Filed Date: March 24, 2025
Case Ongoing
Clearinghouse coding complete
This case is one of several challenging the Trump administration's efforts to dismantle the U.S. Department of Education. On March 24, 2025, several school districts and labor organizations filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, suing President Donald Trump, the U.S. Department of Education, and Secretary of Education Linda McMahon. The plaintiffs challenged the Trump administration's efforts to dismantle and eliminate the Department of Education, including a sweeping reduction in force and President Trump’s March 20, 2025 Executive Order, Improving Education Outcomes by Empowering Parents, States, and Communities. The complaint alleged that Defendants' actions violated the Separation of Powers, the Take Care ClauseI, and the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"). This case was assigned to Judge Myong J. Joun.
The plaintiffs included two Massachusetts school districts—Somerville and Easthampton—as well as national and regional labor organizations representing educators and school staff: the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), AFT Massachusetts, AFSCME Council 93, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Represented by Democracy Forward, the plaintiffs argued that the Executive Order and mass terminations were a deliberate and unlawful attempt to eliminate a Cabinet-level agency that Congress created by statute in 1979. The plaintiffs maintained that only Congress has the authority to create or eliminate executive agencies, and that the President’s attempt to do so by Executive Order exceeded constitutional limits and violated the APA.
Claims from the Complaint
The plaintiffs made three claims. First, the plaintiffs asserted a Separation of Powers violation, arguing that the President cannot unilaterally abolish a federal agency that Congress established by law and continues to fund annually. They cited the legislative history and statutory provisions of the act that created the Education Department, which mandate that the Department carry out specific programs—such as student loan servicing, civil rights enforcement in schools, and the implementation of IDEA. The plaintiffs argued that the Executive’s attempt to dismantle the Department, including plans to shift responsibilities to other agencies (such as moving student loan oversight to the Small Business Administration and special education to HHS), represented a fundamental breach of constitutional boundaries.
Second, the plaintiffs invoked the Take Care Clause (U.S. Const. art. II, § 3), which requires the President to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed." They argued that the Executive’s plan to shutter the Department—despite clear statutory mandates to the contrary—was not an execution of the law but an attempt to circumvent or nullify it. They emphasized that President Trump’s public statements, including directing Secretary McMahon to “put herself out of a job,” showed intent to defy Congress’s will.
Third, the plaintiffs challenged both the March 11, 2025 mass reduction in force (RIF) and the Executive Order as “final agency actions” that were arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law under the APA. They argued that the Department failed to follow proper rulemaking procedures and offered no lawful justification for terminating half its workforce—especially in light of regulations governing RIFs which prohibit using them to address performance issues, a rationale floated by the President. Moreover, the plaintiffs claimed that the firings disabled the Department’s ability to fulfill its statutory responsibilities, thus violating both the APA and the very laws the Department was supposed to enforce.
In support of these claims, the complaint presented detailed factual evidence, including public statements from President Trump and Secretary McMahon confirming their intention to dismantle the Department. It cited multiple agency memoranda, press releases, and media interviews in which Defendants characterized the RIF and Executive Order as part of a plan to abolish the agency. The complaint detailed the operational impact of these actions: the firing of the entire staff of key offices, such as the Office of Special Education Programs, Office of English Language Acquisition, and major portions of Federal Student Aid. The plaintiffs argued that this loss of institutional capacity had already disrupted critical services and will continue to harm students—especially those with disabilities, students from low-income backgrounds, and borrowers dependent on federal student aid.
To demonstrate harm, the plaintiffs provided district-level examples. Somerville Public Schools relied on federal funding for approximately 6% of its budget, about $3.5 million, including IDEA funds that supported special education teachers and paraprofessionals. Easthampton received around $800,000 in federal aid and has already faced difficulty in budgeting for summer and fall programs. Both districts reported that uncertainty about federal funds and the disappearance of Department staff who provided technical assistance has impaired their ability to make staffing and programmatic decisions. Similarly, union plaintiffs described how their members, teachers, aides, and student support professionals, depended on federal programs for salaries, training, and the provision of services to students.
The plaintiffs sought multiple forms of relief: a preliminary and permanent injunction blocking the reduction in force and implementation of the Executive Order; a declaratory judgment finding the President’s actions unlawful and unconstitutional; and attorneys’ fees and costs.
On April 1, 2025, plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction to block enforcement of President Trump’s March 20 Executive Order and the mass layoffs at the Department of Education. After briefing, a hearing was held on April 25. The court ruled in plaintiffs' favor on May 22, entering a preliminary injunction for the pendency of the litigation. It enjoined the reduction in force, and the transfer of management of federal student loans and special education functions out of the Department. The court's order required the administration to reinstate federal employees whose employment was terminated as part of the reduction in force, and to "restore the Department to the status quo such that it is able to carry out its statutory functions."
On May 22, 2025, defendants appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. The following day, they filed an emergency motion with the Court of Appeals to stay the preliminary injunction pending appeal. The appellate court denied an administrative stay and, on June 4, denied a stay pending appeal.
The case is now consolidated with State of New York v. McMahon, No. 25-1495 (1st Cir. June 4, 2025). Further updates in the appellate court can be found there.
Summary Authors
Karma Karira (5/7/2025)
Clearinghouse (5/22/2025)
Emma Vayda (6/5/2025)
State of New York v. McMahon, District of Massachusetts (2025)
For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69778837/parties/somerville-public-schools-v-trump-do-not-docket-in-this-case-all-filings/
Bardwell, Will (Massachusetts)
Bull, Gina (- United States (national) -)
Bruns, Michael Benjamin (Massachusetts)
Abelson, Dana A. (- United States (national) -)
Berman, Steve W. (- United States (national) -)
Bardwell, Will (Massachusetts)
Bull, Gina (- United States (national) -)
Carpenter, Caityn Babington (- United States (national) -)
Chin, Elleanor H. (- United States (national) -)
Choi, Lucia (- United States (national) -)
Coates, Spencer Wade (- United States (national) -)
Crawford, Haleigh (- United States (national) -)
Day, David Dana (- United States (national) -)
Dirks, Katherine B. (- United States (national) -)
Ehler, Karyn L. (- United States (national) -)
Fernandes, Kalikoonalani Diara (- United States (national) -)
Flynn, Elizabeth C. (- United States (national) -)
Garrett, Clinten N. (- United States (national) -)
Gibson, Charlotte (- United States (national) -)
Giovanatti, Neil (- United States (national) -)
Goldstein, Elena (Massachusetts)
Gradowski, Kathryn (- United States (national) -)
Grieco, Matthew William (- United States (national) -)
Halloran, Kathleen Ann (- United States (national) -)
Homer, Rachel F. (Massachusetts)
Hunger, Sarah A. (- United States (national) -)
Hyman, Nathaniel J. (- United States (national) -)
Jamieson, Keith (- United States (national) -)
Kassab, Vanessa L. (- United States (national) -)
Koch, Robert A. (- United States (national) -)
Kramer, Elizabeth C. (- United States (national) -)
Liston, Ian R. (- United States (national) -)
Lumelsky, Anna Esther (- United States (national) -)
Magenis, Sean D. (- United States (national) -)
Mendrala, Andrew C. (- United States (national) -)
Morejon, Amanda I. (- United States (national) -)
Moskowitz, David (- United States (national) -)
Muqaddam, Rabia (- United States (national) -)
Murdukhayeva, Ester (- United States (national) -)
Newman, Michael Louis (- United States (national) -)
Nugent, Victoria S. (Massachusetts)
Palmer, Jessica L. (- United States (national) -)
Rayner, Ewan Christopher (- United States (national) -)
Reyes, Natasha Adriana (- United States (national) -)
Richie, Joseph Robert (- United States (national) -)
Ring, Patrick (- United States (national) -)
Roberts, Katharine M. (- United States (national) -)
Rose, Jonathan T. (- United States (national) -)
Salmon, Leigh (- United States (national) -)
Schellenberg, Kali J. (Massachusetts)
Sepe, Cristina (- United States (national) -)
Shavit, Yael (- United States (national) -)
Simon, Andrew (- United States (national) -)
Skold, Michael Kenneth (- United States (national) -)
Srividya, Panchalam Seshan (- United States (national) -)
Bruns, Michael Benjamin (Massachusetts)
Farquhar, Rayford A. (Massachusetts)
Freeman, Mark R. (- United States (national) -)
George, Abraham R. (- United States (national) -)
Lockhart, Donald Campbell (- United States (national) -)
McArthur, Eric Dean (- United States (national) -)
Myers, Steven A. (- United States (national) -)
Abelson, Dana A. (- United States (national) -)
Berman, Steve W. (- United States (national) -)
Engelen, Breanna Van (- United States (national) -)
Grant, John (- United States (national) -)
Melanson, Raffi (- United States (national) -)
Pershing, Abigail (- United States (national) -)
Stern, Heidi Parry (- United States (national) -)
See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69778837/somerville-public-schools-v-trump-do-not-docket-in-this-case-all-filings/
Last updated Sept. 5, 2025, 7:11 p.m.
State / Territory: Massachusetts
Case Type(s):
Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority
Special Collection(s):
Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government
Key Dates
Filing Date: March 24, 2025
Case Ongoing: Yes
Plaintiffs
Plaintiff Description:
Somerville Public Schools, Easthampton Public Schools, American Federation of Teachers (AFT), AFT Massachusetts, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Council 93, American Association of University Professors (AAUP), and Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Public school districts and national and state-level labor unions representing educators, education workers, and academic professionals.
Plaintiff Type(s):
Non-profit NON-religious organization
Attorney Organizations:
Public Interest Lawyer: Yes
Filed Pro Se: No
Class Action Sought: No
Class Action Outcome: Not sought
Defendants
United States of America (- United States (national) -), Federal
Department of Education (- United States (national) -), Federal
Defendant Type(s):
Case Details
Causes of Action:
Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.
Constitutional Clause(s):
Available Documents:
Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief
Outcome
Prevailing Party: None Yet / None
Nature of Relief:
Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order
Source of Relief:
Content of Injunction:
Other requirements regarding hiring, promotion, retention
Order Duration: 2025 - None
Issues
General/Misc.:
Public benefits (includes, e.g., in-state tuition, govt. jobs)