Equal Protection

Other Dockets:

Northern District of Alabama 2:21-cv-01291

Supreme Court of the United States 23-00231

Supreme Court of the United States 25-00110

Northern District of Alabama 2211536

Special Case Type(s):

Three-Judge District Court

Available Documents:

Any published opinion

Complaint (any)

Findings Letter/Report

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Trial Court Docket

U.S. Supreme Court merits opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Granted:

Declaratory Judgment

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order

Source of Relief:

Litigation

Content of Injunction:

Preliminary relief granted

Redistricting

Issues

Affected Race(s):

Black

Voting:

Redistricting/district composition