Case: A.M. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security

3:25-cv-02308 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California

Filed Date: Sept. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenges the Department of Homeland Security’s practice of arresting and re-detaining asylum seekers at the San Diego Immigration Court after they have been released on bond, parole, or recognizance. On September 4, 2025, two asylum seekers—A.M. and C.L.V.—filed this class action lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) in the U.S. District Court for the Sout…

This case challenges the Department of Homeland Security’s practice of arresting and re-detaining asylum seekers at the San Diego Immigration Court after they have been released on bond, parole, or recognizance.

On September 4, 2025, two asylum seekers—A.M. and C.L.V.—filed this class action lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. Represented by Singleton Schreiber LLP, the plaintiffs brought this suit on behalf of all noncitizens released from ICE custody in San Diego who have been, or will be, re-arrested by ICE at immigration courthouses.

The plaintiffs alleged that ICE’s courthouse arrests and subsequent re-detentions violate the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Specifically, they argued that the government’s policy and practice are “arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law” under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)–(C) because they disregard ICE’s own release determinations and the INA’s procedural safeguards for detention. The complaint contends that ICE lacks statutory authority to re-arrest individuals previously released by defendants absent new findings of dangerousness or flight risk, and that these re-arrests occur without notice, a hearing, or changed circumstances, depriving individuals of their liberty in violation of due process.

The plaintiffs further alleged that the policy undermines the functioning of the immigration court system by chilling attendance at court hearings, interfering with access to counsel, and impeding the exercise of statutory and constitutional rights to seek relief from removal. They emphasized that the practice effectively punishes asylum seekers for complying with their legal obligations to appear in court.

The complaint asserted eight claims for relief: seven under the APA challenging the arrests as unlawful, ultra vires, and constitutionally infirm, and one direct Fifth Amendment substantive due process claim challenging the re-detentions as arbitrary deprivations of liberty. The plaintiffs sought declaratory and injunctive relief to prohibit ICE from making courthouse arrests and to vacate all related agency directives and practices. They also asked the court to certify a class of all noncitizens in San Diego County who are or will be subject to ICE re-arrests at immigration court.

According to the complaint, DHS’s policy has caused irreparable harm by deterring asylum seekers from attending immigration court hearings, subjecting individuals with no criminal history to sudden and traumatic re-detention, and severely disrupting their asylum proceedings by forcing them to restart lengthy application processes, delaying work authorization, family reunification, and other protections to which they are entitled.

On the same day the complaint was filed, the plaintiffs submitted a Notice of Related Case identifying A.M. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement et al., Case No. 3:25-cv-01412 (S.D. Cal.), as a related action. That earlier case, filed by A.M. individually on June 4, 2025, also challenges the legality of his civil immigration arrest at the San Diego Immigration Court. The notice explained that both actions raise the same central question—whether DHS and ICE may lawfully conduct civil immigration arrests of asylum seekers at the San Diego Immigration Court after their release on bond or parole—and involve overlapping defendants and factual circumstances. The plaintiffs argued that assigning the two cases to a single judge would promote judicial efficiency and consistent adjudication of the issues.

Originally the case was assigned to Judge Andrew G. Schopler, but later it was reassigned to Judge Jinsook Ohta on September 17.

The case remains ongoing.

Summary Authors

Claire Pollard (9/6/2025)

Jack Buckfire (10/23/2025)

Related Cases

A.M. v. Larose, Southern District of California (2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71273161/parties/am-v-us-department-of-homeland-security/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Bluth, Andrew Daniel (California)

Hutchison, Kimberly Sue (California)

Attorney for Defendant

CV, U S (California)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
2

3:25-cv-02308

Notice of Related Case

A.M. et al. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security et al.

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief
1

3:25-cv-02308

Class Action Complaint for Declaratory and Other Relief

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Complaint
13

3:25-cv-02308

Plaintiff C.L.V.'s Status Update Concerning Removal Proceedings

A.M. et al. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security et al.

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71273161/am-v-us-department-of-homeland-security/

Last updated Oct. 29, 2025, 1:14 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT Against Jason Aguilar, Sidney Aki, Pamela Bondi, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Kristi Noem, Sirce E. Owen, Gregory J. Archambeault, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Does 1 through 20 (Filing fee $405.00 receipt number ACASDC-20253775.), filed by A.M., C.L.V. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)The new case number is 3:25-cv-2308-AGS-AHG. Judge Andrew G. Schopler and Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard are assigned to the case. (Hutchison, Kimberly)(ggv)(jrd) (Entered: 09/04/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

View on PACER

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Clearinghouse
2

NOTICE OF RELATED CASE(S) by A.M., C.L.V. of case(s) 25cv1412-JO-AHG. (ggv) (Entered: 09/04/2025)

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Clearinghouse
3

Summons Issued. Counsel receiving this notice electronically should print this summons and serve it in accordance with Rule 4, Fed.R.Civ.P and LR 4.1. (ggv) (Entered: 09/04/2025)

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

PACER
4

MOTION To Proceed Under Pseudonyms by A.M., C.L.V.. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (mef). (Entered: 09/04/2025)

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

PACER
5

ORDER OF TRANSFER. District Judge Andrew G. Schopler is no longer assigned. Case reassigned to Judge Jinsook Ohta for all further proceedings. The new case number is 25cv2308-JO-AHG. Signed by District Judge Andrew G. Schopler on 09/08/2025.(mef) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER
6

Minute Order by Judge Jinsook Ohta: On September 4, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a class action complaint alleging that Defendants had committed statutory and constitutional violations against the proposed class. Specifically, Plaintiffs alleged that one of the proposed class representatives, C.L.V., had his section 240 proceedings dismissed in May 2025, and has been detained at Otay Mesa Detention Center since, despite participating in a credible fear interview. Defendants are ordered to provide a status update to the court regarding the date that C.L.V. received a credible fear interview, the outcome of his credible fear interview, as well as the procedural posture of C.L.V.'s immigration case/s, by 5pm on Friday, September 19, 2025. Signed by Judge Jinsook Ohta on September 17, 2025. (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER

Minute Order (No Time)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER
7

Minute Order by Judge Jinsook Ohta: re 4 MOTION To Proceed Under Pseudonyms filed by A.M., C.L.V. Plaintiffs filed a motion requesting to proceed under pseudonyms, specifically with the initials "A.M." and "C.L.V." instead of their full names, citing their safety concerns and fear of retaliation as political activists seeking asylum in this country. Dkt. 4. Proceeding under pseudonym is appropriate in "unusual case[s]" where nondisclosure of the party's identity "is necessary... to protect a person from harassment, injury, ridicule or personal embarrassment." Does I Thru XXIII v. Advanced Textile Corp ., 214 F.3d 1058, 1067-68 (9th Cir. 2000) (alteration in original) (quoting United States v. Doe, 655 F.2d 920, 922 n.1 (9th Cir. 1981)). Where a party seeks to proceed pseudonymously on the basis of retaliatory harm, "a district court must balance five factors: '(1) the severity of the threatened harm, (2) the reasonableness of the anonymous party's fears,... (3) the anonymous party's vulnerability to such retaliation,' (4) the prejudice to the opposing party, and (5) the public interest." Doe v. Kamehameha Schs./Bernice Pauahi Bishop Est., 596 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir. 2010). Petitioner has demonstrated this is an "unusual case" where nondisclosure of the party's identity "is necessary... to protect a person from harassment, injury, ridicule or personal embarrassment." Does I Thru XXIII., 214 F.3d 1058, 1067-68.Here, Plaintiffs have established reasonable grounds to fear such retaliatory harm. They allege that they are facing deportation to countries where they have faced persecution and torture. Dkt. 1, par. 1, 3-4, 19, 20; Dkt. 4. Plaintiffs concerns for their safety if deported would be amplified if their identifying information were to be disclosed to the public and their respective countrys authorities knew they sought asylum. Dkt. 4; Kamehameha Schools, 596 F.3d at 1043 (Threats of physical harm "present[ ] the paradigmatic case for allowing anonymity."). The Ninth Circuit and district courts have recognized retaliation from a foreign government as a sufficient basis to proceed anonymously. Does I thru XXIII, 214 F.3d at 1063 (considering possible retaliation by the Chinese government against Chinese national plaintiffs residing in Saipan and their family members residing in China as supporting the use of pseudonyms); Al Otro Lado, Inc. v. Nielsen, No. 17-CV-02366-BAS-KSC, 2017 WL 6541446, at *8 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2017) (granting plaintiffs' requests to proceed pseudonymously considering their identity was not central to the legal merits of their asylum claim).Based on the Court's review of the severity of the harm, the reasonableness of Plaintiffs' proffered fears, and Plaintiffs' vulnerability to retaliation, the Court finds that the need for anonymity in this case outweighs countervailing considerations of potential prejudice to Defendants. See Kamehameha Schools, 596 F.3d at 1042. The Court also finds that revealing the identity of Plaintiffs would not advance the public's understanding of these legal proceedings. For these reasons, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs' motion to proceed pseudonymously. Signed by Judge Jinsook Ohta on September 23, 2025. (Entered: 09/23/2025)

Sept. 23, 2025

Sept. 23, 2025

PACER

Minute Order (No Time)

Sept. 23, 2025

Sept. 23, 2025

PACER
10

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Pamela Bondi served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (dim). (Entered: 10/02/2025)

Oct. 2, 2025

Oct. 2, 2025

PACER
11

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Executive Office for Immigration Review served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (dim). (Entered: 10/02/2025)

Oct. 2, 2025

Oct. 2, 2025

PACER
12

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Sirce E. Owen served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (dim). (Entered: 10/02/2025)

Oct. 2, 2025

Oct. 2, 2025

PACER
8

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Jason Aguilar served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (dim). (Entered: 10/02/2025)

Oct. 2, 2025

Oct. 2, 2025

PACER
9

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Gregory J. Archambeault served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (dim). (Entered: 10/02/2025)

Oct. 2, 2025

Oct. 2, 2025

PACER
13

NOTICE re Status Update Concerning Removal Proceedings by A.M., C.L.V. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (Entered: 10/14/2025)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

Clearinghouse
14

Minute Order by Judge Jinsook Ohta: The Court sets a status conference for October 17, 2025 at 9:30 a.m. to discuss the status of service on the named Defendants U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Kristi Noem, U.S. Immigration and Customers Enforcement, Todd Lyons, and Sidney Aki, as well as service on the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California by a method prescribed in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i)(1) and (2). Counsel may appear in person or by video teleconference. The courtroom deputy will provide the videoconference information prior to the hearing. Parties may contact chambers if they are unable to appear on this date. Signed by Judge Jinsook Ohta on 10/14/2025. (mk) (Entered: 10/14/2025)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

PACER
15

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Kristi Noem served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (Entered: 10/14/2025)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

PACER
16

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. Todd Lyons served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (Entered: 10/14/2025)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

PACER
17

SUMMONS Returned Executed by C.L.V., A.M.. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement served. (Hutchison, Kimberly) (Entered: 10/14/2025)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

PACER

Minute Order (No Time)

Oct. 14, 2025

Oct. 14, 2025

PACER

Status Conference

Oct. 17, 2025

Oct. 17, 2025

PACER

Minute Order (No Time)

Oct. 17, 2025

Oct. 17, 2025

PACER
20

Declaration

Oct. 21, 2025

Oct. 21, 2025

PACER
21

Notice of Appearance

Oct. 22, 2025

Oct. 22, 2025

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: California

Case Type(s):

Immigration and/or the Border

Special Collection(s):

Trump 1.0 & 2.0 Immigration Enforcement Order Challenges

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: Sept. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiffs consist of asylum seekers, A.M. and C.L.V., who filed this action on behalf of a proposed class of noncitizens in San Diego who have been, or will be, re-arrested by ICE at immigration courthouses after being released on bond, parole, or recognizance.

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Pending

Defendants

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2201

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Nature of Relief:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Immigration/Border:

Asylum - procedure

Constitutional rights

Deportation - procedure

Detention - procedures

Employment

Family Separation

Visas - procedures

Work authorization - procedures

Jails, Prisons, Detention Centers, and Other Institutions:

Confinement/isolation

Crowding (General)

Over/Unlawful Detention (facilities)

Placement in detention facilities