Case: Fuller v. Warren County Educational Service Center

1:21-cv-00451 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio

Filed Date: July 2, 2021

Closed Date: March 29, 2023

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenges an elementary school’s policy (the “challenged policy”) banning its paraprofessionals from wearing clothing or face masks on which social or political messages were printed. Those messages include “Black Lives Matter,” “I Can't Breathe,” “Unapologetically Black,” and “Down With Racism.”  On July 2, 2021, three African-American paraprofessionals at the Laura Farrell Elementary School filed this lawsuit in the United States District Court Southern District of Ohio Western Div…

This case challenges an elementary school’s policy (the “challenged policy”) banning its paraprofessionals from wearing clothing or face masks on which social or political messages were printed. Those messages include “Black Lives Matter,” “I Can't Breathe,” “Unapologetically Black,” and “Down With Racism.” 

On July 2, 2021, three African-American paraprofessionals at the Laura Farrell Elementary School filed this lawsuit in the United States District Court Southern District of Ohio Western Division. The plaintiffs sued the Warren County Educational Service Center (“WE ESC”), as well as the Superintendent and Chief and Administrative Officer of WE ESC, the the Senior Executive Director of Human Resources and Business Operations of WC ESC, and the Program Supervisor of the elementary School. Plaintiffs alleged that the policy violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment and constituted racial discrimination in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Represented by a private law firm, the plaintiffs sought 1) a declaration that the defendant’s actions violate the First Amendment, 2) injunctive relief enjoining the defendants from enforcing the challenged policy, 3) compensatory damages, 4) punitive damages, and 5) attorney fees. 

On July 9, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary injunction, which was granted on February 14, 2022. In this order, the court enjoined the enforcement of the policy banning employees from wearing any clothes or accessories with controversial social or political messages. The court reasoned that the plaintiff’s First Amendment claim would likely succeed on the merits, as the defendants did not demonstrate that the challenged policy is necessary to the efficient operation of the school to outweigh the plaintiffs' interests in commenting upon matters of public concern. 

On March 11, 2022, the defendants appealed to the Sixth Circuit, and on March 16, they filed a motion to stay in the district court. Before the district court could rule on the motion to stay, the Sixth Circuit, on October 21, 2022, dismissed the appeal, noting that the parties had stipulated for the appeal to be dismissed.

On March 29, 2023, the case was terminated as the defendants filed a stipulation of dismissal with prejudice on the same day. The Clearinghouse does not have access to the terms of dismissal that the parties agreed upon. 

The case is now closed.

Summary Authors

Haruno Fukatsu (3/26/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/60035540/parties/fuller-v-warren-county-educational-service-center/


Judge(s)

Barrett, Michael Ryan (Ohio)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Butler, Brian Joseph (Ohio)

Mezibov, Marc D. (Ohio)

Treadaway, Daniel J. (Ohio)

Attorney for Defendant

Wharton, Bernard W (Ohio)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

1:21-cv-00451

Verified Complaint and Jury Demand

July 2, 2021

July 2, 2021

Complaint
33

1:21-cv-00451

Opinion and Order

Feb. 14, 2022

Feb. 14, 2022

Order/Opinion

2022 WL 445815

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/60035540/fuller-v-warren-county-educational-service-center/

Last updated Aug. 15, 2025, 10:29 p.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT with JURY DEMAND against All Defendants ( Filing fee $ 402 paid - receipt number: AOHSDC-8388617), filed by Mark Linquist, Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet) (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 07/02/2021)

July 2, 2021

July 2, 2021

Clearinghouse

If this case is referred, it will be to Magistrate Judge Karen L. Litkovitz. (bjc)

July 6, 2021

July 6, 2021

PACER

Docket Annotation

July 6, 2021

July 6, 2021

PACER
2

MOTION for Preliminary Injunction by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 07/09/2021)

July 9, 2021

July 9, 2021

PACER
3

NOTICE of Appearance by Bernard W Wharton for Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 07/14/2021)

July 14, 2021

July 14, 2021

PACER

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Status Conference held on 7/19/2021; Marc Mezibov and Daniel Treadaway appeared for plaintiff; Bernard Wharton appeared for defendants; the parties shall confer regarding the pending 2 Motion for Preliminary Injunction and follow up for a Status Conference set for 7/21/2021 at 09:30 AM by teleconference before Judge Michael R. Barrett; NOTE: parties shall refer to the entry on 7/16/2021 for conferencing instructions. (ba)

July 19, 2021

July 19, 2021

PACER

~Util - Set Hearings AND Status Conference

July 19, 2021

July 19, 2021

PACER

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Status Conference held on 7/21/2021 re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist; Marc Mezibov and Daniel Treadaway appeared for plaintiffs; Bernard Wharton appeared for defendants; Responses due by 8/6/2021; Replies due by 8/10/2021 and a Motion Hearing is set for 8/23/2021 at 01:00 PM in Courtroom 109 - Cincinnati before Judge Michael R. Barrett re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction; TRO ruling to follow. (ba) Modified on 7/21/2021 (ba) to edit text and regenerate a NEF.

July 21, 2021

July 21, 2021

PACER

~Util - Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings AND Motion Hearing

July 21, 2021

July 21, 2021

PACER
4

WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed. Waiver sent to Wiley Collett on 7/2/2021, answer due 8/31/2021; Alisha Dean on 7/2/2021, answer due 8/31/2021; Tom Isaacs on 7/2/2021, answer due 8/31/2021; Warren County Educational Service Center on 7/2/2021, answer due 8/31/2021. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 07/27/2021)

July 27, 2021

July 27, 2021

PACER
5

RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Memo Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit Memo Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit Memo Exhibit C, # 4 Affidavit Affidavit of Thomas Isaacs, # 5 Exhibit Affidavit Exhibit 1, # 6 Exhibit Affidavit Exhibit 2, # 7 Exhibit Affidavit Exhibit 3, # 8 Exhibit Affidavit Exhibit 4, # 9 Exhibit Affidavit Exhibit 5) (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/06/2021)

Aug. 6, 2021

Aug. 6, 2021

PACER
6

REPLY to Response to Motion re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/10/2021)

Aug. 10, 2021

Aug. 10, 2021

PACER
7

NOTICE OF FILING DEPOSITION of Nick Evans by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Attachments: # 1 Deposition Transcript of Nick Evans) (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
8

NOTICE OF FILING DEPOSITION of Akeem Fuller by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Attachments: # 1 Deposition Transcript of Akeem Fuller) (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
9

NOTICE OF FILING DEPOSITION of Mark Linquist by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Attachments: # 1 Deposition Transcript of Mark Linquist) (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
10

NOTICE OF FILING DEPOSITION of Tom Isaacs, Patrick Pare, Christina Even, Michael Bidwell, Wiley Collett, and Alisha Dean by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
11

DEPOSITION of Tom Isaacs taken on 08/06/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 15) (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
12

DEPOSITION of Patrick Pare taken on 08/06/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
13

DEPOSITION of Christina Even taken on 08/11/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
14

DEPOSITION of Michael Bidwell taken on 08/11/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
15

DEPOSITION of Wiley Collett taken on 08/06/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
16

DEPOSITION of Alisha Dean taken on 08/06/2021 by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 08/18/2021)

Aug. 18, 2021

Aug. 18, 2021

PACER
17

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Status Conference held on 8/20/2021 re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist; Marc Mezibov and Daniel Treadway appeared for plaintiff, Bernard Wharton appeared for defendant; logistics and format discussed for hearing set 8/23/21 at 1:00pm before the Honorable Michael R. Barrett, courtroom 109. (kkz) (Entered: 08/20/2021)

Aug. 20, 2021

Aug. 20, 2021

PACER

Motion Hearing

Aug. 20, 2021

Aug. 20, 2021

PACER
18

Minute Entryfor proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Motion Hearing held on 8/23/2021 re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction; counsel present; witness testimony with exhibits admitted; parties agree to post hearing briefs; Plaintiff's opening brief due 9/17/2021; Defendant's Response due by 10/1/2021, Plaintiff's Reply due by 10/8/2021; Order to follow. (Court Reporter: Maryann Maffia) (kkz) (Entered: 08/23/2021)

Aug. 23, 2021

Aug. 23, 2021

PACER
19

ANSWER to 1 Complaint filed by Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/27/2021)

Aug. 27, 2021

Aug. 27, 2021

PACER
20

ANSWER to 1 Complaint filed by Warren County Educational Service Center. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 08/27/2021)

Aug. 27, 2021

Aug. 27, 2021

PACER

NOTICE of Deadline: Rule 26 Meeting Report due by 9/20/2021. Please be aware that the Court has revised its Rule 26(f) report and joint final pretrial order forms as well as its trial procedures; visit www.ohsd.uscourts.gov/FPbarrett to obtain copies of those required forms; (kkz)

Aug. 30, 2021

Aug. 30, 2021

PACER

Notice of Deadline

Aug. 30, 2021

Aug. 30, 2021

PACER
21

Transcript of Proceedings, hearing on Motion for Preliminary Injunction, held on August 23, 2021, before Judge Michael R. Barrett. Court Reporter/Transcriber Maryann T. Maffia, Telephone number 513-564-7677. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. NOTICE RE: REDACTION OF TRANSCRIPTS: Within 5 business days of this filing, each party shall inform the Court, by filing a Notice of Redaction, of the party's intent to redact personal data identifiers from the electronic transcript of the court proceeding. The policy is located on our website at www.ohsd.uscourts.gov (Forms - Electronic Availability of Transcripts). Please read this policy carefully. For a complete copy of a transcript, please contact the Court Reporter or the Clerk's Office.. Redaction Request due 9/28/2021. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 10/8/2021. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 12/6/2021. (Maffia, Maryann) (Entered: 09/07/2021)

Sept. 7, 2021

Sept. 7, 2021

PACER
23

NOTICE by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist of Filing Deposition Exhibits (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit Exhibit 2, # 3 Exhibit Exhibit 3, # 4 Exhibit Exhibit 4, # 5 Exhibit Exhibit 5, # 6 Exhibit Exhibit 6, # 7 Exhibit Exhibit 7, # 8 Exhibit Exhibit 8, # 9 Exhibit Exhibit 9, # 10 Exhibit Exhibit 10, # 11 Exhibit Exhibit 11, # 12 Exhibit Exhibit 12, # 13 Exhibit Exhibit 13, # 14 Exhibit Exhibit 14) (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 09/17/2021)

Sept. 17, 2021

Sept. 17, 2021

PACER
24

BRIEF by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 09/17/2021)

Sept. 17, 2021

Sept. 17, 2021

PACER
25

RULE 26(f) REPORT JOINT DISCOVERY PLAN by Defendant Warren County Educational Service Center. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 09/20/2021)

Sept. 20, 2021

Sept. 20, 2021

PACER
26

CALENDAR ORDER: Motions to Amend due by 10/1/2021. Motions directed to pleadings due by 11/12/2021. Status Conference set for 10/14/2021 at 01:00 PM by Teleconference before Judge Michael R. Barrett. Plaintiff Primary Expert due by 12/17/2021. Defendant Primary Expert due by 2/11/2022. Disclosure of Non-Expert (Fact) Witness due by 11/5/2021. Rebuttal Expert due by 3/11/2022. Discovery due by 3/4/2022. Dispositive motions due by 4/8/2022. Settlement Conference set for 5/24/2022 at 01:00 PM in Chambers before Judge Michael R. Barrett. Final Pretrial Conference set for 9/28/2022 at 02:00 PM in Chambers before Judge Michael R. Barrett. Jury Trial 04/2023. Signed by Judge Michael R. Barrett on 09/28/2021. (kkz) (Entered: 09/28/2021)

Sept. 28, 2021

Sept. 28, 2021

PACER
27

RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction Defendants' Posthearing Brief Opposing Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction filed by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 10/01/2021)

Oct. 1, 2021

Oct. 1, 2021

PACER
28

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 27 Response in Opposition to Motion, New date requested 10/12/2021. by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 10/08/2021)

Oct. 8, 2021

Oct. 8, 2021

PACER
29

REPLY TO DEFENDANTS' POSTHEARING 27 BRIEF OPPOSING PLAINTIFFS' 2 MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) Modified docket text and created link to motion on 10/12/2021 (eh). (Entered: 10/11/2021)

Oct. 11, 2021

Oct. 11, 2021

PACER

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Status Conference held on 10/14/2021; Marc Mezibov appeared for plaintiff; Bernard Wharton appeared for defendant; Court orally grants 28 Plaintiff's Motion for Extension of Time; case to proceed as discussed. (kkz) Modified for text on 10/14/2021 (kkz).

Oct. 14, 2021

Oct. 14, 2021

PACER

Status Conference

Oct. 14, 2021

Oct. 14, 2021

PACER
30

NOTICE by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist of Withdrawal of Co-Counsel (Treadaway, Daniel) (Entered: 10/21/2021)

Oct. 21, 2021

Oct. 21, 2021

PACER
31

[FORMER DOC. 31 - PLEASE DISREGARD. FILED IN ERROR.] NOTICE by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center Disclosure of Non-Expert (Fact) Witness (Wharton, Bernard) Modified docket text and document security on 11/4/2021 (eh). (Entered: 11/03/2021)

Nov. 3, 2021

Nov. 3, 2021

PACER
32

NOTICE by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center Disclosure of Non-Expert (Fact) Witnesses (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 11/03/2021)

Nov. 3, 2021

Nov. 3, 2021

PACER

Notice of Correction: Please disregard [FORMER DOC. 31] - wrong pdf attached. See doc. 32 for corrected filing. (eh)

Nov. 4, 2021

Nov. 4, 2021

PACER

Notice of Corrective Docket Entry

Nov. 4, 2021

Nov. 4, 2021

PACER
33

ORDER granting 2 Motion for Preliminary Injunction; Defendants are hereby preliminarily enjoined from enforcing the policy banning employees from wearing any clothes or accessories with controversial social or political messages. (kkz) (Entered: 02/14/2022)

Feb. 14, 2022

Feb. 14, 2022

Clearinghouse
34

NOTICE OF APPEAL re 33 Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Filing fee has been paid, receipt number AOHSDC-8766949) by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. Appeal Record due by 3/16/2022. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 03/11/2022)

March 11, 2022

March 11, 2022

PACER
35

MOTION to Stay re 33 Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 03/16/2022)

March 16, 2022

March 16, 2022

PACER
36

USCA Case Number 22-3228 for 34 Notice of Appeal, filed by Warren County Educational Service Center, Wiley Collett, Tom Isaacs, Alisha Dean, Pat Pare. (pb) (Entered: 03/17/2022)

March 17, 2022

March 17, 2022

PACER

NOTICE of Hearing: Please be aware that a Status Conference is set for 3/30/2022 at 11:30 AM by Teleconference before Judge Michael R. Barrett. NOTE: parties shall refer to the entry on 9/28/2021 for conferencing instructions. (kkz)

March 24, 2022

March 24, 2022

PACER

Notice of Hearing

March 24, 2022

March 24, 2022

PACER
37

RESPONSE in Opposition re 35 MOTION to Stay re 33 Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction filed by Plaintiffs Nick Evans, Akeem Fuller, Mark Linquist. (Mezibov, Marc) (Entered: 03/29/2022)

March 29, 2022

March 29, 2022

PACER

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Michael R. Barrett: Status Conference held on 3/30/2022; Marc Mezibov appeared for plaintiffs; Bernard Wharton appeared for defendants; case matters discussed; counsel to confer with clients and follow up with law clerk if status conference is needed. (kkz)

March 30, 2022

March 30, 2022

PACER

Status Conference

March 30, 2022

March 30, 2022

PACER

NOTICE TERMINATING DEADLINES/HEARINGS - Settlement Conference set for 5/24/2022 is hereby terminated. (kkz)

May 19, 2022

May 19, 2022

PACER

Notice Terminating Deadlines/Hearings

May 19, 2022

May 19, 2022

PACER

NOTICE TERMINATING DEADLINES/HEARINGS - Please be aware that the Final Pretrial Conference set for 9/28/22 is hereby terminated. (kkz)

Sept. 20, 2022

Sept. 20, 2022

PACER

Notice Terminating Deadlines/Hearings

Sept. 20, 2022

Sept. 20, 2022

PACER
38

ORDER of USCA as to 34 Notice of Appeal filed by Warren County Educational Service Center, Wiley Collett, Tom Isaacs, Alisha Dean & Pat Pare: The parties have stipulated for the appeal to be dismissed. Note: No Mandate to issue. (er) (Entered: 10/23/2022)

Oct. 21, 2022

Oct. 21, 2022

RECAP
39

STIPULATION of Dismissal With Prejudice by Defendants Wiley Collett, Alisha Dean, Tom Isaacs, Pat Pare, Warren County Educational Service Center. (Wharton, Bernard) (Entered: 03/29/2023)

March 29, 2023

March 29, 2023

RECAP

Terminate Civil Case

March 29, 2023

March 29, 2023

PACER

***Civil Case Terminated per doc 39 . (kh)

March 29, 2023

March 29, 2023

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: Ohio

Case Type(s):

Speech and Religious Freedom

Education

Key Dates

Filing Date: July 2, 2021

Closing Date: March 29, 2023

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Paraprofessionals at the elementary school wearing clothing or face masks on which social or political messages are printed

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Warren County Educational Service Center (Warren), County

Defendant Type(s):

Elementary/Secondary School

Facility Type(s):

Government-run

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Freedom of speech/association

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff

Nature of Relief:

Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order

Source of Relief:

Litigation

Content of Injunction:

Preliminary relief granted