Case: Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

6:22-cv-00381 | U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas

Filed Date: Sept. 28, 2022

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

In March 2022, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced that it would examine consumer financial institutions for discrimination as part of its broader mandate to combat unfair practices. On September 28, 2022, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the American Bankers Association, and other industry groups filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented by attorneys from their organizations as well as private counsel, the plaintiffs argued that inc…

In March 2022, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced that it would examine consumer financial institutions for discrimination as part of its broader mandate to combat unfair practices. On September 28, 2022, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the American Bankers Association, and other industry groups filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Represented by attorneys from their organizations as well as private counsel, the plaintiffs argued that including discrimination was an unlawful expansion of the CFPB's authority under fair lending laws. The case was assigned to U.S. District Judge J. Campbell Barker. The plaintiffs specifically filed suit to challenge the CFPB’s update to the Unfair, Deceptive, or Abusive Acts or Practices (UDAAP) section of its examination manual, and they sought declaratory and injunctive relief under the Administrative Procedure Act.

The plaintiffs first argued that even though the CFPB has broad authority, the Dodd-Frank Act did not authorize the Bureau to examine entities for alleged discriminatory conduct or discriminatory impact. The plaintiffs argued that the update to the manual was arbitrary and capricious because its updated understanding of its ability to regulate “unfairness” contradicts the historical use and understanding of the term as used in statutes such as the Dodd-Frank Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act, among others. The plaintiffs also argued that the manual update violated the Administrative Procedure Act for failing to go through a notice and comment period. Finally, the plaintiffs argued that the manual update violated the Appropriations Clause of the U.S. Constitution because the CFPB's overall funding structure doesn't require Congress to appropriate money to it.  

Both parties filed for summary judgment, with the plaintiffs filing on November 29, 2022 and the defendants filing a motion to dismiss and motion for summary judgment on December 20, 2022. The same month, on December 9, fourteen states filed an amicus brief for the plaintiffs.

Judge Barker issued a final judgment on September 8, 2023, granting summary judgment for the plaintiffs and denying the defendants’ motion to dismiss the case or for summary judgment. 691 F.Supp.3d 730. Judge Barker held that the CFPB’s adoption of the March 2022 manual update was (1) beyond the agency’s constitutional authority based on an Appropriations Clause violation and (2) beyond the agency’s statutory authority to regulate “unfair” acts or practices under the Dodd–Frank Act. The court justified the latter holding based on the major questions doctrine, which says that Congress has to be clear if it intends to give significant power to agencies. Therefore, the court vacated the manual update and issued a permanent injunction against the CFPB. The CFPB appealed this decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on November 6, 2023. 

As of March 19, 2024, this case is ongoing.

Summary Authors

Samantha Houghton (2/15/2024)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/65381578/parties/chamber-of-commerce-of-the-united-states-of-america-v-consumer-financial/

Judge(s)

Barker, J. Campbell (Texas)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Bokern, Jordan Von (Texas)

Dickey, Jennifer B. (Texas)

Attorney for Defendant

Cooper, Ryan (Texas)

Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Fried, Rachel (Texas)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

6:22-cv-00381

Complaint

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

Complaint
21

6:22-cv-00381

Brief of Amici Curiae States of Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia, in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Summary Judgment

Dec. 9, 2022

Dec. 9, 2022

Pleading / Motion / Brief
41

6:22-cv-00381

Opinion and Order

Sept. 8, 2023

Sept. 8, 2023

Order/Opinion

691 F.Supp.3d 730

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/65381578/chamber-of-commerce-of-the-united-states-of-america-v-consumer-financial/

Last updated June 14, 2025, 12:50 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ( Filing fee $ 402 receipt number ATXEDC-9151462.), filed by Texas Association of Business, American Bankers Association, Texas Bankers Association, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Exhibit B, # 4 Exhibit C, # 5 Exhibit D, # 6 Exhibit E, # 7 Exhibit F, # 8 Exhibit G)(Smith, Bruce) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 Exhibit A

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3 Exhibit B

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4 Exhibit C

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5 Exhibit D

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6 Exhibit E

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7 Exhibit F

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8 Exhibit G

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Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

Clearinghouse
2

CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT filed by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association (Smith, Bruce) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
3

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Jennifer B. Dickey on behalf of Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9152288. (Dickey, Jennifer) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
4

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Cameron Thomas Norris on behalf of American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number BTXEDC-9152319. (Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
5

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by David Leighton Rosenthal on behalf of All Plaintiffs. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9152457. (Rosenthal, David) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
6

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Bryan K. Weir on behalf of All Plaintiffs. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9152681. (Weir, Bryan) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
7

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Jordan Von Bokern on behalf of Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9152679. (Von Bokern, Jordan) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
8

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Thomas Pinder on behalf of American Bankers Association. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9152678. (Pinder, Thomas) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
9

SUMMONS Issued as to Rohit Chopra and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Attachments: # 1 Summons(es), # 2 Summons(es), # 3 Summons(es))(ndc) (Entered: 09/28/2022)

Sept. 28, 2022

Sept. 28, 2022

PACER
10

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Texas Association of Business, American Bankers Association, Texas Bankers Association, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau served on 9/29/2022, answer due 10/20/2022. (Smith, Bruce) (Entered: 09/29/2022)

Sept. 29, 2022

Sept. 29, 2022

RECAP

Add and Terminate Judges

Sept. 30, 2022

Sept. 30, 2022

PACER

District Judge J. Campbell Barker added. (gsm)

Sept. 30, 2022

Sept. 30, 2022

PACER
11

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by David Pommerehn on behalf of Consumer Bankers Association. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9156922. (Pommerehn, David) (Entered: 09/30/2022)

Sept. 30, 2022

Sept. 30, 2022

PACER
12

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Justin Sandberg on behalf of Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (nkl, ) (Entered: 10/07/2022)

Oct. 7, 2022

Oct. 7, 2022

PACER
13

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Texas Association of Business, American Bankers Association, Texas Bankers Association, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau served on 9/30/2022, answer due 11/29/2022. (Smith, Bruce) (Entered: 10/20/2022)

Oct. 20, 2022

Oct. 20, 2022

RECAP
14

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Texas Association of Business, American Bankers Association, Texas Bankers Association, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas. Rohit Chopra served on 10/3/2022, answer due 12/2/2022; Consumer Financial Protection Bureau served on 10/3/2022, answer due 12/2/2022. (Attachments: # 1 Summons(es) Executed Summons)(Smith, Bruce) (Entered: 10/20/2022)

Oct. 20, 2022

Oct. 20, 2022

PACER
15

Joint MOTION for Discovery Stay, Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer, Joint MOTION Set Briefing Schedule, Extend Answer Deadline, Stay Discovery Requirements by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sandberg, Justin) (Entered: 11/10/2022)

1 Text of Proposed Order

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Nov. 10, 2022

Nov. 10, 2022

RECAP
16

ORDER granting 15 motion for discovery, extension of time to answer, and set briefing schedule. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 11/14/2022. (ndc) (Entered: 11/14/2022)

Nov. 14, 2022

Nov. 14, 2022

PACER
17

MOTION for Summary Judgment by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Chamber Declaration, # 2 Exhibit B - ABA Declaration, # 3 Exhibit C - CBA Declaration, # 4 Exhibit D - IBAT Declaration, # 5 Exhibit E - Longview Chamber Declaration, # 6 Exhibit F - TAB Declaration, # 7 Exhibit G - TBA Declaration, # 8 Exhibit H - Manual - Overview Section, # 9 Exhibit I - Manual - UDAAP Section, # 10 Exhibit J - Manual - Examination Process Section, # 11 Exhibit K - CFPB Press Release, # 12 Exhibit L - Manual (2012) - UDAAP Section, # 13 Exhibit M - CFPB Blog, # 14 Exhibit N - AR 6018 - BakerDonelson Article, # 15 Exhibit O - AR 2489 - FDIC Publication, # 16 Exhibit P - AR 2657 - OCC Handbook Excerpt, # 17 Exhibit Q - AR 2437 - CFPB Statement, # 18 Exhibit R - AR 5561 - UDAAP Article, # 19 Exhibit S - AR 5265 - Email, # 20 Exhibit T - AR 5713 - UDAAP Article, # 21 Exhibit U - AR 1424 - Manual (2012), # 22 Text of Proposed Order)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 11/29/2022)

1 Exhibit A - Chamber Declaration

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2 Exhibit B - ABA Declaration

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3 Exhibit C - CBA Declaration

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4 Exhibit D - IBAT Declaration

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5 Exhibit E - Longview Chamber Declaration

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6 Exhibit F - TAB Declaration

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7 Exhibit G - TBA Declaration

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8 Exhibit H - Manual - Overview Section

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9 Exhibit I - Manual - UDAAP Section

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10 Exhibit J - Manual - Examination Process Section

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11 Exhibit K - CFPB Press Release

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12 Exhibit L - Manual (2012) - UDAAP Section

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13 Exhibit M - CFPB Blog

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14 Exhibit N - AR 6018 - BakerDonelson Article

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15 Exhibit O - AR 2489 - FDIC Publication

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16 Exhibit P - AR 2657 - OCC Handbook Excerpt

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17 Exhibit Q - AR 2437 - CFPB Statement

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18 Exhibit R - AR 5561 - UDAAP Article

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19 Exhibit S - AR 5265 - Email

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20 Exhibit T - AR 5713 - UDAAP Article

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21 Exhibit U - AR 1424 - Manual (2012)

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22 Text of Proposed Order

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Nov. 29, 2022

Nov. 29, 2022

Clearinghouse
18

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Stephen John Petrany on behalf of State of Georgia. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9257883. (Petrany, Stephen) (Entered: 12/07/2022)

Dec. 7, 2022

Dec. 7, 2022

PACER
19

Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File Amici Curiae by State of Georgia. (Attachments: # 1 Amici Curiae Brief)(Petrany, Stephen) (Entered: 12/07/2022)

Dec. 7, 2022

Dec. 7, 2022

PACER
20

COURT ORDER: The court grants 19 unopposed motion for leave to file amicus curiae brief. Per Local Rule CV-7(k), parties are ordered to file their amicus brief as a separate document. Ordered by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 12/8/2022. (ndc) (Entered: 12/08/2022)

Dec. 8, 2022

Dec. 8, 2022

PACER

Order on Motion for Leave to File

Dec. 8, 2022

Dec. 8, 2022

PACER
21

BRIEF filed in support of Plaintiffs as Amici Curiae by State of Georgia. (Petrany, Stephen) (Entered: 12/09/2022)

Dec. 9, 2022

Dec. 9, 2022

Clearinghouse
22

MOTION to Dismiss, MOTION for Summary Judgment by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Text of Proposed Order)(Sandberg, Justin) (Entered: 12/20/2022)

1 Exhibit

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2 Exhibit

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3 Text of Proposed Order

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Dec. 20, 2022

Dec. 20, 2022

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23

RESPONSE in Opposition re 17 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit)(Sandberg, Justin) (Entered: 12/20/2022)

1 Exhibit

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2 Exhibit

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Dec. 20, 2022

Dec. 20, 2022

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24

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Rachel Fried on behalf of California Reinvestment Coalition, National Community Reinvestment Coalition, National Association for Latino Community Asset Builders, Center for Responsible Lending, Texas Appleseed, National Consumer Law Center. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number ATXEDC-9283129. (Fried, Rachel) (Entered: 12/23/2022)

Dec. 23, 2022

Dec. 23, 2022

PACER
25

Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File Brief of Amici Curiae by California Reinvestment Coalition, Center for Responsible Lending, National Association for Latino Community Asset Builders, National Community Reinvestment Coalition, National Consumer Law Center, Texas Appleseed. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Amici Brief, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(Fried, Rachel) (Additional attachment(s) added on 12/23/2022: # 3 Certificate of Service) (wea, ). (Entered: 12/23/2022)

Dec. 23, 2022

Dec. 23, 2022

PACER
26

BRIEF filed in Support of Defendants as Amici Curiae by California Reinvestment Coalition, Center for Responsible Lending, National Association for Latino Community Asset Builders, National Community Reinvestment Coalition, National Consumer Law Center, Texas Appleseed. (Fried, Rachel) (Entered: 12/23/2022)

Dec. 23, 2022

Dec. 23, 2022

RECAP
27

COURT ORDER: The court grants 25 unopposed motion for leave to file amicus curiae brief. Ordered by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 1/9/2023. (ndc) (Entered: 01/09/2023)

Jan. 9, 2023

Jan. 9, 2023

PACER

Order on Motion for Leave to File

Jan. 9, 2023

Jan. 9, 2023

PACER
28

RESPONSE in Opposition re 22 MOTION to Dismiss MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Norris, Cameron) (Additional attachment(s) added on 1/12/2023: # 1 Text of Proposed Order) (gsm, ). (Entered: 01/10/2023)

Jan. 10, 2023

Jan. 10, 2023

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29

REPLY to Response to Motion re 17 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 01/10/2023)

Jan. 10, 2023

Jan. 10, 2023

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30

REPLY to Response to Motion re 22 MOTION to Dismiss MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Sandberg, Justin) (Entered: 01/24/2023)

Jan. 24, 2023

Jan. 24, 2023

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31

NOTICE by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association of Filing of Joint Appendix (Attachments: # 1 Appendix Joint Appendix of Administrative Record)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 01/30/2023)

1 Appendix Joint Appendix of Administrative Record

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Jan. 30, 2023

Jan. 30, 2023

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32

NOTICE by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association of Supplemental Authority (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Ex. A)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 02/27/2023)

1 Exhibit Ex. A

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Feb. 27, 2023

Feb. 27, 2023

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33

ORDER for defendants to respond to plaintiffs' request to continue by 3/7/2023. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 2/28/2023. (ndc) (Entered: 02/28/2023)

Feb. 28, 2023

Feb. 28, 2023

RECAP
34

RESPONSE to 33 Order filed by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Sandberg, Justin) (Entered: 03/06/2023)

March 6, 2023

March 6, 2023

RECAP
35

MOTION for Status Conference by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 07/11/2023)

1 Proposed Order

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July 11, 2023

July 11, 2023

PACER
36

RESPONSE to Motion re 35 MOTION for Status Conference filed by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Sandberg, Justin) (Additional attachment(s) added on 7/17/2023: # 1 Proposed Order) (gsm, ). (Entered: 07/13/2023)

July 13, 2023

July 13, 2023

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37

NOTICE by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 07/24/2023)

1 Exhibit A

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July 24, 2023

July 24, 2023

PACER
38

COURT ORDER: Plaintiffs' motion 35 for a status conference is denied. The court appreciates the facts noted therein, however, and anticipates issuing its ruling on the motions for summary judgment and the motion to dismiss within 45 days. Ordered by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 7/25/2023. (ndc) (Entered: 07/25/2023)

July 25, 2023

July 25, 2023

PACER

Order on Motion for Miscellaneous Relief

July 25, 2023

July 25, 2023

PACER
39

RESPONSE to 37 Notice of Supplemental Authority filed by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (Sandberg, Justin) Modified on 7/28/2023 (wea, 6). (Entered: 07/28/2023)

July 28, 2023

July 28, 2023

PACER
40

NOTICE of Attorney Appearance - Pro Hac Vice by Ryan Cooper on behalf of Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (nkl, ) (Entered: 08/03/2023)

Aug. 3, 2023

Aug. 3, 2023

PACER
41

OPINION AND ORDER granting 17 Motion for Summary Judgment; denying 22 Motion to Dismiss; and denying 22 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 9/8/2023. (ndc) (Main Document 41 replaced on 9/8/2023) (ndc, ). (Main Document 41 replaced on 9/11/2023) (ndc, ). (Entered: 09/08/2023)

Sept. 8, 2023

Sept. 8, 2023

Clearinghouse
42

FINAL JUDGMENT. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 9/8/2023. (ndc) (Main Document 42 replaced on 9/11/2023) (ndc, ). (Entered: 09/08/2023)

Sept. 8, 2023

Sept. 8, 2023

Clearinghouse
43

CONSENT MOTION for Extension of Time to File Motion for Bill of Costs by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 09/21/2023)

Sept. 21, 2023

Sept. 21, 2023

PACER
44

ORDER granting 43 motion for extension of time to file a motion for bill of costs. Plaintiffs' new deadline is October 20, 2023. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 9/26/2023. (ndc) (Entered: 09/26/2023)

Sept. 26, 2023

Sept. 26, 2023

RECAP
45

UNOPPOSED MOTION for Bill of Costs by American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Consumer Bankers Association, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Association of Business, Texas Bankers Association. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Bill of Costs, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Proposed Order)(Norris, Cameron) (Entered: 10/17/2023)

Oct. 17, 2023

Oct. 17, 2023

PACER
46

NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 42 Judgment by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (gsm) (Entered: 11/06/2023)

Nov. 6, 2023

Nov. 6, 2023

RECAP
47

ORDER granting 45 Motion for Bill of Costs. Signed by District Judge J. Campbell Barker on 11/6/2023. (gsm) (Entered: 11/06/2023)

Nov. 6, 2023

Nov. 6, 2023

PACER
48

BILL OF COSTS. (gsm) (Entered: 11/06/2023)

Nov. 6, 2023

Nov. 6, 2023

PACER
49

TRANSCRIPT REQUEST by Rohit Chopra, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for proceedings held on NA before Judge NA, (Sandberg, Justin)

Nov. 14, 2023

Nov. 14, 2023

RECAP
50

USCA Judgment

May 2, 2025

May 2, 2025

PACER

Case Details