Case: Pigford v. Glickman

1:97-cv-01978 | U.S. District Court for the District of District of Columbia

Filed Date: Aug. 28, 1997

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

On August 28, 1997, three African-American farmers, on behalf of a putative class of 641 African-American farmers, filed a lawsuit against the United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act ("ECOA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1691, and the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"), 5 U.S.C. § 551. The plaintiffs, represented by private counsel, asked the court for declaratory and monetary relief, alleging that both the USDA and county officials to whom the USDA delegated a…

The plaintiffs challenged a history of discrimination in the USDA's farm lending programs and benefits programs, a history that led to a dramatic decline in the number of African-American farmers in America. The USDA administers billions of dollars in farm loans and guarantees each year. It has delegated authority to approve or deny loan and benefit applications to county committees elected by local farmers and ranchers. Under one percent of the commissioners nationwide were African American. The plaintiffs alleged that the county commissions either denied them loans because of their race or made it much more difficult for them to obtain credit than similarly situated white farmers. This problem was compounded by the fact that the USDA disbanded its Office of Civil Rights in 1983, and therefore stopped responding to African-American farmers' claims of discrimination. A USDA-sponsored investigation conducted in 1997 revealed that the USDA had a large backlog of uninvestigated complaints. Because of the USDA's policies and practices, many African Americans lost their farms to foreclosure and had to leave farming. Others were able to continue farming, but suffered the consequences of institutional discrimination. The plaintiffs brought their fair lending claims under the ECOA and alleged that the discriminatory provision of non-lending benefits, such as disaster relief benefits, violated the APA.

Ultimately, the District Court (Judge Paul L. Friedman) approved a consent decree on April 14, 1999. Pigford v. Glickman, 182 F.R.D. 82 (D.D.C. 1998). The Consent Decree covered a class of all African-American farmers who farmed or attempted to farm between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1996, applied for a farm loan or USDA benefit program, believe they were discriminated against on the basis of their race, and filed a complaint on or before July 1, 1997. Class members could either opt out of the Consent Decree or resolve individual claims pursue one of two settlement tracks. The settlement tracks allowed for out-of-court adjudication of individuals' claims. Class members could have elected to submit "substantial evidence" that they were victims of discrimination and receive a capped settlement amount under Track A of the Consent Decree. Class members with better-documented claims of discrimination could have elected to pursue Track B, which entitled them to a one-day trial in front of an arbitrator. Track B was only available to farmers with ECOA claims; it was not available to farmers who only brought claims under the APA relating to discrimination in the distribution of non-credit benefits. A court-appointed monitor (Randi Roth) oversaw the implementation of the Consent Decree.

Track A of the Consent Decree was designed for the large majority of the class. As the District Court recognized, many of the class members lacked the type of documentation of the USDA's discrimination necessary to meet a preponderance of the evidence standard. This was in part due to the USDA's failure in processing discrimination complaints from farmers. Track A participants could prove that they submitted a complaint to the USDA by providing documents demonstrating that they complained directly to the USDA, to a member of Congress, to the White House, or to a government official who forwarded to complaint to the USDA. Class members who did not have such documentation could submit an affidavit from a non-family member which, based on personal knowledge, described the way in which the class member lodged a complaint.

To receive relief under Track A, class members claiming ECOA violations needed to prove that they owned or leased land or attempted to own or lease land, that they applied for USDA credit at a county office between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1996, that the USDA discriminated against them by denying the loan or providing it on less favorable terms than similarly situated white farmers, and that they were harmed by the discriminatory treatment. Class members claiming discriminatory denial of benefits in violation of the APA needed to prove that they applied for a benefit program between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1996 and that the request was denied or provided on less favorable terms than similarly situated white farmers received.

Track A claims were to be resolved within 110 days of the filing date. The claimant submitted the application to a facilitator, to whom the USDA could also submit information on damages and liability. The facilitator then submitted a recommendation to an arbitrator who was to issue a decision. The arbitrator's decision was final, unless a Court-appointed monitor determined a clear and manifest error occurred. Claimants that submitted successful claims received a $50,000 cash payment, forgiveness of all debt owed to the USDA stemming from a program upon which their claim was based, a tax payment equivalent to a quarter of the total debt forgives and cash payment, immediate termination of any USDA-initiated foreclosure proceedings, and one-time consideration for a priority loan.

Under Track B, claimants with more documentation could choose to litigate their claims in mini-trials. Claimants who unsuccessfully pursued a remedy under Track B were ineligible to receive Track A benefits. Class members seeking damages under Track B could have chosen to be represented by class counsel or counsel of their choice. Claimants opting in to Track B were able to conduct limited discovery, including depositions, for 180 days before a one-day mini-trial. Following the trial, in which class members had to demonstrate that they were the victim of lending discrimination and suffered damages from the discrimination by a preponderance of the evidence, an arbitrator issued a decision within sixty days. Successful claimants under Track B were entitled to actual damages as well as priority consideration for loans. As with Track A, the decision of the arbitrator was final unless the Court appointed monitor found that "a clear and manifest error" had occurred and that the error was "likely to result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice."

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (Judges Judith W. Rogers, David B. Sentelle, and David S. Tatel) affirmed the District Court's approval of the Consent Decree. Pigford v. Glickman, 206 F.3d 1212 (D.C. Cir. 2000).

A number of factors led to the parties entering the Consent Decree. Shortly after the complaint was filed in 1997, a number of farmers sought to intervene in the case. Class counsel added those farmers as named plaintiffs, and allowed their attorneys to join as class counsel on the condition that they would only seek attorneys' fees through statutory fee-shifting provisions and would not bill the individual farmers or take a contingency fee. On October 9, 1998, the District Court (Judge Paul L. Friedman) certified a class of plaintiffs. Pigford v. Glickman, 182 F.R.D. 341 (D.D.C. 1998). On October 21, 1998, President Clinton signed into law a bill waiving ECOA's statute of limitations for farmers that filed a discrimination complaint with the USDA between January 1, 1981 and July 1, 1997. Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1999P.L. 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681, §741. This bill mooted the USDA's statute of limitations defense. The plaintiffs filed a Seventh Amended Complaint on October 26, 1998.

In January 1999, the parties filed a joint motion to consolidate the Pigford case with Brewington v. Glickman, Case No. 98-1693. The allegations in the Brewington complaint tracked those in the original Pigford complaint, but were made on behalf of farmers who filed discrimination complaints with the USDA after February 21, 1997 and before July 7, 1998. The parties also jointly moved to expand the class definition to reflect the addition of the Brewington class members, and filed a motion for preliminary approval of a proposed Consent Decree along with a notice to class members. The court approved each request, and scheduled a fairness hearing for March 2, 1999. After hearing objections, the Court approved the final Consent Decree on April 14, 1999.

Following the entry of the consent decree, various class members continued to litigate issues specific to the Consent Decree and attorneys fees. Parties were still filing papers with the court through 2014. As of April 1, 2012, 15,645 out of 22,552 Track A claimants prevailed in their claims. Approximately 169 claimants elected to pursue Track B, of which 104 prevailed or reached a class settlement. The federal government paid a total of $1.05 billion to prevailing Track A and Track B claimants. A large number of farmers filed claims after the Consent Decree's deadline. The Consent Decree required claimants to submit claims by October 12, 1999. The court (Judge Paul L. Friedman) provided the arbitrator with the discretion to extend the filing deadline until September 15, 2000 for farmers who missed the deadline because of extraordinary circumstances. Farmers who could not participate in the Consent Decree are the subject of subsequent litigation, In re Black Farmer's Litigation.

The case now appears to be closed, though the court retained jurisdiction over the consent decree's implementation.

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Summary Authors

Benjamin Clark (2/23/2013)

Virginia Weeks (11/13/2017)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4215043/parties/pigford-v-veneman/

Judge(s)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Adams, Russell W. (District of Columbia)

Adelman, Roger M. (District of Columbia)

Ahmad, Aamra S. (District of Columbia)

Ambinder, Lloyd Robert (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

ALLEN, ADAM J. (District of Columbia)

Judge(s)

Friedman, Paul L. (District of Columbia)

Ginsburg, Douglas Howard (District of Columbia)

Henderson, Karen LeCraft (District of Columbia)

Robertson, James (District of Columbia)

Rogers, Judith Ann Wilson (District of Columbia)

Sentelle, David Bryan (District of Columbia)

Tatel, David S. (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Adams, Russell W. (District of Columbia)

Adelman, Roger M. (District of Columbia)

Ahmad, Aamra S. (District of Columbia)

Ambinder, Lloyd Robert (District of Columbia)

Amunson, Jessica Ring (District of Columbia)

Apfel, Matthew S. (District of Columbia)

Apfel, Carrie F (District of Columbia)

ATCHINSON, BERNICE C. (District of Columbia)

Bailey, Kenneth Camp (District of Columbia)

BARRETT, PATRICK (District of Columbia)

Barthelette, Gregory R. (District of Columbia)

Barton, Robert Joseph (District of Columbia)

Bell, David E. (District of Columbia)

Benett, Megan Wolfe (District of Columbia)

Berman, Steve W. (District of Columbia)

Bernstein, Jules (District of Columbia)

Berry, Robert Stephen (District of Columbia)

Black, Charles Allen (District of Columbia)

Bloch, Scott J. (District of Columbia)

Bond, Ferris Ridgely (District of Columbia)

Bonin, Adam C. (District of Columbia)

Borden, Bennett B. (District of Columbia)

Bowens, Stephon J (North Carolina)

Bowman, Theresa Brownell (District of Columbia)

BRADICK, NICOLE L. (District of Columbia)

Branch, David A (District of Columbia)

Braun, Robert Abraham (District of Columbia)

Bravin, Mark Neil (District of Columbia)

BRODERICK, R. GEOFFREY (District of Columbia)

Brody, Michael T. (District of Columbia)

Bruskin, Robert Mark (District of Columbia)

Buchanan, Avis E. (District of Columbia)

Burbridge, Richard D. (District of Columbia)

Burnim, Ira A. (District of Columbia)

BURRELL, THOMAS (District of Columbia)

CABRASER, ELIZABETH J. (District of Columbia)

Cambs, Peter J. (District of Columbia)

Carroll, Kelly A. (District of Columbia)

Celestin, Jenny (District of Columbia)

Cheek, Marney L. (District of Columbia)

Chestnut, J. L. Jr. (Alabama)

Chew, Benjamin G. (District of Columbia)

Claiborne, William Charles (District of Columbia)

Clarke, Kay M. (District of Columbia)

Clifford, John M (District of Columbia)

Cohen, Daniel Eric (District of Columbia)

Coleman, Llezlie Green (District of Columbia)

Collingsworth, Terrence P. (District of Columbia)

Collingsworth, Terry (District of Columbia)

Cook, David J. (District of Columbia)

CORBITT, CRAIG C. (District of Columbia)

COVINGTON, TROY R (District of Columbia)

Cowan, Robert W. (District of Columbia)

CRAWFORD, BRYAN L. (District of Columbia)

Creighton, Emily (District of Columbia)

Cross, Othello C. (Arkansas)

Crow, Melissa E. (District of Columbia)

Cunningham, Lynn E. (District of Columbia)

Dalmat, Darin Matthew (District of Columbia)

Day, Charles Williamson (District of Columbia)

DeLange, Timothy Alan (District of Columbia)

Deso, Robert Edward (District of Columbia)

Dessel, Lisa J. (District of Columbia)

Dickens, David J. (District of Columbia)

Doan, Joshua A (District of Columbia)

Donahue, Patrick M. (District of Columbia)

Dovalina, Jesus M. (District of Columbia)

Dowden, William Coleman (District of Columbia)

Dowdy, William Harold (North Carolina)

Drennan, Joseph Peter (District of Columbia)

Dugan, James R. (District of Columbia)

Dunlap, Thomas Mansfield (District of Columbia)

Dunn, Alvin Bertram (District of Columbia)

Egler, Thomas Edward (District of Columbia)

Emison, Brett A. (District of Columbia)

England-Albright, April (District of Columbia)

Espinet, Danielle M. (District of Columbia)

Espy, Alphonso Michael (District of Columbia)

ESQ., DAVID WOODWARD (District of Columbia)

ESQ., MATTHEW W. (District of Columbia)

ESQ., JENNIFER FOUNTAIN (District of Columbia)

Fallow, Katherine Amy (District of Columbia)

Faulman, Sara Lyn (District of Columbia)

Fay, Caragh Glenn (District of Columbia)

Fay, Thomas Fortune (District of Columbia)

Feeney, Robert Peter (District of Columbia)

Fegan, Elizabeth A. (District of Columbia)

Fennell, Stephen A. (District of Columbia)

Fex, Cecilia Carina (District of Columbia)

Fiebig, Chantale (District of Columbia)

Fierst, David U (District of Columbia)

Fisher, Michele R (District of Columbia)

Fitch, Elaine Lynette (District of Columbia)

Fleming, Timothy B. (District of Columbia)

FONTAINE, DONALD F. (District of Columbia)

Fraas, Philip L (District of Columbia)

Francis, Gregorio (District of Columbia)

FRANK, ROBERT S. (District of Columbia)

Frantz, David Joseph (District of Columbia)

Frazer, T. Roe (Mississippi)

Frazier, Jeff L. (District of Columbia)

Friedman, Andrew N. (District of Columbia)

Frohman, Charles G (District of Columbia)

Fuentes, Gabriel A. (District of Columbia)

Fuentes, Zenia Sanchez (District of Columbia)

Garbarini, Richard M (District of Columbia)

Garon, Lenore Cooper (District of Columbia)

Gaskill, Daniel W. (District of Columbia)

Gebhardt, Joseph D. (District of Columbia)

Gelernt, Lee (District of Columbia)

Gerald, Tilman L. (District of Columbia)

Gilman, Nicholas (District of Columbia)

Girardi, Thomas V. (District of Columbia)

Goel, Ankur Jayant (District of Columbia)

Goldberg, Jonathan Paul (District of Columbia)

Goldstein, Jayne Arnold (District of Columbia)

Gonzalez, Joseph D. (District of Columbia)

Graff, Julia Marie (District of Columbia)

Green, Angela T'nia (District of Columbia)

Green, Justin Timothy (District of Columbia)

Groen, John Maurice (District of Columbia)

Grossman, Joanne Barbara (District of Columbia)

Guest, Richard A. (District of Columbia)

Gustafson, Adam R.F. (District of Columbia)

Hafemann, John (District of Columbia)

Hager, Eric J. (District of Columbia)

Hall, Benjamin L. (District of Columbia)

Hanania, Maher Hanna (District of Columbia)

Handley, Matthew K. (District of Columbia)

Handmaker, Sally M. (District of Columbia)

Harding, Ryan K. (District of Columbia)

Harper, Keith M. (District of Columbia)

HARRIS, DANIEL B. (District of Columbia)

HARVEY, CHARLES (District of Columbia)

Hearne, Mark Fernlund (District of Columbia)

Heideman, Richard D. (District of Columbia)

HEINS, SAMUEL D. (District of Columbia)

Herman, Anthony (District of Columbia)

Hill, Brian Andrew (District of Columbia)

Hilliard, Robert (District of Columbia)

Hirsch, Sam (District of Columbia)

Holloway, James P. (District of Columbia)

Holmes, W. Clifton (District of Columbia)

Howell, Richard L. (District of Columbia)

Huerta, Alvaro Moises (District of Columbia)

Hwang, Alice C. (District of Columbia)

Jacob, Gregory Frederick (District of Columbia)

Jacob, John Robert (District of Columbia)

James, Edgar N. (District of Columbia)

James, Juliene (District of Columbia)

Jenkins, Floyd R. (District of Columbia)

Jimison, Marcus B (North Carolina)

Johnson, Nathaniel D. (District of Columbia)

Johnson, Oliver Thomas (District of Columbia)

JOURNEY, THELMA (District of Columbia)

JR., SAMUEL W. (District of Columbia)

JR., ROBERT NEAL (District of Columbia)

JR., FRANCIS J. (District of Columbia)

Kagan, Barbara Kim (District of Columbia)

Kalik, Tracy Reichman (District of Columbia)

Kaplan, Warren K. (District of Columbia)

Karp, Ronald Alvin (District of Columbia)

Keaney, Melissa S. (District of Columbia)

Kearney, Jesse L (Arkansas)

Khalil, Michael N. (District of Columbia)

Kirschner, Greg (District of Columbia)

Kisch, Lori B. (District of Columbia)

Klein, Suzanne Brooke (District of Columbia)

Knight, Jamie Elizabeth (District of Columbia)

Kreindler, James P. (District of Columbia)

KRISHER, LISA J (District of Columbia)

Kroeger, Leslie M. (District of Columbia)

Lack, Walter J. (District of Columbia)

Lang, Lindsey Bishop (District of Columbia)

LaSpada, Anthony J. (District of Columbia)

Lee, Susan C. (District of Columbia)

Leibowitz, Barry L. (District of Columbia)

Leinbach, Brian J. (District of Columbia)

Leopold, Theodore J. (District of Columbia)

Levine, Aaron M. (District of Columbia)

Lewis, Wilma A. (District of Columbia)

LICHTEN, HAROLD L. (District of Columbia)

Lieberman, Michael Wyld (District of Columbia)

LISS-RIORDAN, SHANNON E. (District of Columbia)

Litzenburg, Timothy (District of Columbia)

Liu, Andy (District of Columbia)

Longobardi, Laura Elizabeth (District of Columbia)

LOONEY, lYWANDA (District of Columbia)

LOTTO, LEAH (District of Columbia)

Ludwig, David (District of Columbia)

Lukas, Paul J (District of Columbia)

Lyons, Elisabeth J. (District of Columbia)

Lyons, Mona (District of Columbia)

MacAllister, Edward B. (District of Columbia)

Madigan, Michael J. (District of Columbia)

MADIGAN, KRISTIN J. (District of Columbia)

MAIER, SHARON T. (District of Columbia)

Mairone, Gavriel (District of Columbia)

Malone, Patrick A. (District of Columbia)

Malson, Laurel Pyke (District of Columbia)

Malveaux, Suzette Marie (District of Columbia)

Marks, Aaron Joseph (District of Columbia)

Marks, Andrew H. (District of Columbia)

Martinez, Michael L. (District of Columbia)

Mason, Gary Edward (District of Columbia)

McBride, Kevin P. (District of Columbia)

McCoy, Melody L. (District of Columbia)

MCDONALD, DONALD A. (District of Columbia)

McGill, Matthew D. (District of Columbia)

MCIVER, ROBERT G. (District of Columbia)

McKenzie, Jeremy S. (District of Columbia)

Mecit, Tuna (District of Columbia)

MELTON, MELVIN (District of Columbia)

Meyer, J Andrew (District of Columbia)

Mikoni, Jeffrey Walter (District of Columbia)

Miller, Michael Joseph (District of Columbia)

MILLER, MARVIN A. (District of Columbia)

Millian, Kathleen Lillian (District of Columbia)

Moore, John Norton (District of Columbia)

Morrison, Alan B. (District of Columbia)

MORTON, DAWSON (District of Columbia)

Murphy, James Emmet (District of Columbia)

Murphy, Justin P. (District of Columbia)

MURRAY, PETER L. (District of Columbia)

Muse, Robert F. (District of Columbia)

Musolino, Philip M. (District of Columbia)

Myart, James W Jr. (District of Columbia)

Newberger, Stuart H. (District of Columbia)

Newell, Jennifer Chang (District of Columbia)

NEWMAN, THOMAS C. (District of Columbia)

Newquist, Brian J. (District of Columbia)

Ney, Steven (District of Columbia)

Nightingale, Zachary Miller (District of Columbia)

Norman, Jane Carol (District of Columbia)

Nudelman, Noel Jason (District of Columbia)

Nugent, Victoria S. (District of Columbia)

Ogletree, Charles J. (District of Columbia)

Onorato, Anthony A. (District of Columbia)

O'Toole, Timothy P. (District of Columbia)

Owens, Caragh Fay (District of Columbia)

Pagonis, Katrina A. (District of Columbia)

PALMER, ROBERT SCOTT (District of Columbia)

PARKER, CARL J. (District of Columbia)

PARKER, ESTATE OF (District of Columbia)

PEARSON, MATTHEW D. (District of Columbia)

Perles, Steven Robert (District of Columbia)

Pew, James S. (District of Columbia)

Phelan, Brian P. (District of Columbia)

Pires, Alexander John Jr. (District of Columbia)

PLAINTIFFS, ALL (District of Columbia)

Pogust, Harris L. (District of Columbia)

Postol, Lawrence P. (District of Columbia)

POTE, MARIA GRAESSER (District of Columbia)

Price, Matthew E. (District of Columbia)

PUMPIAN, RYAN TYLER (District of Columbia)

Rabinovitz, Judy (District of Columbia)

Rainey, Valencia R. (District of Columbia)

Razavi, Poorad (District of Columbia)

Read, Emily B. (District of Columbia)

Realmuto, Trina Ann (District of Columbia)

Richardson, Abby Morrow (District of Columbia)

Robinson, Paul A. (District of Columbia)

Romer-Friedman, Peter (District of Columbia)

Rosenthal, Daniel M. (District of Columbia)

Ross, Jim R. (District of Columbia)

Roth, Robert L. (District of Columbia)

Rothenberg, Allen Louis (District of Columbia)

Rubinstein, Reed D. (District of Columbia)

Rucker, Donna Williams (District of Columbia)

Sanchez, Maria Martinez (District of Columbia)

Sanders, Henry (District of Columbia)

Sanders, Rose Mary (Alabama)

Sanders, Kindaka J. (District of Columbia)

SAUL, LEWIS J. (District of Columbia)

Saunders, Hubbard I. IV (Mississippi)

Scherer, William R. (District of Columbia)

SCHLACHET, MARK (District of Columbia)

Schulcz, Arthur A. (District of Columbia)

Schutty, John Francis (District of Columbia)

SEAVER, TODD A. (District of Columbia)

Segroves, James F. (District of Columbia)

Sellers, Joseph M. (District of Columbia)

Seymour, Richard Talbot (District of Columbia)

Shadowen, Steve D. (District of Columbia)

Shaw, Michael George (District of Columbia)

Shelley, Anthony F. (District of Columbia)

Sher, Neal M. (District of Columbia)

Silver, David C. (District of Columbia)

Sizemore, J. Paul (District of Columbia)

Skepnek, William J. (District of Columbia)

Slyne, Patrick K. (District of Columbia)

Smith, James McCall (District of Columbia)

Smith, David C. (District of Columbia)

Smith, Paul March (District of Columbia)

Smith, Alexandra Freedman (District of Columbia)

SMOLIK, SARA (District of Columbia)

Sobol, Thomas Matthew (District of Columbia)

Solomon, Stephen D. (District of Columbia)

Spencer, Michael Champlin (District of Columbia)

Spitzer, Arthur B. (District of Columbia)

Stein, Jacob A (District of Columbia)

Strom, Joseph P. (District of Columbia)

Sullivan, Noah (District of Columbia)

Suttles, John T. (District of Columbia)

TABACCO, JOSEPH J. (District of Columbia)

Tabbara, Ivy Arai (District of Columbia)

Tenny, Daniel (District of Columbia)

Terrell, Stephen R. (District of Columbia)

Terris, Bruce J. (District of Columbia)

Thompson, Richard Lloyd (District of Columbia)

Tolchin, Robert Joseph (District of Columbia)

Tompkins, Charles Edgar (District of Columbia)

Toups, Mitchell A. (District of Columbia)

Toure, Faya Rose (Alabama)

Trachtenberg, Mark (District of Columbia)

Tsimpedes, Athan Theodore (District of Columbia)

Tumlin, Karen C. (District of Columbia)

TWOMEY, S. MELISA (District of Columbia)

Vail, John (District of Columbia)

Varma, Anurag (District of Columbia)

Vladeck, David C. (District of Columbia)

Vockrodt, Jeff (District of Columbia)

Vogel, Sarah M. (District of Columbia)

Walker, Johnny Hillary (District of Columbia)

Wang, Cecillia D. (District of Columbia)

Ware, Charles Jerome (Maryland)

Weeks, Ann B. (District of Columbia)

Weiner, Matthew (District of Columbia)

Weinstein, Scott William (District of Columbia)

Weiss, Stephen Norman (District of Columbia)

Werlin, Beth Jennifer (District of Columbia)

Whatley, Joe R. (District of Columbia)

WHITE, ANN D. (District of Columbia)

Wichmann, William J. (District of Columbia)

Williams, John Matthew (District of Columbia)

Wills, Amy D. (District of Columbia)

Wolfe, Molly Hoffman (District of Columbia)

Wolverton, Caroline Lewis (District of Columbia)

WRIGHT, JOHN A. (District of Columbia)

Zephier, Tracey Ann (District of Columbia)

Zoeller, David C (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Bartz, Philip D. (District of Columbia)

Bensing, Daniel (District of Columbia)

Bernie, Andrew Marshall (District of Columbia)

Chambers, Felicia L. (District of Columbia)

Cook, Shayna Susanne (District of Columbia)

Crowley, Megan Anne (District of Columbia)

Demske, Susan (District of Columbia)

Edney, Marsha S. (District of Columbia)

Elliott, Stephen McCoy (District of Columbia)

Federighi, Carol (District of Columbia)

Forrest, Herbert E (District of Columbia)

Francis, Elizabeth Anne (District of Columbia)

Gardner, Joshua Edward (District of Columbia)

Gilligan, James J. (District of Columbia)

Goitein, Elizabeth (District of Columbia)

Harris, Julie Straus (District of Columbia)

Henry, Terry Marcus (District of Columbia)

Jordan, Robert Elijah III (District of Columbia)

Josephson, Matthew (District of Columbia)

Kelhoffer, Elizabeth Jay (District of Columbia)

Koslowe, Neil H. (District of Columbia)

Krepps, Paul D. (District of Columbia)

Lennon, Susan Hall (District of Columbia)

Lepley, Richard G. (District of Columbia)

Lin, Elbert (District of Columbia)

Lin, Jean (District of Columbia)

Linder, Dennis G. (District of Columbia)

Manning, Meredith (District of Columbia)

McElvain, Joel (District of Columbia)

Monahan, Patricia A. (District of Columbia)

Moore, Tamra (District of Columbia)

Nagle, Joel T. (District of Columbia)

Newmark, Andrea (District of Columbia)

Nusraty, Tim H. (District of Columbia)

Ogden, David W. (District of Columbia)

Phillips, Heather R. (District of Columbia)

Powell, Amy E. (District of Columbia)

Quester, Amanda (District of Columbia)

Quinlivan, Mark T. (District of Columbia)

Quinn, Dennis John (District of Columbia)

Rivera, Karen A. (District of Columbia)

ROBINSON, LEROY (District of Columbia)

SANDALS, ALAN M. (District of Columbia)

Sirianni, Teresa O. (District of Columbia)

Sitcov, Michael (District of Columbia)

Souders, David (District of Columbia)

Straus, Julie (District of Columbia)

Thorp, Galen Nicholas (District of Columbia)

Walker, C. Gail (District of Columbia)

Webber, Christine E. (District of Columbia)

Wells, Carlotta (District of Columbia)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

ALLEN, ADAM J. (District of Columbia)

ATCHISON, JAY (District of Columbia)

BALDWIN, DEKINGON ATCHISON (District of Columbia)

BALDWIN, SAMUEL (District of Columbia)

BALDWIN, GRENETHA ATCHISON (District of Columbia)

Banks, Wyndell Oliver (District of Columbia)

BARNES, LARRY D. (District of Columbia)

BATES, AVA L. (District of Columbia)

BATES, THEODORE F.B. (District of Columbia)

BATES-ADAMS, KARLA K. (District of Columbia)

BATES-BEST, TERRIE L. (District of Columbia)

BEASLEY, BARRETT (District of Columbia)

BODNER, BRUCE (District of Columbia)

Boone, Levi Boone (District of Columbia)

BRENTR, DARYL (District of Columbia)

Brittenum, Dedrick Jr. (District of Columbia)

CATCHING, LINDA (District of Columbia)

CHANEY, JEROLD RAY (District of Columbia)

CHANEY, CONNIE (District of Columbia)

CLARK, LOIS S. (District of Columbia)

COLEMAN, EVELYN M. (District of Columbia)

COLLINS, VELMA J. (District of Columbia)

Davis, John W. (District of Columbia)

DIXON, CURTIS (District of Columbia)

DOZIER-CARTER, ANGELA (District of Columbia)

Fagan, David N (District of Columbia)

FOLINS, EVANS M. (District of Columbia)

GOLDBERG, RANDOLPH (District of Columbia)

GOLDSTEIN, NANCY L. (District of Columbia)

HARDY, BARBARA J. (District of Columbia)

Henn, Emily Johnson (California)

JR., JOHN WILL (District of Columbia)

Ladd, Ford C (Virginia)

Lear, Gerard Robert (Virginia)

LOMAX-BARNES, EDITH (District of Columbia)

LONG, MILDRED A. (District of Columbia)

LONG, EARNEST HAROLD (District of Columbia)

Martin, Dawn V (District of Columbia)

MAYMON, L. D. (District of Columbia)

MAYMON, WILLIE S. (District of Columbia)

MCNAIR, EZRA (District of Columbia)

MCNAMARA, THOMAS S. (District of Columbia)

MILLER, GERALDSTINE (District of Columbia)

NUNN, MERDITH (District of Columbia)

PATRIZIO, STEPHEN P. (District of Columbia)

ROBBALAA, MUHAMMAD (District of Columbia)

Shoreman, John M (District of Columbia)

SMALL, LEWIS S. (District of Columbia)

Sweet, Dennis C III (Mississippi)

VAUGHN, HENRY A. (District of Columbia)

VAUGHN, FLORIA A. (District of Columbia)

WALKER, JAMES (District of Columbia)

WISE, EDDIE (District of Columbia)

WISE, DOROTHY (District of Columbia)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

	Document
1:97-cv-01978 1:12-cv-00471 1:05-cv-01821 04-05171 04-05173 12-05302 13-05303	Docket [PACER]	Sept. 14, 2017	Sept. 14, 2017 Docket
86 1:97-cv-01978	Opinion Granting Class Certification	Oct. 9, 1998	Oct. 9, 1998 Order/Opinion 182 F.R.D. 341
92 1:97-cv-01978	Seventh Amended Complaint	Oct. 26, 1998	Oct. 26, 1998 Complaint
147 1:97-cv-01978 98-01693	Consent Decree Pigford v. Glickman; Brewington v. Glickman	March 19, 1999	March 19, 1999 Order/Opinion
99-05222 99-05223	Circuit Court Opinion Affirming Order Approving Consent Decree Pigford v. Glickman; Brewington v. Glickman U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit	April 14, 1999	April 14, 1999 Order/Opinion 206 F.3d 1212
363 1:97-cv-01978	Order	Nov. 8, 2000	Nov. 8, 2000 Order/Opinion 2000 WL 34292618
382 1:97-cv-01978	Memorandum Opinion and Order	Jan. 4, 2001	Jan. 4, 2001 Order/Opinion 127 F.Supp.2d 35
589 1:97-cv-01978	Memorandum Opinion and Order Pigford v. Veneman	Jan. 17, 2001	Jan. 17, 2001 Order/Opinion 182 F.Supp.2d 53
429 1:97-cv-01978	Order Pigford v. Veneman	April 6, 2001	April 6, 2001 Order/Opinion 141 F.Supp.2d 60
438 1:97-cv-01978	Memorandum Opinion and Order Pigford v. Veneman	May 15, 2001	May 15, 2001 Order/Opinion 143 F.Supp.2d 28

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Resources

Title	Description		External URL Date / External URL
The Pigford Cases: USDA Settlement of Discrimination Suits by Black Farmers Tadlock Cowan and Jody Feder	This report highlights some of the events that led up to the original Pigford class action suit and the subsequent Pigford II settlement. The report also outlines the structure of both the original c…	May 29, 2013	May 29, 2013 https://nationalaglawcenter.org/...
The Pigford Cases: USDA Settlement of Discrimination Suits by Black Farmers Tadlock Cowen & Jody Feder	On April 14, 1999, Judge Paul L. Friedman of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia approved a settlement agreement and consent decree in Pigford v. Glickman, a class action discriminat…	Aug. 15, 2012	Aug. 15, 2012 http://nationalaglawcenter.org/...
Pigford's Harvest Daniel Foster	One unhappy night in 1992, 40-year-old Timothy Pigford, a fourth-generation black farmer having a terrible time of it trying to grow soybeans in North Carolina, sat in the living room of the house he…	Feb. 21, 2010	Feb. 21, 2010 http://www.nationalreview.com/...
Compensation for Black Farmers Nancy Scola	After decades of discrimination, litigation, and negotiating, it looks today like an agreement has been reached on compensation to black farmers. This is one of those times that government works that…	Feb. 19, 2010	Feb. 19, 2010 http://prospect.org/...

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Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4215043/pigford-v-veneman/

Last updated Dec. 26, 2024, 11:36 a.m.

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ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
1	COMPLAINT filed by plaintiff TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, plaintiff LLOYD SHAFER, plaintiff GEORGE HALL; jury demand (dbw) (bj, ). (Entered: 08/29/1997)	Aug. 28, 1997	Aug. 28, 1997 RECAP
	SUMMONS (3) issued to federal party(s) federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN, and non-parties: U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General. (dbw)	Aug. 28, 1997	Aug. 28, 1997 PACER
2	NOTICE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN of related cases; exhibit (1) (blj) (bj, ). (Entered: 09/09/1997)	Sept. 5, 1997	Sept. 5, 1997 PACER
3	MOTION filed by plaintiffs TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, LLOYD SHAFER, GEORGE HALL requesting assignment to Magistrate Judge kay for non-binding mediation (blj) (zss). (Entered: 09/10/1997)	Sept. 9, 1997	Sept. 9, 1997 PACER
4	RESPONSE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to motion requesting assignment to Magistrate Judge kay for non-binding mediation [3-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (blj) (zss). (Entered: 09/15/1997)	Sept. 12, 1997	Sept. 12, 1997 PACER
5	ATTORNEY APPEARANCE for federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN by Susan Hall Lennon (blj) (zss). (Entered: 09/17/1997)	Sept. 16, 1997	Sept. 16, 1997 PACER
6	OBJECTIONS by plaintiffs TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, LLOYD SHAFER, GEORGE HALL to related case designation; attachment (blj) (zss). (Entered: 09/24/1997)	Sept. 23, 1997	Sept. 23, 1997 PACER
7	REPLY by plaintiffs TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, LLOYD SHAFER, GEORGE HALL to response to motion requesting assignment to Magistrate Judge kay for non-binding mediation [3-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; attachment (blj) (zss). (Entered: 09/24/1997)	Sept. 23, 1997	Sept. 23, 1997 PACER
8	REPLY by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in support of defendant's notice of related cases [2-1] by DAN GLICKMAN, and response to plaintiff's letter dated 10/7/97 . (bm) (zss). (Entered: 10/10/1997)	Oct. 8, 1997	Oct. 8, 1997 PACER
9	NOTICE OF FILING by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN of proposed scheduling order (blj) (zss). (Entered: 10/24/1997)	Oct. 23, 1997	Oct. 23, 1997 PACER
10	MEET AND CONFER STATEMENT/REPORT PURSUANT TO L.R. 206(d) filed by plaintiffs TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, LLOYD SHAFER, GEORGE HALL, federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN. (blj) (zss). (Entered: 10/24/1997)	Oct. 23, 1997	Oct. 23, 1997 PACER
11	AMENDED COMPLAINT by plaintiffs TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, LLOYD SHAFER, GEORGE HALL adding plaintiffs MCARTHUR NESBIT, EDDIE SLAUGHTER, LEO JACKSON, J. B. BLACK, LUCIOUS ABRAMS JR., GRIFFIN TOOD SR., GREGORY ERVES, CECIL BREWINGTON, HERBERT L. SKINNER JR., OBIE L. BEAL, CLIFFORD LOVETT, and amending complaint [1-1] . (blj) (bj, ). (Entered: 10/24/1997)	Oct. 23, 1997	Oct. 23, 1997 PACER
	SUMMONS NOT ISSUED. (blj)	Oct. 23, 1997	Oct. 23, 1997 PACER
	MEET AND CONFER STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: Status conference set for 10:00 10/30/97 Reporter: Vernell Marshall (bm)	Oct. 24, 1997	Oct. 24, 1997 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: Rule 26(a)(1) disclosures due in 15 days; dispositive motions due 11/18/97; status conference set for 10:00 11/17/97 ; plaintiff can file a motion for class certification after it reviews the files. Reporter: Santa Zizzo (bm)	Oct. 30, 1997	Oct. 30, 1997 PACER
12	TRANSCRIPT filed of status conference for date(s) of 10/24/97. Reporter: Vernell A. Marshall (ks) (zss). (Entered: 10/30/1997)	Oct. 30, 1997	Oct. 30, 1997 PACER
13	SCHEDULING ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman confirming dates set at the meet and confer status conference held 10/30/97; disclosures pursuant to Rule 26(a)(1) shall be made by 11/14/97; plaintiffs shall file a motion for class certification within 90 days after the date the complaint was filed or at their earliest convenience; defendant shall respond or shall move for discovery on the class certification issue within 11 days; dispositive motions due 11/18/97; response to dispositive motions due 12/1/97; reply to dispositive motions due 12/8/97; further status conference set for 11/17/97 at 10:00 a.m. ; setting forth instructions to counsel. (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 11/04/1997)	Nov. 4, 1997	Nov. 4, 1997 PACER
14	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman: denying defendant's motion for related case designation; denying motion requesting assignment to Magistrate Judge kay for non-binding mediation [3-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 11/04/1997)	Nov. 4, 1997	Nov. 4, 1997 PACER
15	PROTECTIVE ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman ; setting forth procedures for handling confidential material; allowing designated material to be filed under seal; attachment. (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 11/14/1997)	Nov. 14, 1997	Nov. 14, 1997 PACER
16	MOTION filed by counsel for JOHN DOE applicants nos. 1-50 for leave to intervene ; Exhibit: # 1 (MOTION FOR INTERVENTION, REQUEST FOR EXPEDITED RULING AND MEMORANDUM BRIEF IN SUPPORT) (blj) (zss). (Entered: 11/14/1997)	Nov. 14, 1997	Nov. 14, 1997 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: movant interveners shall supplement their motions due 11/21/97; parties will respond to motion to intervene due 12/3/97; reply to motion due 12/9/97; status conference set for 10:00 12/19/97 Reporter: Santa Zizzo (bm)	Nov. 17, 1997	Nov. 17, 1997 PACER
17	REPORT by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to the Court regarding his compliance with the 11/4/97 Scheduling Order; Exhibit (1); Declaration (1). (ks) (zss). (Entered: 11/18/1997)	Nov. 17, 1997	Nov. 17, 1997 PACER
20	MOTION filed by movant SARAH DAVIS to intervene (blj) (zss). (Entered: 11/20/1997)	Nov. 17, 1997	Nov. 17, 1997 PACER
18	AGREED ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : that the deadlines extablished in paragraphs 2 and 3 of the 11/4/97 Scheduling order are extended for a period of thirty (30) days; and setting fourth instructions to counsel. (N) (ks) (zss). (Entered: 11/20/1997)	Nov. 20, 1997	Nov. 20, 1997 PACER
19	SCHEDULING ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : Confirming dates set at the status conference on 11/17/97. (N) (ks) (zss). (Entered: 11/20/1997)	Nov. 20, 1997	Nov. 20, 1997 PACER
21	TRANSCRIPT filed for date(s) of 10/30/97. Reporter: Santa Theresa Zizzo (blj) (zss). (Entered: 11/21/1997)	Nov. 20, 1997	Nov. 20, 1997 PACER
22	MOTION filed for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene ; # 1 Exhibit (COMPLAINT) (blj) (zss). (Main Document 22 replaced on 9/18/2023) (zss). (Entered: 11/24/1997)	Nov. 21, 1997	Nov. 21, 1997 PACER
23	MOTION filed for JAMES WALKER, SALLIE WALKER to intervene; by attarney J. L. Chestnut; "Let this be filed" (fiat) Judge Friedman ; Attachment (1) (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/01/1997)	Dec. 1, 1997	Dec. 1, 1997 PACER
24	LETTER to Judge Friedman regarding the intervenors agreement "Let this be filed" (fiat) Judge Friedman (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/01/1997)	Dec. 1, 1997	Dec. 1, 1997 PACER
25	RESPONSE by plaintiff in opposition to amended motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene and memorandum brief in support [22-1]; Exhibit (1) (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/04/1997)	Dec. 3, 1997	Dec. 3, 1997 PACER
26	MEMORANDUM by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene [22-1] (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/04/1997)	Dec. 3, 1997	Dec. 3, 1997 PACER
27	MOTION filed by plaintiff for leave to file second amended class action complaint ; # 1 EXHIBIT (second complaint) (JMF) (zss). (Main Document 27 replaced on 9/18/2023) (zss). (Entered: 12/08/1997)	Dec. 5, 1997	Dec. 5, 1997 PACER
28	SUPPLEMENTAL MEMORANDUM by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene [22-1]; Attachments (2) (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/10/1997)	Dec. 9, 1997	Dec. 9, 1997 PACER
40	REPLY by movant CLINTON R. MARTIN to response to motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene [22-1] (ks) (zss). (Entered: 02/24/1998)	Dec. 10, 1997	Dec. 10, 1997 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: held Reporter: Laura Beasley (bm)	Dec. 11, 1997	Dec. 11, 1997 PACER
29	MOTION filed by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to extend time to respond to plaintiff's motion to file a second amended complaint (bm) (zss). (Entered: 12/16/1997)	Dec. 15, 1997	Dec. 15, 1997 PACER
30	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion to extend time to respond to plaintiff's motion to file a second amended complaint [29-1] by DAN GLICKMAN (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 12/17/1997)	Dec. 17, 1997	Dec. 17, 1997 PACER
31	MOTION filed by plaintiffs for leave to file third anended class action complaint ; # 1 Exhibit (THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT) (blj) (zss). (Main Document 31 replaced on 9/18/2023) (zss). (Entered: 12/18/1997)	Dec. 17, 1997	Dec. 17, 1997 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: case will be sent to mediation for a period of 60 days; status conference set for 2:00 1/26/98 ; plaintiff shall file a proposed scheduling order; motions to intervene shall be held in abeyance. Reporter: Santa Zizzo (bm)	Dec. 19, 1997	Dec. 19, 1997 PACER
	Tele-conference held before Judge Paul L. Friedman reporter: Santa Zizzo (bm)	Dec. 22, 1997	Dec. 22, 1997 PACER
32	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : that the stipulation and Order entered this same day is not intended to preclude, nor does it preclude, Mr. Eddie Ross, represented by Mr. Philip Fraas, from completing the administrative settlement of his case with the Department of Agriculture. (N) (dot) (zss). (Entered: 12/24/1997)	Dec. 24, 1997	Dec. 24, 1997 PACER
33	STIPULATION AND ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : this matter is stayed for a period of 6 months from the date of entry of this order, during which period the parties shall participate in non-binding mediation; that, plaintiffs and putative class members shall participate in non-binding, court-supervised mediation which the parties shall commence on a case-by-case basis as soon as practicable using the services of one or more mediators to be agreed upon by the parties; the Court appoints Michael Lewis as the lead mediator for the mediations referred to in the preceding sentence; parties shall jointly contact Mr. Lewis as coon as practicable for the purpose of initiating the mediation process, but in no event later than the week of 1/5/98; putative class members who are represented by counsel other than Messrs. Pires, Fraas, Frazer, Chestnut, and Cross may elect to attempt to settle their claims through the US Department of Agriculture's administrative procedure for resolving claims of discrimination in USDA farm programs; that the costs associated with obtaining the services of the mediator(s) described in paragraph 2, above, shall be divided equally between plaintiffs and defendant; that, for purposes of factual development, defendant may contact any person who has filed a claim with USDA alleging discrimination in USDA's implementation of its farm programs, and whom plaintiffs' counsel have not identified to defendant in writing as being a represented party in this litigation; defendant's investigators shall not contact any person identified by plaintiffs' consel in writing pursuant to the preceding sentence without first obtaining permission to do so from such counsel; status hearing set for 2:00 1/26/98 (N) (dot) (bj, ). (Entered: 12/24/1997)	Dec. 24, 1997	Dec. 24, 1997 PACER
34	TRANSCRIPT filed for date(s) of 11/17/97. Reporter: Santa Theresa Zizzo (blj) (zss). (Entered: 12/29/1997)	Dec. 24, 1997	Dec. 24, 1997 PACER
35	NOTICE OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS by Gerard Robert Lear representing movant JOHN DOE, movant CLINTON R. MARTIN . New address: SPEISER KRAUSE 2300 Clarendon Boulevard, Suite 306, Arlington, VA 22201, (703) 522-7500. (ks) (zss). (Entered: 12/31/1997)	Dec. 31, 1997	Dec. 31, 1997 PACER
36	TRANSCRIPT filed of status conference for date(s) of 12/11/97. Reporter: Laura Beasley (ks) (zss). (Entered: 01/08/1998)	Jan. 7, 1998	Jan. 7, 1998 PACER
37	TRANSCRIPT filed of Status conference for date(s) of 12/19/97. Reporter: Santa Zizzo (ks) (zss). (Entered: 01/08/1998)	Jan. 8, 1998	Jan. 8, 1998 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: status conference set for 10:00 3/5/98 ; parties will notify the Court if they wish to set a tele-conference date. Reporter: Edward Hawkins (bm)	Jan. 26, 1998	Jan. 26, 1998 PACER
38	AFFIDAVIT of Jacob Lipscomb. (ks) (zss). (Entered: 01/27/1998)	Jan. 26, 1998	Jan. 26, 1998 PACER
39	TRANSCRIPT filed of status conference for date(s) of 1/26/98. Reporter: Edward Hawkins (ks) (zss). (Entered: 02/11/1998)	Feb. 10, 1998	Feb. 10, 1998 PACER
	STATUS CONFERENCE before Judge Paul L. Friedman: Stay lifted; plaintiff to file their motion on the statute of limitations; motion for class certification and motion for injunctive relief; trial set for 2/1/99 at 9:30 a.m.; the parties will file a report in ten days stating how they wish to proceed with mediation; an order will be filed setting forth exact dates. Reporter: Laura Beasley (bm)	March 5, 1998	March 5, 1998 PACER
41	MOTION filed by movant CLINTON R. MARTIN to withdraw motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene [22-1] (bm) (zss). (Entered: 03/05/1998)	March 5, 1998	March 5, 1998 PACER
42	SCHEDULING ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman lifting stay for the purposes of briefing plaintiffs' motion for class certification and motion for partial summary judgment due 3/9/98; response to motions due 4/8/98 reply to motions due 4/15/98; parties shall meet with the mediator by 3/17/98 to discuss whether further mediation would be fruitful and, if so, how best to proceed; the parties shall file a written report with the Court by 3/18/98 respecting a proposed course of action; trial set for 2/1/99 (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 03/06/1998)	March 6, 1998	March 6, 1998 PACER
43	MOTION filed by plaintiffs for certification of class ; Exhibits (6). (Bulky) (ks) (Entered: 03/10/1998)	March 9, 1998	March 9, 1998 PACER
44	MOTION filed by plaintiffs for partial summary judgment ; Exhibits (4). (Bulky) (ks) (zss). (Entered: 03/10/1998)	March 9, 1998	March 9, 1998 PACER
45	SCHEDULING ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman extending the parties' deadline for meeting with the mediator and filing a written report with the Court until 3/20/98 (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 03/10/1998)	March 10, 1998	March 10, 1998 PACER
46	TRANSCRIPT filed of hearing for date(s) of 3/5/98. Reporter: Laura Beasley (ks) (zss). (Entered: 03/31/1998)	March 30, 1998	March 30, 1998 PACER
47	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman: the parties shall continue to meet with the mediator and the parties or the mediator shall report to the Court in writing on the status of settlement negotiations by 4/15/98. (N) (bm) (zss). (Entered: 04/06/1998)	April 6, 1998	April 6, 1998 PACER
48	RESPONSE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for certification of class [43-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; Exhibits (14). (Bulky) (ks) (zss). (Entered: 04/09/1998)	April 8, 1998	April 8, 1998 PACER
49	RESPONSE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for partial summary judgment [44-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; Exhibits (2). (ks) (zss). (Entered: 04/09/1998)	April 8, 1998	April 8, 1998 PACER
50	ATTORNEY APPEARANCE for federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN by Terry M. Henry (ks) (zss). (Entered: 04/09/1998)	April 8, 1998	April 8, 1998 PACER
51	MOTION (consent) filed by plaintiffs to extend time to 4/22/98 to file reply briefs on plaintiff's motions for class certification and for partial summary judgment. (ks) (llk). (Entered: 04/16/1998)	April 15, 1998	April 15, 1998 PACER
52	MOTION filed by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to communicate with unnamed, unrepresented putative class members ; Exhibits (5). (ks) (llk). (Entered: 04/16/1998)	April 15, 1998	April 15, 1998 PACER
53	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion to extend time to 4/22/98 to file reply briefs on plaintiff's motions for class certification and for partial summary judgment [51-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (N) (bm) (llk). (Entered: 04/16/1998)	April 16, 1998	April 16, 1998 PACER
55	REPLY by plaintiffs to response to motion for partial summary judgment [44-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/01/1998)	April 22, 1998	April 22, 1998 PACER
56	REPLY by plaintiffs to response to motion for certification of class [43-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; Exhibits (4). (zss). (Entered: 05/01/1998)	April 22, 1998	April 22, 1998 PACER
54	RESPONSE by plaintiffs in opposition to motion to communicate with unnamed, unrepresented putative class members [52-1] by DAN GLICKMAN . (ks) (llk). (Entered: 04/30/1998)	April 29, 1998	April 29, 1998 PACER
57	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman: motions hearing set for 2:30 5/13/98 at which time the Court will hear argument on all pending motions ; setting forth instructions to counsel regarding time limit; counsel shall notify the Court by 5/12/98 of how the time will be allocated. (N) (bm) (llk). (Entered: 05/01/1998)	May 1, 1998	May 1, 1998 PACER
58	REPLY by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to response to motion to communicate with unnamed, unrepresented putative class members [52-1] by DAN GLICKMAN (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/07/1998)	May 6, 1998	May 6, 1998 PACER
59	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman: lifting stay imposed on Order of 12/24/97 to the extent necessary to permit the Court to rule on the pending motions to amend the complaint and to permit the government to answer or otherwise respond to the relevant amended complaint; by 5/13/98 plaintiffs shall file their motion for leave to file fourth amended complaint; government's response to motion for leave to file second, third and fourth amended complaint by 5/22/98; plaintiffs' reply due 5/29/98; setting forth instructions to the government regarding responsive pleading; plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment shall be held in abeyance pending filing of the government's answer or other responsive pleading; setting forth instructions what the parties shall do within ten days after responsive pleading is filed; plaintiff's motion for partial summary judgment shall be be argued at the hearing for 5/13/98 a t 2:30 p.m. (N) (bm) (llk). (Entered: 05/08/1998)	May 8, 1998	May 8, 1998 PACER
60	MOTION filed by plaintiff TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD for leave to file fourth amended class action complaint (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/12/1998)	May 11, 1998	May 11, 1998 PACER
61	MOTION filed by plaintiff TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD for leave to file fifth amended complaint [1-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD ; EXHIBIT (FIFTH AMENDED COMPLAINT) (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/14/1998)	May 12, 1998	May 12, 1998 PACER
	MOTION HEARING before Judge Paul L. Friedman taken under advisement by DAN GLICKMAN motion to communicate with unnamed, unrepresented putative class members [52-1], taken under advisement by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD motion for certification of class [43-1] Reporter: Santa Zizzo (bm)	May 13, 1998	May 13, 1998 PACER
62	MOTION filed by plaintiffs for leave to file a revised proposed order. (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/18/1998)	May 15, 1998	May 15, 1998 PACER
63	RESPONSE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for leave to file a revised proposed order. [62-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; Exhibits (2). (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/26/1998)	May 22, 1998	May 22, 1998 PACER
64	RESPONSE by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN in opposition to motion for leave to file fifth amended complaint [1-1] [61-1]; motion for leave to file fourth amended class action complaint [60-1]; motion for leave to file third anended class action complaint [31-1]; motion for leave to file second class action complaint [27-1] by plaintiffs. (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/26/1998)	May 22, 1998	May 22, 1998 PACER
65	REPLY by plaintiff to response to motion for leave to file fifth amended complaint [1-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD [61-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, motion for leave to file fourth amended class action complaint [60-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD, motion for leave to file third anended class action complaint [31-1] by plaintiff, motion for leave to file second amended class action complaint [27-1] by plaintiff (ks) (llk). (Entered: 05/28/1998)	May 27, 1998	May 27, 1998 PACER
66	REPLY by plaintiff to response to motion for leave to file a revised proposed order. [62-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (ks) (llk). (Main Document 66 replaced on 10/7/2021) (llk). (Entered: 06/02/1998)	June 1, 1998	June 1, 1998 PACER
67	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion for leave to file second amended class action complaint [27-1] by plaintiff; granting motion for leave to file third amended class action complaint [31-1] by plaintiff; motion for leave to file fourth amended class action complaint [60-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; granting motion for leave to file fifth amended complaint [1-1] by GEORGE LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD [61-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (N) (bm) (llk). (Entered: 06/03/1998)	June 3, 1998	June 3, 1998 PACER
207	FOURTH AMENDED COMPLAINT by plaintiffs [1-1] .; jury demand (Bulky) (ks) Modified on 06/30/1999 (temp1, ). (Entered: 06/30/1999)	June 3, 1998	June 3, 1998 PACER
208	FIFTH AMENDED COMPLAINT by plaintiffs [1-1] .; jury demand (Bulky) (ks) (temp1, ). (Entered: 06/30/1999)	June 3, 1998	June 3, 1998 PACER
68	TRANSCRIPT filed of motions hearing for date(s) of 5/13/98. Reporter: Santa Zizzo (ks) (llk) (zss). (Entered: 06/11/1998)	June 10, 1998	June 10, 1998 PACER
69	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion to withdraw motion for CLINTON R. MARTIN to intervene [22-1] [41-1] by CLINTON R. MARTIN (N) (ks) (llk). (Entered: 07/01/1998)	July 1, 1998	July 1, 1998 PACER
70	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion for leave to file a revised proposed order. [62-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD (N) (ks) (llk). (Entered: 07/01/1998)	July 1, 1998	July 1, 1998 PACER
71	MOTION filed by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN for judgment, in part, on the pleadings, and for partial summary judgment ; exhibits (9). (dot) (llk). (Entered: 07/07/1998)	July 6, 1998	July 6, 1998 PACER
72	ANSWER TO COMPLAINT [1-1] by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN . (dot) (bj, ). (Entered: 07/07/1998)	July 6, 1998	July 6, 1998 PACER
73	JOINT STATUS REPORT by plaintiff, federal defendant on plaintiff's motion for partial summary judgment. (ks) (llk). (Entered: 07/22/1998)	July 20, 1998	July 20, 1998 PACER
74	RESPONSE by plaintiff in opposition to motion for judgment, in part, on the pleadings [71-1] by DAN GLICKMAN, motion for partial summary judgment [71-2] by DAN GLICKMAN; Exhibit (1). (ks) (llk). (Entered: 07/22/1998)	July 21, 1998	July 21, 1998 PACER
75	NOTICE OF FILING by plaintiffs of withdrawing Count IV with prejudice to the amended complaint. (dot) (llk). (Entered: 07/24/1998)	July 23, 1998	July 23, 1998 PACER
76	MOTION (unopposed) filed by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to extend time to 8/10/98 to file a reply in support of defendant's motion for judgment, in part, on the pleadings and for partial summary judgment. (dot) (llk). (Entered: 07/24/1998)	July 23, 1998	July 23, 1998 PACER
77	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion to extend time to 8/10/98 to file a reply in support of defendant's motion for judgment, in part, on the pleadings and for partial summary judgment [76-1] by DAN GLICKMAN (N) (bm) (llk). (Entered: 07/28/1998)	July 28, 1998	July 28, 1998 PACER
78	REPLY by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN to response to motion for judgment, in part, on the pleadings [71-1] by DAN GLICKMAN, motion for partial summary judgment [71-2] by DAN GLICKMAN; declaration (1). (dot) (llk). (Entered: 08/12/1998)	Aug. 10, 1998	Aug. 10, 1998 PACER
79	MOTION filed by federal defendant DAN GLICKMAN for status conference (dot) (llk). (Entered: 08/24/1998)	Aug. 21, 1998	Aug. 21, 1998 PACER
80	RESPONSE by plaintiffs in opposition to motion for status conference [79-1] by DAN GLICKMAN . (ks) (llk). (Entered: 08/28/1998)	Aug. 27, 1998	Aug. 27, 1998 PACER
81	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion for status conference [79-1] by DAN GLICKMAN; status conference for 1:30 10/13/98 in Courtroom 20 (N) (bm) (bj). (Entered: 09/23/1998)	Sept. 23, 1998	Sept. 23, 1998 PACER
82	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : denying as moot motion to intervene [20-1] by SARAH DAVIS; denying as moot motion for JAMES WALKER, SALLIE WALKER to intervene [23-1] (N) (bm) (bj). (Entered: 09/29/1998)	Sept. 29, 1998	Sept. 29, 1998 PACER
83	MOTION filed by plaintiffs to amend complaint [1-1] by GEORGE HALL, LLOYD SHAFER, TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD ; EXHIBIT (SIXTH AMENDED CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT) (ks) (llk). (Entered: 10/05/1998)	Oct. 2, 1998	Oct. 2, 1998 PACER
84	MOTION filed by plaintiff for leave to file supplement to plaintiff's motion for certification of class ; EXHIBIT (SUPPLEMENT) (tb) (llk). (Entered: 10/08/1998)	Oct. 7, 1998	Oct. 7, 1998 PACER
85	MOTION filed by plaintiff for partial summary judgment (tb) (llk). (Entered: 10/08/1998)	Oct. 7, 1998	Oct. 7, 1998 PACER
86	OPINION by Judge Paul L. Friedman (N) (bm) (bj, ). (Entered: 10/09/1998)	Oct. 9, 1998	Oct. 9, 1998 Clearinghouse
87	ORDER by Judge Paul L. Friedman : granting motion for certification of class [43-1] by TIMOTHY C. PIGFORD; certifying a class for purposes of determining liability; setting forth definition of class; directing plaintiffs shall file a further amended complaint detailing the claims of four typical representatives of each subclass by 10/23/98; the parties shall jointly file a draft notice to class members by 10/30/98. (N) (bm) (bj, ). (Entered: 10/09/1998)	Oct. 9, 1998	Oct. 9, 1998 PACER

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Case Details

State / Territory: District of Columbia

Case Type(s):

Fair Housing/Lending/Insurance

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: Aug. 28, 1997

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

All African-American farmers who (1) farmed between January 1, 1983, and February 21, 1997; and (2) applied, during that time period, for participation in a federal farm program with USDA, and as a direct result of a determination by USDA in response to said application, believed that they were discriminated against on the basis of race, and filed a written discrimination complaint with USDA in that time period.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Granted

Defendants

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Federal

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action: