Case: Bell v. City of New York

1:07-cv-02994 | U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York

Filed Date: July 24, 2007

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Case Summary

On July 24, 2007, the fiancée of Sean Bell, a 23-year-old Black man fatally shot by the police on the night before his wedding, and two men harmed during the shooting, filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1988 against the City of New York and the New York City Police Department (“NYPD”). The plaintiffs, represented by private counsel, asked the court for a jury trial and sought monetary damages. A…

According to the complaint, Sean Bell departed a club in Queens with two friends on November 25, 2006, at 4:00AM. The three men climbed into a car and Bell proceeded to drive. The car allegedly struck a police detective in the leg and hit a police van before five officers began to shoot at the car, firing over 50 bullets. The shooting killed Bell and inflicted serious personal injuries to the two passengers.

Bell's fiancé, as the adminstratrix of his estate, accused the police of wrongful death, assault, negligence and various civil rights violations. Specifically, she claimed that the police shot Bell without probable cause, that the shooting was performed negligently and recklessly, and that it was performed without reason or provocation. She further alleged that the NYPD's failure to adequately train these officers, combined with the officers' failure to observe existing police protocol, deprived the decedent of his Fourteenth Amendment rights—his right to due process, his right to liberty, his right to be free from excessive force, and most importantly, his right to life.

With him in the car were two of Bell's friends, who survived the shooting and were placed under arrest. These plaintiffs sustained severe physical injuries as a result of the shooting, and alleged that the officers lacked probable cause to discharge their weapons and similarly lacked probable cause to place them under arrest. Claiming that the shooting was performed negligently and recklessly, and without reason or provocation, the plaintiffs stated that the officers deprived them of their Fourteenth Amendment rights to due process, liberty, and the right to be free from physical injury and unwarranted use of force. The plaintiffs also asserted that they were subjected to false arrest and imprisonment. All plaintiffs in the suit sought compensatory, exemplary, and punitive damages.

On July 16, 2008, Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann stayed the case until the pending Department of Justice investigation concluded; the court lifted the stay on May 18, 2010. After settlement conferences on July 27 and September 23, 2010, the parties reached a settlement agreement: the plaintiffs would dismiss the action, and the city would pay $3.25 million to the administratrix of Bell's estate, and $3 million and $900,000, respectively, to Bell's two friends that were injured in the shooting. The plaintiffs additionally agreed to release the defendants from any and all liability or claims that could have been alleged in this particular action. On October 6, 2010, Judge Roanne L. Mann entered a stipulation of the settlement and dismissed the case. The court resolved issues concerning the disbursement of funds in trusts for Bell’s infant children until August 3, 2020.

Summary Authors

Kayla Arslanian (4/8/2014)

Sophia Acker (11/16/2023)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4319244/parties/bell-v-the-city-of-new-york/

Judge(s)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Attorney for Defendant

Abt, Uriel Benjamin (New York)

Adams, Daniel Lloyd (New York)

Akina, William Keaupuni (New York)

Alibey, Fayola Naila (New York)

Almon, Lorie Elizabeth (New York)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Judge(s)

Mann, Roanne L. (New York)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Hardy, Michael (New York)

Rosencrantz, Caryn (New York)

Rynecki, Scott (New York)

Attorney for Defendant

Abt, Uriel Benjamin (New York)

Adams, Daniel Lloyd (New York)

Akina, William Keaupuni (New York)

Alibey, Fayola Naila (New York)

Almon, Lorie Elizabeth (New York)

Anakhu, Joy Tolulope (New York)

Anci, Joseph (New York)

Andersen, Jane Elizabeth (New York)

Aribakan, Suzanne Emily (New York)

Arko, Christopher G. (New York)

Aroubas, Shlomit (New York)

Ashanti, Karl J. (New York)

Auletta, Steven Joseph (New York)

Bahrenburg, Richard (New York)

Bailey, Percival Roberts (New York)

Balog, Aliza Jordana (New York)

Bardauskis, Elizabeth (New York)

Barker, Kami Zumbach (New York)

Barker, Nikki Lynn (New York)

Barnett, Camille Danielle (New York)

Barrett, Danielle (New York)

Bassett, David De (New York)

Bauman, Wesley Eugene (New York)

Beath, Patrick Neil (New York)

Beck, Curt Peter (New York)

Becker, Elizabeth Joan (New York)

Becker, Jonathan Starr (New York)

Bergman, Zachary Russell (New York)

Birnbaum, Janice Louise (New York)

Birnbaum, Brooke Allyson (New York)

Blackman, Duane Gordon (New York)

Bloom, Karl Adam (New York)

Bloom, Aaron Michael (New York)

Booth, Amatullah Khaliha (New York)

Bouriat, Christopher Saleh (New York)

Box, Ingrid U. (New York)

Branch, Cassandra Natasha (New York)

Braun, Daniel Michael (New York)

Brennan, Ave Maria (New York)

Bridge, Matthew (New York)

Brocker, Peter William (New York)

Brooks, Jeffrey Charles (New York)

Brown, Norman Jeffrey (New York)

Brown, Cherie N. (New York)

Brustein, Evan (New York)

Bruzzese, Sheryl Ann (New York)

Buch, June R. (New York)

Burgess, Christine C. (New York)

Byrns, Katherine Abigail (New York)

Calistro, Phyllis Gail (New York)

Campbell-Priveterre, Joyce D. (New York)

Canfield, Donna Anne (New York)

Cannella, Nicholas M. (New York)

Carbone, Christian D (New York)

Cardozo, Michael A. (New York)

Carpenter, Megan Burrows (New York)

Carson, Maryanne (New York)

Castro, Johana Vanessa (New York)

Cavalieri, Meghan Ann (New York)

Ceballo, Brian Paul (New York)

Ceres, Rudyard W (New York)

Ceriello, Colin M. (New York)

Chen, Cheng Linna (New York)

Chen, Caroline Ling-Yu (New York)

Cheung, Carla Lyn (New York)

Chiu, Daniel (New York)

Ciappetta, Nicholas R. (New York)

Cicala, Joanne M (New York)

Clark, Shawn Raymond (New York)

Cohen, Jessica Talia (New York)

Collyer, Adam Edward (New York)

Comfrey, Kathleen Marie (New York)

Conger, Megan Patricia (New York)

Connolly, Kevin Patrick (New York)

Cooke, Brenda Elaine (New York)

Cooper, David Allen (New York)

Corsi, Alexandra (New York)

Costa, Richard J. (New York)

Coyne, Jennifer Angela (New York)

Crowe, Alicia Marie (New York)

Cunha, Zachary A. (New York)

Daitz, Elizabeth M. (New York)

D'Andrea, Theresa Jeanine (New York)

Dantowitz, Jeffrey Scott (New York)

Dawkins, Julinda A. (New York)

Deatley, Tavish C. (New York)

DeCastro, Maria Fernanda (New York)

DePaul, Philip Rudolph (New York)

Depoian, Carolyn Kay (New York)

Depugh, David Lee (New York)

Dervin, James Monroe (New York)

Desmond, James Finbar (New York)

Devlin, Austa S. (New York)

Disenso, Anthony Matthew (New York)

Dole-Merson, Vivian (New York)

Dollin, Elizabeth Wizeman (New York)

Donahue, Linda (New York)

Donoghue, Gail (New York)

Dougherty, Jeffrey Anthony (New York)

Downs, Alexis (New York)

Dufficy, Doreen (New York)

Duhaime, Tila Marie (New York)

Duke, Brandon W. (New York)

Edmonds, Elizabeth (New York)

Eichenholtz, Eric Jay (New York)

Eichenholtz, Seth D. (New York)

Eison, Howard (New York)

Elfenbein, Randall Marc (New York)

Englert, Eviana Linnea (New York)

Evans, Sarah Beth (New York)

Fabian, Shawn David (New York)

Faddis, Hannah Victoria (New York)

Fain, Courtney Patrice (New York)

Farrar, Brian Jeremy (New York)

Farrell, Odile Maun (New York)

Farrell, Peter Gerard (New York)

Ferrell, Erin Laree (New York)

Fett, Baree Nichole (New York)

Fitzgibbon, Kaitlin E. (New York)

Fogarty, Peter John (New York)

Ford, Janet (New York)

Fraenkel, William Solomon (New York)

Francolla, Brian Christopher (New York)

Frank, Philip S. (New York)

Fretel, Anna Nguyen (New York)

Friedman, Joshua Mathew (New York)

Frommer, Hillary Ann (New York)

Fudim, Elissa Paulette (New York)

Garman, Ashley Rebecca (New York)

Gertzer, Michael Keith (New York)

Giambrone, Jessica (New York)

Gill, Rippi (New York)

Giovanatti, Neil Anthony (New York)

Goetz, Paul Allan (New York)

Goldman, Cynthia (New York)

Gomez-Sanchez, Daniel Sergio (New York)

Goykadosh, Brachah (New York)

Greenfield, Blanche Jayne (New York)

Gutmann, Joseph Aaron (New York)

Haber, Erica Michelle (New York)

Haberman, Paul Stuart (New York)

Hagopian, Caleb Charles (New York)

Haider, Bilal Husain (New York)

Halbardier, Suzanne M. (New York)

Hall, Randolph Warren (New York)

Hallman, James Lamar (New York)

Hanlon, Craig Andrew (New York)

Harvis, Gabriel Paul (New York)

Hazan, David M. (New York)

Heer, Christopher Lee (New York)

Heim, Douglas William (New York)

Hoffman, Beth J (New York)

Horton, James Fredrick (New York)

Houghton, Jonathan Morgan (New York)

Hovan, Aaron D. (New York)

Hudson, Maurice L (New York)

Jacobs, Stuart E. (New York)

Jacobs, Elissa Beth (New York)

Jaffe, Evan F. (New York)

Jenerette, Tonya (New York)

Johnson, Paul Hasan (New York)

Jorgensen, Jeremy Laurence (New York)

Joyce, Kimberly Marie (New York)

Jr, Thomas Michael (New York)

Jr, Martin John (New York)

Jr, Ricardo Tapia (New York)

Jr, Gerald Stephen (New York)

Kantor, Scott Justin (New York)

Kelly, Timothy Joseph (New York)

Kelly, Richard (New York)

Kilduff, Kathleen Marie (New York)

Kirby, Roger W (New York)

Kitzinger, Stephen Edward (New York)

Kleinman, Alan H. (New York)

Klepfish, Issac (New York)

Kloss, David W. (New York)

Koduru, Jennifer Lilly (New York)

Kranis, Jay Alan (New York)

Krasnow, Elizabeth Norris (New York)

Krishnan, Sabita Lakshmi (New York)

Kruk, Carolyn Elizabeth (New York)

Kunz, Morgan David (New York)

Kuruvilla, Ben (New York)

Larkin, Arthur Gabriel (New York)

Lax, Joshua Joseph (New York)

Lebeaux, Edward Walter (New York)

Leist, Alexis Lucia (New York)

Lemonedes, James M. (New York)

Lerner, Richard E. (New York)

Lesser, Robert I. (New York)

Lichterman, Ariel Shaun (New York)

Lippin, Louise H (New York)

Lively, Lauren Almquist (New York)

Loperfido, Jeffrey (New York)

Low-Beer, John Rudolf (New York)

Lucas, Andrew Joseph (New York)

Lulich, Aimee Kara (New York)

MacFarlane, Katherine Alice (New York)

Mahon, Pamela Lynam (New York)

Manningham, Nicholas Daniel (New York)

Mansoor, Dustin Peter (New York)

Marquez, Jorge (New York)

Martin, Kathryn E (New York)

Marutollo, Joseph Anthony (New York)

Maxey, Brian Guenther (New York)

Mbabazi, Deborah L. (New York)

Mbaye, Lesley Berson (New York)

McCann, Max Oliver (New York)

McLaren, Joanne M. (New York)

McMahon, Kate Fay (New York)

McNally, Keri Reid (New York)

McQueen, Matthew W (New York)

Melissinos, Nicholas (New York)

Mendez, Ivan A. (New York)

Mettham, Suzanna Publicker (New York)

Mindrutiu, Linda Margareta (New York)

Minko, Anthony James (New York)

Minnah-Donkoh, Kuuku Angate (New York)

Mirro, James (New York)

Mitchell, Alison Sue (New York)

Mixson, Mark Sterling (New York)

Modafferi, Matthew Joseph (New York)

Moe, Alison G. (New York)

Montoya, Concepcion A. (New York)

Moschella, James (New York)

Moston, Rachel Kane (New York)

Mouton, Gregory Paul (New York)

Moy, Gary (New York)

Multer, Andrew Jay (New York)

Murray, Diana Marsh (New York)

Muschenheim, Mark W. (New York)

Myerberg, Andrew Thomas (New York)

Myrvold, Barry K. (New York)

Najib, Mona Vivian (New York)

Nam, Rosemari Y. (New York)

Naughton, Kathleen Erin (New York)

Naughton, Karen (New York)

Nemetz, Mark John (New York)

Neufeld, Sheryl Rebecca (New York)

Ng, William H (New York)

Nguyen, Diep (New York)

Nimick, Virginia Jackson (New York)

Noble, Alexander Macrae (New York)

Obeid, Fran (New York)

O'Brien, John Charles (New York)

O'Connor, Andrea Mary (New York)

O'Connor, Katie Colleen (New York)

O'Flynn, Mary Theresa (New York)

Okereke, Amy Nkemka (New York)

Okoh, Okwede Niesha (New York)

Olds, Dara Ain (New York)

Oliner, Daniel H. (New York)

Osmond, Mark Andrew (New York)

O'Sullivan, Mary M (New York)

Owen, Andrew Galway (New York)

Parra, Elan David (New York)

Passeser, Daniel Louis (New York)

Patrick, Bradford Collins (New York)

Payne, Steven R. (New York)

Pestana, Georgia Mary (New York)

Pierre, Lucienne (New York)

Pogula, Monica Mongillo (New York)

Pollack, David Michael (New York)

Porter, Eric Brent (New York)

Priveterre, Joyce Diane (New York)

Profeta, Lawrence John (New York)

Proshansky, Eric (New York)

Publicker, Suzanna Hallie (New York)

Pullio, Robyn Nicole (New York)

Rabinowitz, Lisa S. (New York)

Rauchberg, Andrew James (New York)

Razzano, Pasquale A. (New York)

Reddy, Prathyusha Bandi (New York)

Reilly, Kathleen Deborah (New York)

Renaghan, Sean Robert (New York)

Richards, Camiel S. (New York)

Richardson, Lisa Marie (New York)

Rivera, Suzette Corinne (New York)

Roberts, Thomas B. (New York)

Rodriguez, Wilda J. (New York)

Rose, Kurt Brian (New York)

Rosenbaum, Bruce (New York)

Rosenkilde, Kiran Hans (New York)

Rosenthal, Gary Philip (New York)

Rossan, Jennifer Amy (New York)

Rowntree, Laura C. (New York)

Rubin, Jennifer Lindsay (New York)

Rubin, Joshua Paul (New York)

Rubinstein, Yuval (New York)

Ryan, Erin Teresa (New York)

Saavedra, Daniel G. (New York)

Sadok, Melanie Vogel (New York)

Saint-Fort, Dominique F. (New York)

Saleem, Afsaan (New York)

Sampale, Suvarna S. (New York)

Santiago, Leticia Joy (New York)

Savino, Kimberly Marie (New York)

Scharfstein, Susan P. (New York)

Scheiner, Alan Howard (New York)

Schnittman, Evan Robert (New York)

Schowengerdt, John S (New York)

Schuman, Jennifer Helen (New York)

Seacord, Christopher Aaron (New York)

Seligman, Rachel Amy (New York)

Selvin, Karen Beth (New York)

Shaffer, Ryan Glenn (New York)

Shammas, Cheryl Leah (New York)

Shoffel, Amanda (New York)

Shtelmakher, Milena (New York)

Siaw, Stephanie Ahyemah (New York)

Siddiqi, Omar Javed (New York)

Signorelli, Richard (New York)

Silver, Cecilia Ann (New York)

Silverberg, Steven Mark (New York)

Silverman, Scott Craig (New York)

Silvermintz, Robyn Leigh (New York)

Singer, Zev Samuel (New York)

Singleton, Gerald E. (New York)

Siskind, Shira Rachel (New York)

Sitaras, Basil Constantine (New York)

Smith, Jordan Michael (New York)

Smith, Valerie Elizabeth (New York)

Smith, Katherine Elizabeth (New York)

Smith, Qiana Charmaine (New York)

Smith-Williams, Qiana Charmaine (New York)

Sohn, Liza Jin (New York)

Speight, Melanie Mary (New York)

Sprovieri, Kathryn M (New York)

Stackhouse, Noreen M. (New York)

Stavridis, Steve (New York)

Stearman, Gary Kenneth (New York)

Stein, Haley Hara (New York)

Stein, Matthew E. (New York)

Stern, Steven Charles (New York)

Stitelman, Emily (New York)

Stockman, Benjamin Eldridge (New York)

Stodola, Damion Kenneth (New York)

Suarez, Michael Anthony (New York)

Sud, Sumit (New York)

Sundaran, Raju (New York)

Swartz, Rhiana L. (New York)

Switzer, Cindy E. (New York)

Tann, Sabrina Melissa (New York)

Telfort, Pernell Michael (New York)

Thadani, Kavin Suresh (New York)

Thomas, Gillian C (New York)

Travis, Binyomin (New York)

Villanueva, Paul Michael (New York)

Vizzo, Ana Maria (New York)

Voigt, Diana Goell (New York)

Wachs, Melissa (New York)

Waldauer, Jonathan Max (New York)

Walker, Peter Arnold (New York)

Weiler, Fred Michael (New York)

Weinblatt, Amy J. (New York)

Weiner, Joshua Alan (New York)

Weingarten, Richard Keith (New York)

Weir, Matthew Charles (New York)

Weiss, Dara Lynn (New York)

Weiss, Lisa Ann (New York)

Weiss, Jed Matthew (New York)

Welch, Alicia Hayley (New York)

Wells, Elizabeth A. (New York)

Weng, Jenny (New York)

Wenzel, Andrew Patrick (New York)

Wertheimer, Joshua Chanan (New York)

West, Eric Howard (New York)

Wilson, Angharad K (New York)

Winningham, Katherine K (New York)

Winslow, Lamar Devaughn (New York)

Yi, Gloria Mihee (New York)

Zangrilli, Joseph Peter (New York)

Zgodny, Vicki Becker (New York)

Zimmerman, Tobias Eli (New York)

Zuber, Hugh A. (New York)

Zuckerman, Mark David (New York)

Other

Gredd, Helen A. (New York)

Attorney Contact Information via CourtListener

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

1:07-cv-02994	Docket [PACER]	June 3, 2013	June 3, 2013 Docket
1 1:07-cv-02994	Complaint	July 24, 2007	July 24, 2007 Complaint
77 1:07-cv-02994	Order/Approval of Infant Compromise and Settlement of Wrongful Death Action	Sept. 24, 2010	Sept. 24, 2010 Order/Opinion
80 1:07-cv-02994	Stipulation of Settlement and Order of Dismissal	Oct. 6, 2010	Oct. 6, 2010 Settlement Agreement

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Resources

Resources related to this case
Title	Description		External URL Date / External URL
New York to Pay $7 Million for Sean Bell Shooting David W. Chen and Al Baker	Closing a key chapter in one of the most controversial police shootings in recent memory, New York City agreed on Tuesday to pay more than $7 million to settle a federal lawsuit filed by the family a…	July 27, 2010	July 27, 2010 https://www.nytimes.com/...

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Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4319244/bell-v-the-city-of-new-york/

Last updated Aug. 21, 2026, 5:25 a.m.

Docket for: Bell v. The City of New York

ECF Number	Date	Description	Link
1	July 24, 2007	COMPLAINT against Paul Headley, Micheal Cary, Marc Cooper, Gescard Isnora, Michael Oliver, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department $ 350, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell, Joseph Guzman, Trent Benefield. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet) (Davis, Kimberly) (Entered: 07/24/2007) 1 Civil Cover Sheet View on PACER 2 Civil Cover Sheet View on PACER	Clearinghouse
	July 24, 2007	Summons Issued as to Paul Headley, Micheal Cary, Marc Cooper, Gescard Isnora, Michael Oliver, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Davis, Kimberly)
2	Aug. 2, 2007	AFFIDAVIT of Service for summons and complaint served on PO Michael Cary and PO Michael Oliver on July 31, 2007, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 08/02/2007)	RECAP
3	Aug. 22, 2007	AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons and Complaint served on P.O. Gescard Isnora on August 7, 2007, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 08/22/2007)	RECAP
4	Aug. 23, 2007	MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by The City of New York. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 08/23/2007)	RECAP
5	Aug. 23, 2007	Letter joining in application by Gescard Isnora, Michael Oliver (Moschella, James) (Entered: 08/23/2007)	RECAP
6	Aug. 23, 2007	ORDER granting in part 4 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer: Application granted in part, for a period of 30 days (on consent). Defendant shall respond to the Complaint by September 19, 2007. Ordered by Judge Roanne L. Mann on 8/23/07. (Johnson, Joshua) (Entered: 08/23/2007)	RECAP
7	Aug. 29, 2007	AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons and Complaint served on P.O. Paul Headley on August 8, 2007, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 08/29/2007)	RECAP
8	Aug. 31, 2007	NOTICE of Appearance by Richard Ernest Signorelli on behalf of Micheal Cary (aty to be noticed) (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 08/31/2007)	RECAP
9	Sept. 11, 2007	STIPULATION and Order (Proposed) regarding adjournment of time to respond to complaint by Micheal Cary (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 09/11/2007)	RECAP
10	Sept. 12, 2007	ORDER re 9 Stipulation filed by Micheal Cary. Application granted. Answer due 10/5/07. Ordered by Judge Roanne L. Mann on 09/12/07. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/12/2007)	RECAP
11	Sept. 19, 2007	MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint, by The City of New York. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 09/19/2007)	RECAP
12	Sept. 20, 2007	ENDORSED ORDER granting 11 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer re 11 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint, The City of New York answer due 10/5/2007.. Ordered by JudgeRoanne L. Mann on 09/20/07. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/20/2007)	RECAP
13	Sept. 24, 2007	AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons and Complaint served on The City of New York and The New York City Police Department on September 20, 2007, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 09/24/2007)	RECAP
14	Sept. 27, 2007	MOTION to Stay the entire action until the criminal prosecutions of defendants Oliver, Isnora, and Cooper are Concluded by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 09/27/2007)	RECAP
15	Sept. 28, 2007	Letter Re: Advising Court of trial date for the criminal trials of the individual defendants by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department (Hazan, David) (Entered: 09/28/2007)	RECAP
16	Sept. 28, 2007	RESPONSE to Motion re 14 MOTION to Stay the entire action until the criminal prosecutions of defendants Oliver, Isnora, and Cooper are Concluded filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 09/28/2007)	RECAP
17	Sept. 28, 2007	REPLY to Response to Motion re 14 MOTION to Stay the entire action until the criminal prosecutions of defendants Oliver, Isnora, and Cooper are Concluded filed by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 09/28/2007)	RECAP
18	Oct. 2, 2007	Minute Order. Proceedings held before Judge Roanne L. Mann : Telephone Conference held on 10/1/2007. The parties agree in principle that the civil action should be stayed through the verdict in the related criminal case. The parties shall file a stipulation too that effect, to be so-ordered by the Court, by 10/5/07. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 10/02/2007)	RECAP
19	Oct. 4, 2007	STIPULATION Staying the civil case until related criminal case is decided in Supreme Court of Queens County by Trent Benefield (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 10/04/2007)	RECAP
20	Oct. 4, 2007	STIPULATION AND ORDER re 19 Stipulation filed by Trent Benefield. Application granted. Counsel for the plaintiffs will notify this court by ECF of such verdict and request a conference on the above civil case. Ordered by Judge Roanne L. Mann on 10/04/07. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 10/04/2007)	RECAP
21	Oct. 4, 2007	Letter by Micheal Cary (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 10/04/2007)	RECAP
22	Oct. 5, 2007	AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons and Complaint served on P.O. Marc Cooper on October 2, 2007, filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 10/05/2007)	RECAP
23	Oct. 9, 2007	NOTICE of Appearance by James M. Moschella on behalf of Paul Headley, Marc Cooper, Gescard Isnora, Michael Oliver (aty to be noticed) (Moschella, James) (Entered: 10/09/2007)	RECAP
24	Oct. 16, 2007	STIPULATION Staying civil case until criminal verdict is reached by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 10/16/2007)	RECAP
25	Oct. 18, 2007	AMENDED STIPULATION AND ORDER re 24 Stipulation filed by Nicole Paultre Bell request for a stay until a verdict is reached in the related criminal case currently pending in Supreme Court, Queens County. Application granted. Ordered by Judge Roanne L. Mann on 10/18/07. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 10/18/2007)	RECAP
26	June 20, 2008	ORDER re 25 Order. As the related criminal case in Supreme Court, Queens County, has ended, this case is no longer stayed. See Amended Stipulation and Order entered on October 18, 2007. Therefore, the parties are directed to confer and, by June 27, 2008, to file by ECF a proposed schedule for discovery. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 06/20/08. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 06/20/2008)	RECAP
27	June 27, 2008	MOTION to Adjourn Conference by Nicole Paultre Bell, Joseph Guzman, Trent Benefield. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 06/27/2008)	RECAP
28	June 27, 2008	MOTION to Vacate 26 Order, for the parties' to file a proposed order of discovery by June 27, 2008 and instead schedule an in person conference to discuss the parties' ideas about how the case should proceed at this juncture by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 06/27/2008)	RECAP
29	June 30, 2008	ORDER granting in part 27 and 28 : An in-person conference will be held on 7/16/08 at noon. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 6/30/08. (Kunkle, Nathaniel) (Entered: 06/30/2008)	RECAP
30	July 3, 2008	NOTICE of Appearance by Caryn A. Rosencrantz on behalf of The City of New York (aty to be noticed) (Rosencrantz, Caryn) (Entered: 07/03/2008)	RECAP
31	July 16, 2008	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Status Conference held on 7/16/2008. Plaintiffs request that discovery continue to be stayed during the pendency of the Dep't of Justice investigation. All defendants consent. The request is granted. The parties shall submit a status report when the DOJ investigation concludes or by 10/31/08, whichever occurs first. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 07/16/2008)	RECAP
32	Oct. 30, 2008	Letter status by Nicole Paultre Bell (Attachments: # 1 status letter) (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 10/30/2008)	RECAP
33	Oct. 31, 2008	STATUS REPORT ORDER re 32 Letter filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. The parties shall submit an updated status report. Status Report due by 2/6/2009. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 10/31/08. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 10/31/2008)	RECAP
34	Feb. 4, 2009	Letter status by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 02/04/2009)	RECAP
35	Feb. 5, 2009	STATUS REPORT ORDER re 34 Letter filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. The parties shall submit an updated status report by 5/21/09. So ordered. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 2/5/2009. (Ormand, Justin) (Grant, Ashley). (Entered: 02/05/2009)	RECAP
36	June 17, 2009	STATUS REPORT by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department (Hazan, David) (Entered: 06/17/2009)	RECAP
37	June 18, 2009	ENDORSED ORDER re 36 Status Report filed by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. The parties shall file an updated status report by 10/2/09. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 6/17/2009. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 06/18/2009)	RECAP
38	Sept. 29, 2009	Letter status letter to Judge Mann by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 09/29/2009)	RECAP
39	Sept. 30, 2009	ENDORSED ORDER re 38 Letter filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. The parties shall file an updated status report by 1/8/10. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 9/30/2009. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/30/2009)	RECAP
40	Jan. 6, 2010	Letter by Nicole Paultre Bell, Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 01/06/2010)	RECAP
41	Jan. 7, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER re 40 Letter filed by Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman, Nicole Paultre Bell. Plaintiffs shall file an updated status report by 4/5/10. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 1/7/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 01/07/2010)	RECAP
42	Feb. 16, 2010	Letter MOTION to Stay Lift The Stay by Nicole Paultre Bell, Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 02/16/2010)	RECAP
	Feb. 16, 2010	Notice of Hearings: Status Conference set for 3/10/2010 09:30 AM in Courtroom 6B South before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. (Rodriguez, Ana)
43	Feb. 17, 2010	NOTICE of Appearance by Kathleen Erin Naughton on behalf of The City of New York (aty to be noticed) (Naughton, Kathleen) (Entered: 02/17/2010)	RECAP
44	Feb. 18, 2010	MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response to Plaintiff's Request to Lift Stay by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Naughton, Kathleen) (Entered: 02/18/2010)	RECAP
45	Feb. 18, 2010	RESPONSE to Motion re 44 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response to Plaintiff's Request to Lift Stay filed by Nicole Paultre Bell, Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 02/18/2010)	RECAP
46	Feb. 19, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER deferring ruling on 42 Motion to Stay pending further submissions by the parties and the outcome of the status conference before Judge Johnson on 3/10/10. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 2/19/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 02/19/2010)	RECAP
47	Feb. 19, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER granting, with plaintiffs' consent 44 Motion for Extension of Time to File response to plaintiffs' motion to stay. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 2/19/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 02/19/2010)	RECAP
48	Feb. 19, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER re 45 Response to Motion filed by Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman, Nicole Paultre Bell. Plaintiffs' request to schedule a conference during the week of 3/8/10, is denied without prejudice, pending the outcome of the status conference before Judge Johnson on 3/10/10. Plaintiffs' request for permission to respond to any defense request to continue the stay is granted. Plaintiffs' response shall be filed by 3/2/10. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 2/19/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 02/19/2010)	RECAP
49	Feb. 25, 2010	MOTION to Stay Pending NYPD investigation by The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Naughton, Kathleen) (Entered: 02/25/2010)	RECAP
50	March 2, 2010	RESPONSE to Motion re 49 MOTION to Stay Pending NYPD investigation opposition filed by Nicole Paultre Bell, Trent Benefield, Joseph Guzman. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 03/02/2010)	RECAP
	March 10, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr: Case called. Scott Rynecki, Sanford Rubenstein and Michael Hardy appearing for plaintiffs. Kathleen Naughton, Caryn Rosencrantz, David Hazan, James Moschella and Richard Signorelli appearing for defendants. Status Conference held on 3/10/2010. Plaintiffs' request to lift the stay in this matter is denied. Defense counsels' request to adjourn to allow the police department to resolve the administrative proceedings, opposed by plaintiffs, is granted in part. The matter is adjourned for a Status Conference set for 5/6/2010 09:30 AM in Courtroom 6B South before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. (Court Reporter Shelly Silverman.) (Rodriguez, Ana)
	March 12, 2010	ORDER denying 42 Motion to Stay as per Status Conference held on 3/10/2010 ( see minute entry above). Ordered by Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr on 3/10/2010. (Rocco, Christine)
	March 12, 2010	ORDER granting in part 49 Motion to Stay as per status conference held on 3/10/2010 (See minute entry above). Ordered by Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr on 3/10/2010. (Rocco, Christine)
	May 4, 2010	Notice of Hearings: Status Conference set for 5/6/2010 is adjourned to 5/18/2010 09:30 AM in Courtroom 6B South before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. If this assigned date presents a conflict to any party, a request to further adjourn must be made in writing and be filed electronically in a timely manner, as per the Court's individual rules. Last-minute requests to adjourn which are based on the adjournment ordered herein will not be entertained. (Rodriguez, Ana)
51	May 18, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Initial Conference Hearing held on 5/18/2010. Answers to the complaint shall be filed by 6/18/10. Defendant Carey's request for a premotion conference before Judge Johnson shall be filed by 5/28/10. Discovery is not stayed. Next settlement conference scheduled for 7/20/10 at 9:30 a.m. The settlement conference must be attended by a decisionmaker for the City, as well as plaintiffs. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 05/18/2010)	RECAP
	May 18, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr: Case called. All parties present. Status Conference held on 5/18/2010. Plaintiff's request to lift the stay is granted. Parties are to go before the magistrate judge to proceed with discovery. Parties indicate a trial would be approximately two weeks. Status Conference set for 9/8/2010 09:30 AM in Courtroom 6B South before Senior Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. (Court Reporter Burt Sulzer.) (Rodriguez, Ana)
52	May 28, 2010	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Pre-motion conference letter by Micheal Cary. (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 05/28/2010)	RECAP
53	May 28, 2010	ORDER granting 52 Motion for Extension of Time to File. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 5/28/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 05/28/2010)	RECAP
54	June 2, 2010	Letter Requesting Pre-motion Conference by Micheal Cary (Attachments: # 1 Rule 56.1 Statement) (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 06/02/2010)	RECAP
55	June 8, 2010	MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply to pre-motion letter dated June 2, 2010 by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 06/08/2010)	RECAP
	June 8, 2010	ORDER granting 55 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Ordered by Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr on 6/8/2010.(Figeroux, Davina)
56	June 11, 2010	MOTION to Adjourn Conference Scheduled for July 20, 2010 by The City of New York. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 06/11/2010)	RECAP
57	June 15, 2010	Letter opposing The City's application to adjourn conference by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 06/15/2010)	RECAP
58	June 15, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER granting, in part 56 Motion to Adjourn Conference. Notwithstanding plaintiff's objection to the defense request, the Court has no desire to go forward with a settlement conference that is likely to be unproductive. The Court is prepared to adjourn the conference, but not until September; it will instead be held on 7/26/19 (and, if need be, 7/27/10) commencing at 9:30 a.m. Clients and persons with settlement decisionmaking must attend. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 6/15/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 06/15/2010)	RECAP
59	June 16, 2010	Letter opposing defendant carries request to seek Summary Judgment Motion by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 06/16/2010)	RECAP
60	June 17, 2010	ANSWER to 1 Complaint, and, CROSSCLAIM against The City of New York by Marc Cooper, Michael Oliver, Gescard Isnora. (Moschella, James) (Entered: 06/17/2010)	RECAP
61	June 18, 2010	ANSWER to 1 Complaint, by Paul Headley, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Hazan, David) (Entered: 06/18/2010)	RECAP
62	June 18, 2010	ANSWER to 1 Complaint,, CROSSCLAIM against The New York City Police Department, Marc Cooper, Michael Oliver, The City of New York, Paul Headley, Gescard Isnora, COUNTERCLAIM against Nicole Paultre Bell by Micheal Cary. (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 06/18/2010)	RECAP
63	June 28, 2010	ANSWER to 62 Answer to Complaint, Crossclaim, Counterclaim, 60 Answer to Complaint, Crossclaim, ANSWER to 62 Answer to Complaint, Crossclaim, Counterclaim, 60 Answer to Complaint, Crossclaim by Paul Headley, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Naughton, Kathleen) (Entered: 06/28/2010)	RECAP
64	July 2, 2010	AMENDED ANSWER to Complaint, Amended CROSSCLAIM against The City of New York, The New York City Police Department, Amended COUNTERCLAIM against Nicole Paultre Bell by Micheal Cary. (Signorelli, Richard) (Entered: 07/02/2010)	RECAP
	July 12, 2010	ORDER re 54 Letter filed by Micheal Cary. REQUEST DENIED with leave to renew at the close of discovery. Ordered by Senior Judge Sterling Johnson, Jr on 7/12/2010. (Figeroux, Davina)
65	July 22, 2010	ANSWER to 64 Amended Answer to Complaint, Crossclaim, Counterclaim by Paul Headley, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Naughton, Kathleen) (Entered: 07/22/2010)	RECAP
66	July 27, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Settlement Conference held on 7/26/2010. The Court conducts settlement discussions with the parties and gives them until tomorrow to respond to the Court's settlement proposal. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 07/27/2010)	RECAP
67	July 28, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Settlement Conference held on 7/27/2010. The parties reject the Court's settlement proposal but, after hours of continued negotiations, reach a global settlement, the terms of which are placed on the record. The Court allocutes each of the plaintiffs regarding his/her agreement to settlement. Counsel shall prepare the settlement papers and file a status report by 8/9/10. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 07/28/2010)	RECAP
68	July 28, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER on letter dated 7/26/10 from Janon Fisher, New York Post, requesting access and a copy of the audio recording of the on-the-record portions of the settlement conference in the Bell, et al. v. The City of New York case. Now that the proceeding has concluded, the application is granted. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 7/27/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 07/28/2010)	RECAP
69	July 29, 2010	CONSENT to Jurisdiction by US Magistrate Judge by Nicole Paultre Bell, Trent Benefield, Micheal Cary, Marc Cooper, Joseph Guzman, Paul Headley, Gescard Isnora, Michael Oliver, The City of New York, The New York City Police Department. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 07/29/2010)	RECAP
70	Aug. 5, 2010	STATUS REPORT by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 08/05/2010)	RECAP
71	Aug. 16, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Telephone Conference held on 8/16/2010. The Court inquires about the reason for characterizing the Bell settlement as wrongful death as opposed to loss of consortium. Plaintiffs' counsel will consult with an estate planner and get back to the Court. (Mariadason, Thomas) (Entered: 08/16/2010)	RECAP
72	Sept. 21, 2010	SCHEDULING ORDER: As indicated at the settlement conference in July, the Court believes that the overall settlement is fair and reasonable. The Court's only concern is with the fees. A telephone conference to address the fees will be held on September 23, 2010, at 3:00 p.m. Plaintiffs' counsel shall initiate the call. Each attorney for the Bell plaintiffs shall participate, as shall counsel for the City of New York. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 9/21/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/21/2010)	RECAP
73	Sept. 22, 2010	ORDER The Court requests that Nicole Paultre Bell participate in tomorrow's telephone conference. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 9/22/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/22/2010)	RECAP
74	Sept. 23, 2010	ENDORSED ORDER on dated 9/23/10 News America Incorporated request that the Post's report, Janon Fisher, be given access to the telephonic settlement conference being held today. Application denied. See U.S. v. Glen Falls Newspapers, Inc. 160 F.3d 853, 858 (2d Cir. 1998). Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 9/23/2010. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/23/2010)	RECAP
75	Sept. 23, 2010	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Settlement/Telephone Conference held on 9/23/2010. The Court conducts a follow-up settlement conference to address the timing of payment to the Bell plaintiffs, as well as the reasonableness of the attorney's fees. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 09/23/2010)	RECAP
76	Sept. 24, 2010	Sealed document containing Proposed Death Compromise Order including the Petition of the Administratrix of the Estate and Attorneys' Affirmation. (Chee, Alvin) (Entered: 09/24/2010)	RECAP
77	Sept. 24, 2010	ORDER/APPROVAL OF INFANT COMPROMISE AND SETTLEMENT OF WRONGFUL DEATH ACTION: Action is hereby settled between plaintiff Nicole Paultre Bell and defendants in the total amount of $3,250,000.00. See document for further details. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 9/24/2010. (Chee, Alvin) (Entered: 09/24/2010)	Clearinghouse
78	Sept. 24, 2010	CONSENT to Jurisdiction by US Magistrate Judge. Case reassigned to Magistrate Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann. So ordered by Judge Johnson. (Vaughn, Terry) (Entered: 09/27/2010)	RECAP
79	Oct. 1, 2010	STIPULATION of Settlement and Order of Dismissal by The City of New York (Rosencrantz, Caryn) (Entered: 10/01/2010)	RECAP
	Oct. 1, 2010	ORDER: The Clerk of the Court closed this case yesterday. This is to confirm that the closure was with the right to reopen if the settlement is not consummated. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 10/1/2010. (Maynard, Pat)
80	Oct. 6, 2010	STIPULATION OF SETTLEMENT AND ORDER OF DISMISSAL, The City of NY agrees to pay plaintiff Nicole Paultre Bell, as administratrix of the Estate of Sean Elijah Bell the sum of $3,250,000; pltff Joseph Guzman the sum of $3,000,000 and plaintiff Trent Benefield the sum of $900,000 in full satisfaction of all claims, including claims for costs, expenses and attorney fees. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 10/4/2010) (Piper, Francine) (Entered: 10/06/2010)	Clearinghouse
82	April 12, 2013	ORDER The Court is in receipt of a letter on behalf of the plaintiff administratrix, requesting authorization for the release of certain settlement funds held in trust for the infant plaintiffs. The movant is directed to promptly file a formal application. The Court will then schedule a hearing on the request. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 4/12/2013. (Maynard, Pat) (Entered: 04/12/2013)	RECAP
	May 28, 2013	SCHEDULING ORDER re 83 Motion for Disbursement of Funds. A hearing on plaintiff's pending application (Electronic Case Filing Docket Entry #83) will be held on May 31, 2013 at 4:00 p.m. in Courtroom 13C South. Defense counsel need not appear. Ordered by Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann on 5/28/2013.(Williams, Jennifer)
84	June 3, 2013	Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Roanne L. Mann:Motion Hearing held on 5/31/2013 re 83 Motion for Disbursement of Funds, Sealed filed by Nicole Paultre Bell. The Court appoints Helen Gredd of Lankler, Siffert & Wohl as guardian ad litem for Ja.B and Jo.B. (Maynard, Pat) Modified to correcting date of hearing on 6/3/2013 (Maynard, Pat). Modified on 6/3/2013 (Marziliano, August). (Entered: 06/03/2013)	RECAP
	April 5, 2016	ELECTRONIC ORDER finding as moot 83 Motion for Disbursement of Funds. Ordered by Chief Mag. Judge Roanne L. Mann on 4/5/2016. (Dollar, Thomas)
	April 18, 2016	ELECTRONIC ORDER. On October 8, 2014, this Court directed that the docket in this case be placed under seal until filed documents containing the names of infant plaintiffs were corrected. Now, more than 18 months later, they still have not been corrected. The Clerk is directed to make the docket sheet and filings in this case accessible to parties only. Plaintiffs are advised to make the necessary corrections to their filings by April 25, 2016. Ordered by Chief Mag. Judge Roanne L. Mann on 4/18/2016. (Dollar, Thomas)
85	May 9, 2016	Letter MOTION for Release of Funds from Infant Account by Nicole Paultre Bell. (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 05/09/2016)	RECAP
86	May 17, 2016	Minute Entry Telephone Conference held before Chief Mag. Judge Roanne L. Mann on 5/17/2016. Plaintiff's counsel will promptly supplement their application (DE #85), as discussed during the conference. They have no objection to the Court's staff contacting the previously appointed guardian ad litem.(Williams, Jennifer) (Entered: 05/17/2016)	RECAP
	May 31, 2016	Mail Receipt
87	May 31, 2016	Letter Motion in conjunction with prior telephone conference by Nicole Paultre Bell (Rynecki, Scott) (Entered: 05/31/2016)	RECAP
	May 31, 2016	Mail receipt. The Court sent copies of DE #85 and DE #87, via email, to guardian ad litem Helen Gredd for her review. (Williams, Jennifer)

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Case Details

State / Territory:

New York

Case Type(s):

Policing

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: July 24, 2007

Case Ongoing: Perhaps, but long-dormant

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiffs are the fiancée and two friends of Sean Bell, the decedent, who was fatally shot by police on his wedding day. Bell's two friends were also injured during the shooting.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

City

City of New York

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Law-enforcement