Case: United States v. State of Hawaii

1:25-cv-00179 | U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii

Filed Date: April 30, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

On April 30, 2025, the United States filed this lawsuit against Hawai'i, its Governor, and its Attorney General in the United States District Court for the District of Hawai'i. The DOJ brought this action after it learned that the state of Hawai'i had plans to bring a lawsuit against fossil fuel companies to hold them liable for their contribution to climate change and its effects. The DOJ argued that such a lawsuit was pre-empted by the Clean Air Act and the federal government's control over f…

On April 30, 2025, the United States filed this lawsuit against Hawai'i, its Governor, and its Attorney General in the United States District Court for the District of Hawai'i. The DOJ brought this action after it learned that the state of Hawai'i had plans to bring a lawsuit against fossil fuel companies to hold them liable for their contribution to climate change and its effects. The DOJ argued that such a lawsuit was pre-empted by the Clean Air Act and the federal government's control over foreign affairs, that it would constitute unconstitutional regulation by a state of territory outside the state, and that it would violate the Interstate Commerce and Foreign Commerce Clauses. Specifically, the DOJ argued that through the Clean Air Act, the Congress anointed the federal EPA as the regulator of greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore, under the Supremacy Clause, states were pre-empted from regulating greenhouse gas emissions through state law. The DOJ asked the court to declare that Hawai'i's state law claims were unconstitutional, and to permanently enjoin Hawai'i from taking actions to assert Hawai'i's state law claims.

Despite this lawsuit, Hawai'i went ahead with its climate change lawsuit the next day, May 1, in the Circuit Court for the First Circuit of Hawai'i, naming seven fossil fuel companies as defendants. State of Hawai‘i v. BP p.l.c., No. 1CCV-25-0000717 (Haw. Cir. Ct. filed May 1, 2025). Hawai'i brought state claims of negligence, public nuisance, private nuisance, trespass, harm to public trust resources, civil aiding and abetting, unfair or deceptive acts or practices, and strict liability for failure to warn. The State argued that the fossil fuel companies had known for decades about the harmful effects of fossil fuel emissions, and to protect their businesses, "mounted a decades-long campaign of deception to discredit the scientific consensus on climate change; create doubt in the minds of consumers, the media, business leaders, and the public about the climate change impacts of burning fossil fuels; and delay the energy economy's transition to a lower-carbon future while maximizing their own profits."

On June 17, in the First Circuit of Hawai'i, Defendants filed a motion to stay proceedings pending resolution of their action against the State in the District Court. 

The case is ongoing.

Summary Authors

Scott Shuchart (5/8/2025)

Emma Vayda (7/16/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70017206/parties/united-states-v-state-of-hawaii/


Judge(s)

Gillmor, Helen W. (Hawaii)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Heminger, Justin D. (Hawaii)

Attorney for Defendant

Carpenter, Caitlyn B. (Hawaii)

Chun, Lauren K. (Hawaii)

Fernandes, Kalikoonalani Diara (Hawaii)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

1CCV-25-0000717

Docket

State of Hawai;i v. BP P.L.C. et al.

Hawaii state trial court

May 8, 2025

May 8, 2025

Docket
1

1:25-cv-00179

Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief

United States of America v. State of Hawaii

April 30, 2025

April 30, 2025

Complaint

Resources

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70017206/united-states-v-state-of-hawaii/

Last updated Aug. 21, 2025, 6:03 p.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against All Defendants, filed by United States of America. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 04/30/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

View on PACER

April 30, 2025

April 30, 2025

Clearinghouse
2

NOTICE of Case Assignment: Please reflect Civil case number CV 25-00179 HG-WRP on all further pleadings. (eta) (Entered: 05/01/2025)

May 1, 2025

May 1, 2025

PACER
3

Order Setting Telephonic Rule 16 Scheduling Conference is set for 09:00AM on 6/30/2025 before MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER - Signed by CHIEF JUDGE DERRICK K. WATSON on 5/1/2025. ATTACH THE SCHEDULING ORDER TO THE INITIATING DOCUMENT (COMPLAINT/NOTICE OF REMOVAL). THE SCHEDULING ORDER MUST BE SERVED WITH THE DOCUMENT. (eta) (Entered: 05/01/2025)

May 1, 2025

May 1, 2025

PACER
4

CIVIL Waiver of Service Packet ~ Notice to Parties Regarding Service Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Attachments: # 1 AO 398 Notice of a Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons, # 2 AO 399 Waiver of the Service of Summons)(eta) (Entered: 05/01/2025)

May 1, 2025

May 1, 2025

PACER
5

EO: In order to allow time for service of the Complaint, the Court CONTINUES the Telephonic Rule 16 Scheduling Conference from 6/30/2025 to 8/12/2025 at 8:30 AM before MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER via Zoom: Dial in number: 1-833-568-8864; Meeting ID: 161 0084 2470. (MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER)(wrp1) (Entered: 05/19/2025)

May 19, 2025

May 19, 2025

PACER
10

Summons Issued as to Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii. (Attachments: # 1 Issued Summons to Joshua Booth Green, M.D. c/o Anne E. Lopez, # 2 Issued Summons as to Joshua Booth Green, M.D., # 3 Issued Summons as to State of Hawaii c/o Anne E. Lopez)(cib) (Entered: 05/22/2025)

May 22, 2025

May 22, 2025

PACER
6

Summons (Proposed) (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 05/22/2025)

May 22, 2025

May 22, 2025

PACER
7

Summons (Proposed) (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 05/22/2025)

May 22, 2025

May 22, 2025

PACER
8

Summons (Proposed) (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 05/22/2025)

May 22, 2025

May 22, 2025

PACER
9

Summons (Proposed) (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 05/22/2025)

May 22, 2025

May 22, 2025

PACER
11

SUMMONS Returned Executed by United States of America. Anne E. Lopez served on 5/30/2025. (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
12

SUMMONS Returned Executed by United States of America. Joshua Booth Green served on 6/2/2025. (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
13

SUMMONS Returned Executed by United States of America. Joshua Booth Green served on 5/30/2025. (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
14

SUMMONS Returned Executed by United States of America. State of Hawaii served on 5/30/2025. (Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
15

Request for Entry of Default by United States of America. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Certificate of Service)(Heminger, Justin) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
16

NOTICE of Appearance by Lauren K. Chun on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii. (Chun, Lauren) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
17

NOTICE of Appearance by Thomas J. Hughes on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii. (Hughes, Thomas) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
18

NOTICE of Appearance by Caitlyn B. Carpenter on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii. (Carpenter, Caitlyn) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
19

Defendants' ANSWER to 1 Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief by Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii.(Hughes, Thomas) (Entered: 06/30/2025)

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2025

PACER
20

EO: The Court reviewed 15 the Government's Request for Clerk to Enter Default Against Defendants (Request). According to the Request, State Defendants "have failed to appear or otherwise defend." However, the same day the Request was filed, attorneys for State Defendants appeared and filed an 19 Answer to the Complaint. In light of State Defendants' response to the complaint, albeit untimely, the Court DENIES 15 the Government's Request for Entry of Default. See Jennings v. Cnty. of Riverside, No. 5:19-01523 JFW (ADS), 2022 WL 19829433, at *1 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 31, 2022) ("Default may not be entered once a defendant has filed an answer." (citations omitted)); Thomas v. Mark Kuo, 2017 WL 3720752, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 29, 2017) ("[I]n light of the late answer, entry of default is inappropriate."). (MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER) (jo) (Entered: 07/03/2025)

July 3, 2025

July 3, 2025

PACER
21

NOTICE of Appearance by Kalikoonalani Diara Fernandes on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii on behalf of Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(Fernandes, Kalikoonalani) (Entered: 07/25/2025)

July 25, 2025

July 25, 2025

PACER
22

MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings Kalikoonalani Diara Fernandes appearing for Defendants Joshua Booth Green, Anne E. Lopez, State of Hawaii (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support of Motion, # 2 Appendix A, # 3 Appendix B, # 4 Certificate of Service)(Fernandes, Kalikoonalani) (Entered: 07/25/2025)

1 Memorandum in Support of Motion

View on RECAP

2 Appendix A

View on PACER

3 Appendix B

View on PACER

4 Certificate of Service

View on PACER

July 25, 2025

July 25, 2025

PACER
23

EO: On July 25, 2025, Defendants State of Hawaii, Joshua Booth Green, and Anne E. Lopez filed:MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS. (ECF No. 22 ).Plaintiff shall file an Opposition on or before Monday, August 25, 2025.Defendants shall file a Reply on or before Monday, September 15, 2025.The Court will notify the parties in due course whether a hearing on the matter will be held in court, by video conference, or by telephone conference, or whether the matter will be decided without a hearing pursuant to District of Hawaii Local Rule 7.1(c). (SENIOR JUDGE HELEN GILLMOR)(rls) (Entered: 07/28/2025)

July 28, 2025

July 28, 2025

RECAP
24

EO: In light of 22 Defendants' Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings, the Court CONTINUES the Telephonic Rule 16 Scheduling Conference from 8/12/2025 to 11/4/2025 at 9:30 AM before MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER via Zoom: Dial in number: 1-833-568-8864; Meeting ID: 161 0084 2470. (MAGISTRATE JUDGE WES REBER PORTER) (jo) (Entered: 07/29/2025)

July 29, 2025

July 29, 2025

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: Hawaii

Case Type(s):

Environmental Justice

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations Involving the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: April 30, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

United States

Plaintiff Type(s):

U.S. Dept of Justice plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

State of Hawai'i, State

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2201

All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651

Constitutional Clause(s):

Commerce Power

Supremacy Clause

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Nature of Relief:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

General/Misc.:

Other