Case: Sweet v. Cardona

3:19-cv-03674 | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California

Filed Date: June 25, 2019

Case Ongoing

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Case Summary

This is a case about the government’s inaction in the process of “borrower defenses,” in which the borrowers of federal student loans can request to cancel their loans based on the school’s misconduct. At the time of filing, more than 160,000 former college students are awaiting a decision on their borrower defenses. On June 25, 2019, seven students filed this class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiffs sued the United States…

On June 25, 2019, seven students filed this class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiffs sued the United States Department of Education and its Secretary under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). The plaintiffs claimed that the defendant, in violation of the APA § 706(1), failed to act on borrower defense applications (Count 1), and the defendant’s policy of refusing to grant any borrower defenses was arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law under the APA § 706(2) (Count 2).

Represented by Housing & Economic Rights Advocates, the plaintiffs sought to vacate the defendant’s policy of refusing to grant borrower defenses and to compel the defendant to grant or deny the class members’ borrower defense, as well as reasonable costs and attorneys’ fees. The case was initially assigned to Judge Nathanel M. Cousins, but reassigned to Judge William Alsup on July 9, 2019.

On July 23, plaintiffs filed a motion to certify class, which was granted on October 30. The class certified is all people who borrowed a student loan to pay for a program of higher education, who have asserted a borrower defense to repayment to the U.S. Department of Education, whose borrower defense has not been granted or denied. Class members of the other class action lawsuits (Calvillo Manriquez v. DeVos, No. 17-7106 (N.D. Cal.)) are excluded.

On September 12, 2019, the defendant filed a motion to dismiss Claim 2 of the complaint because the plaintiffs had not identified a final agency action subject to review under APA§ 706(2). The plaintiffs did not oppose the motion, and the court granted a partial motion to dismiss Count 2 of the complaint.

After both the plaintiffs and the defendant filed motions for summary judgment in December 2019, the parties reached a settlement and filed a joint motion for settlement on April 10, 2020. The court granted the motion for preliminary approval of the class settlement on May 22, 2020. The settlement imposed an eighteen-month deadline for the defendant to decide borrower defenses and a twenty-one-month deadline to effect relief for claims filed by April 7, 2020.

However, the court denied the parties’ September 17 motion for final approval and enforcement of the settlement agreement on October 19. The Department of Education had for several months been issuing generic denials to borrowers instead of adjudicating the applications on the borrower defenses, denying over 90% of applicants, and the court and plaintiffs had only recently become aware of the practice. Plaintiffs argued this practice violated the spirit of the proposed settlement and the APA. The court ordered the parties to resume discovery, as well as show cause for why the Secretary should not be enjoined from further denial of borrower-defense applications. Soon after, the Secretary stated that she would not issue any further denials and the court held it would not enjoin her.

On May 4, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a supplemental complaint that alleged that the defendant had not actually restarted processing borrower defenses and that the defendant had violated the law and the settlement by sending boilerplate denials without review. The plaintiffs asserted that the Secretary’s “presumption of denial” policy constituted further violations of the APA and the Due Process under the Fifth Amendment.

The plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment on June 9, 2022, and the defendants filed their own on June 23. However, the parties also filed their joint motion for preliminary approval of their second settlement in the midst of these filings, on June 22. The second settlement divided the class into three groups and required defendants to take the following actions for each group:

For class members who attended certain schools specified in the exhibit (Group 2), to give full, automatic relief, i.e., the loans will be discharged;
For class members other than Group 1 (Group 2), to determine borrower defenses within a specified period of time correlated to how long they have been waiting, and if a determination is not made within that period, the borrowers will receive full, automatic relief; and,
For those who submitted borrower defenses after June 22, 2022 (Group 3), to determine borrower defenses within three years of the submission, and if a determination is not made within that period, the borrowers will receive full, automatic relief.

On July 13, 2022, four schools, American National University (ANU), The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Everglades College, Inc., and Lincoln Educational Services Corporation, filed motions to intervene to oppose the second settlement.

On August 4, 2022, the court granted preliminary approval of the class settlement. The court reasoned that the Secretary had the legal authority to enter into the settlement, and the terms and conditions in the settlement were fair, reasonable, and adequate. All the intervenor’s objections were overruled because the settlement didn’t bind the schools and didn’t create any liability against them. Then, on October 16, the court granted final settlement approval, overruling all objections and dismissing the case with prejudice. The court retained jurisdiction as agreed upon in the settlement agreement.

On January 13, 2023, the intervenors filed a notice of appeal and a motion to stay pending appeal. The court denied the motion to stay pending appeal on February 24, 2023. The court reasoned that the settlement did not trigger any liability or harm against the intervenors and that there was no public interest in granting the motion because delaying relief would harm many borrowers. On March 29, 2023, the Ninth Circuit Court denied the motion to stay pending appeal, reasoning that the intervenors had not demonstrated there was a sufficient probability of irreparable harm that would justify a stay. The appellate court also denied the plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. The Supreme Court denied the application for stay on April 13, 2023.

On November 5, 2024, the Ninth Circuit Court issued the opinion affirming the district court’s decision and reasoning. While the Ninth Circuit acknowledged that the schools had standing based on alleged reputational harm, it held they lacked prudential standing because the settlement did not legally bind or prejudice them. The court also rejected arguments that the case was moot due to the settlement, finding that the plaintiffs’ claims remained live and the defendant’s voluntary policy changes could be reversed. It further concluded the schools lacked a legally protectable interest.

	Document
1 3:19-cv-03674	Class Action Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 Complaint
46 3:19-cv-03674	Order Granting Motion for Class Certification	Oct. 30, 2019	Oct. 30, 2019 Order/Opinion
146 3:19-cv-03674	Order Denying Class Settlement, to Resume Discovery, and to Show Cause	Oct. 19, 2020	Oct. 19, 2020 Order/Opinion
198 3:19-cv-03674	Supplemental Class Action Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief	May 4, 2021	May 4, 2021 Complaint
246-1 3:19-cv-03674	Settlement Agreement	June 22, 2022	June 22, 2022 Order/Opinion
307 3:19-cv-03674	Order Granting Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement	Aug. 4, 2022	Aug. 4, 2022 Order/Opinion
345 3:19-cv-03674	Order Granting Final Settlement Approval	Nov. 16, 2022	Nov. 16, 2022 Order/Opinion 641 F.Supp.3d 814
382 3:19-cv-03674	Order Re Motion to Stay Judgment Pending Appeal	Feb. 24, 2023	Feb. 24, 2023 Order/Opinion 657 F.Supp.3d 1260
393 3:19-cv-03674	Order in Pending Case	April 13, 2023	April 13, 2023 Order/Opinion
441 3:19-cv-03674	USCA Memorandum U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit	Nov. 5, 2024	Nov. 5, 2024 Order/Opinion 121 F.4th 32

ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
1	COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against All Defendants ( Filing fee $ 400, receipt number 0971-13464570.). Filed byAlicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Jessica Jacobson, Chenelle Archibald, Samuel Hood, Theresa Sweet, Tresa Apodaca. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(Connor, Eileen) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019) 1 Civil Cover Sheet View on RECAP	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 Clearinghouse
	~Util - Case Assigned by Intake	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 PACER
2	Proposed Summons. (Connor, Eileen) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019)	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
3	Certificate of Interested Entities by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet (Connor, Eileen) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019)	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
4	MOTION for leave to appear in Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee $ 310, receipt number 0971-13464585.) filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019) 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing View on RECAP	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
5	MOTION for leave to appear in Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee $ 310, receipt number 0971-13464586.) filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Merrill, Toby) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019) 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing View on RECAP	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
6	MOTION for leave to appear in Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee $ 310, receipt number 0971-13464603.) filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Taylor, Kyra) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019) 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing View on RECAP	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
7	Case assigned to Judge Nathanael M. Cousins. Counsel for plaintiff or the removing party is responsible for serving the Complaint or Notice of Removal, Summons and the assigned judge's standing orders and all other new case documents upon the opposing parties. For information, visit E-Filing A New Civil Case at http://cand.uscourts.gov/ecf/caseopening.Standing orders can be downloaded from the court's web page at www.cand.uscourts.gov/judges. Upon receipt, the summons will be issued and returned electronically. Counsel is required to send chambers a copy of the initiating documents pursuant to L.R. 5-1(e)(7). A scheduling order will be sent by Notice of Electronic Filing (NEF) within two business days. Consent/Declination due by 7/9/2019. (bwS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019)	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 PACER
8	Initial Case Management Scheduling Order with ADR Deadlines: Case Management Statement due by 9/18/2019. Initial Case Management Conference set for 9/25/2019 10:00 AM in San Jose, Courtroom 5, 4th Floor. (sfbS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019)	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
9	Summons Issued as to Elisabeth DeVos, U.S. Department of Education, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (sfbS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/25/2019) (Entered: 06/25/2019)	June 25, 2019	June 25, 2019 RECAP
10	ORDER GRANTING APPLICATION for Admission of Attorney Joshua Rovenger Pro Hac Vice representing Plaintiffs 4 . Signed by Judge Nathanael Cousins. (lmh, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/27/2019) (Entered: 06/27/2019)	June 27, 2019	June 27, 2019 RECAP
11	ORDER GRANTING APPLICATION for Admission of Attorney Toby Merrill Pro Hac Vice representing Plaintiffs 5 . Signed by Judge Nathanael Cousins. (lmh, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/27/2019) (Entered: 06/27/2019)	June 27, 2019	June 27, 2019 RECAP
12	ORDER GRANTING APPLICATION for Admission of Attorney Kyra Taylor Pro Hac Vice representing Plaintiffs 6 . Signed by Judge Nathanael Cousins. (lmh, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 6/27/2019) (Entered: 06/27/2019)	June 27, 2019	June 27, 2019 RECAP
13	CONSENT/DECLINATION to Proceed Before a US Magistrate Judge by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet.. (Taylor, Kyra) (Filed on 7/9/2019) (Entered: 07/09/2019)	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 RECAP
	~Util - Notice Assigning/ Reassigning Case (CRJ)	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 PACER
	Clerk's Notice of Impending Reassignment - Text Only	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 PACER
14	CLERK'S NOTICE OF IMPENDING REASSIGNMENT TO A U.S. DISTRICT COURT JUDGE: The Clerk of this Court will now randomly reassign this case to a District Judge because a party has not consented to the jurisdiction of a Magistrate Judge. You will be informed by separate notice of the district judge to whom this case is reassigned. ALL HEARING DATES PRESENTLY SCHEDULED BEFORE THE CURRENT MAGISTRATE JUDGE ARE VACATED. This is a text only docket entry; there is no document associated with this notice. (lmh, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/9/2019) (Entered: 07/09/2019)	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 PACER
15	This case will be randomly reassigned to a District Judge outside the San Jose Division pursuant to the Caseload Rebalancing Pilot Program approved by the Court effective March 1, 2018. For information, visit our web page at http://cand.uscourts.gov/news/225. (bwS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/9/2019) (Entered: 07/09/2019)	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 PACER
16	Case reassigned to Judge Judge William Alsup. Notice: The assigned judge participates in the Cameras in the Courtroom Pilot Project. See General Order No. 65 and http://cand.uscourts.gov/cameras. Magistrate Judge Nathanael M. Cousins no longer assigned to case. (Attachments: # 1 Notice of Eligibility for Video Recording) (bwS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/9/2019) (Entered: 07/09/2019) 1 Notice of Eligibility for Video Recording View on RECAP	July 9, 2019	July 9, 2019 RECAP
17	Certificate/Proof of Service for Summons and Complaint served on Elisabeth DeVos on June 26, 2019, filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/12/2019) Modified on 7/12/2019 (amgS, COURT STAFF). (Entered: 07/12/2019)	July 12, 2019	July 12, 2019 RECAP
	Clerk's Notice	July 12, 2019	July 12, 2019 PACER
18	Certificate/Proof of Service for Summons and Complaint served on Department of Education on June 26, 2019, filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/12/2019) Modified on 7/12/2019 (amgS, COURT STAFF). (Entered: 07/12/2019)	July 12, 2019	July 12, 2019 RECAP
19	CLERK'S NOTICE SCHEDULING CMC ON REASSIGNMENT: Case Management Statement due by 9/19/2019. Initial Case Management Conference set for 9/26/2019 11:00 AM in San Francisco, Courtroom 12, 19th Floor. Standing orders can be downloaded from the Court's web page at www.cand.uscourts.gov. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (tlhS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/12/2019) (Entered: 07/12/2019)	July 12, 2019	July 12, 2019 PACER
20	MOTION to Certify Class filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. Responses due by 8/6/2019. Replies due by 8/13/2019. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order, # 2 Declaration T. Sweet, # 3 Declaration T. Apodaca, # 4 Declaration C. Archibald, # 5 Declaration J. Jacobson, # 6 Declaration D. Deegan, # 7 Declaration A. Davis, # 8 Declaration S. Hood, # 9 Declaration N. Lyons, # 10 Declaration K. Taylor, # 11 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 1, # 12 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 2, # 13 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 3, # 14 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 4, # 15 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 5, # 16 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 6, # 17 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 7, # 18 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 8, # 19 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 9, # 20 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 10, # 21 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 11, # 22 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 12, # 23 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 13, # 24 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 14, # 25 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 15, # 26 Declaration J. Rovenger, # 27 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit A, # 28 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit B, Part 1, # 29 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit B, Part 2)(Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/23/2019) (Entered: 07/23/2019) 1 Proposed Order View on RECAP 2 Declaration T. Sweet View on RECAP 3 Declaration T. Apodaca View on RECAP 4 Declaration C. Archibald View on RECAP 5 Declaration J. Jacobson View on RECAP 6 Declaration D. Deegan View on RECAP 7 Declaration A. Davis View on RECAP 8 Declaration S. Hood View on RECAP 9 Declaration N. Lyons View on RECAP 10 Declaration K. Taylor View on RECAP 11 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 1 View on RECAP 12 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 2 View on RECAP 13 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 3 View on RECAP 14 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 4 View on RECAP 15 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 5 View on RECAP 16 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 6 View on RECAP 17 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 7 View on RECAP 18 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 8 View on RECAP 19 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 9 View on RECAP 20 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 10 View on RECAP 21 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 11 View on RECAP 22 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 12 View on RECAP 23 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 13 View on RECAP 24 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 14 View on RECAP 25 Exhibit Taylor Exhibit 15 View on RECAP 26 Declaration J. Rovenger View on RECAP 27 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit A View on RECAP 28 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit B, Part 1 View on RECAP 29 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit B, Part 2 View on RECAP	July 23, 2019	July 23, 2019 RECAP
21	EXHIBITS re 20 MOTION to Certify Class Rovenger Exhibit B, Part 3, and Rovenger Exhibit C, Part 1 filed byTresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit C, Part 1)(Related document(s) 20 ) (Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/23/2019) (Entered: 07/23/2019) 1 Exhibit Rovenger Exhibit C, Part 1 View on RECAP	July 23, 2019	July 23, 2019 RECAP
22	EXHIBITS re 20 MOTION to Certify Class, 21 Exhibits, Rovenger Exhibit C, Part 2 filed byTresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. (Related document(s) 20, 21 ) (Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/23/2019) (Entered: 07/23/2019)	July 23, 2019	July 23, 2019 RECAP
23	ADMINISTRATIVE MOTION For An Expedited Case Management Conference filed by Tresa Apodaca, Chenelle Archibald, Alicia Davis, Daniel Deegan, Samuel Hood, Jessica Jacobson, Theresa Sweet. Responses due by 8/5/2019. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration, # 2 Proposed Order)(Rovenger, Joshua) (Filed on 7/31/2019) (Entered: 07/31/2019) 1 Declaration View on RECAP 2 Proposed Order View on RECAP	July 31, 2019	July 31, 2019 RECAP
24	ORDER DENYING 23 ADMINISTRATIVE MOTION FOR AN EXPEDITED CASE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE. Signed by Judge William Alsup. (whalc2, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/1/2019) (Entered: 08/01/2019)	Aug. 1, 2019	Aug. 1, 2019 RECAP
25	CLERK'S NOTICE SETTING MOTION HEARING: Motion Hearing re 20 MOTION to Certify Class set for 9/26/2019 08:00 AM in San Francisco, Courtroom 12, 19th Floor before Judge William Alsup. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (tlhS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/2/2019) (Entered: 08/02/2019)	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 PACER
	Clerk's Notice	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 PACER
	~Util - Set Motion and Deadlines/Hearings	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 PACER
	Clerk's Notice Continuing Motion Hearing	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 PACER
26	CLERK'S NOTICE ADVANCING CMC: Initial Case Management Conference previously set for 9/26/2019 11:00 AM is rescheduled to 9/26/2019 08:00 AM in San Francisco, Courtroom 12, 19th Floor. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (tlhS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/2/2019) (Entered: 08/02/2019)	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 PACER
27	NOTICE of Appearance by R. Charlie Merritt (Merritt, R.) (Filed on 8/2/2019) (Entered: 08/02/2019)	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 RECAP
28	Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 20 MOTION to Certify Class filed by Elisabeth DeVos, U.S. Department of Education. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of R. Charlie Merritt, # 2 Proposed Order)(Merritt, R.) (Filed on 8/2/2019) (Entered: 08/02/2019) 1 Declaration of R. Charlie Merritt View on RECAP 2 Proposed Order View on RECAP	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 RECAP
29	ORDER GRANTING 28 MOTION TO ENLARGE BRIEFING SCHEDULE (re 20 ). Signed by Judge William Alsup. Responses due by 9/20/2019. Replies due by 10/1/2019.(whalc2, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/2/2019) (Entered: 08/02/2019)	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 RECAP
30	CLERK'S NOTICE SETTING MOTION HEARING: Motion Hearing re 20 MOTION to Certify Class set for 10/24/2019 08:00 AM in San Francisco, Courtroom 12, 19th Floor before Judge William Alsup. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (tlhS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/7/2019) (Entered: 08/07/2019)	Aug. 7, 2019	Aug. 7, 2019 PACER
	~Util - Set Motion and Deadlines/Hearings	Aug. 7, 2019	Aug. 7, 2019 PACER
	Clerk's Notice Continuing Motion Hearing	Aug. 7, 2019	Aug. 7, 2019 PACER
31	CLERK'S NOTICE CONTINUING CMC: Initial Case Management Conference previously set for 9/26/2019 08:00 AM is rescheduled to 9/26/2019 11:00 AM in San Francisco, Courtroom 12, 19th Floor. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (tlhS, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 8/9/2019) (Entered: 08/09/2019)	Aug. 9, 2019	Aug. 9, 2019 PACER

Case: Sweet v. Cardona

3:19-cv-03674 | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California

Case Summary

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Docket

Case Details