Case: Estabrook v. The Ivy League Council of Presidents

1:25-cv-10281 | U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts

Filed Date: Feb. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

In this case, three cisgender female Ivy League swimmers challenged the NCAA and Ivy League’s decision to allow transgender women to compete in college women’s swimming, alleging that it constituted sexual discrimination against cisgender female swimmers. On February 4, 2025, the swimmers filed suit in the U.S. District of Massachusetts against the Ivy League Council of Presidents, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the National College Athletic Association (“NCAA”) under T…

In this case, three cisgender female Ivy League swimmers challenged the NCAA and Ivy League’s decision to allow transgender women to compete in college women’s swimming, alleging that it constituted sexual discrimination against cisgender female swimmers. On February 4, 2025, the swimmers filed suit in the U.S. District of Massachusetts against the Ivy League Council of Presidents, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the National College Athletic Association (“NCAA”) under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (“Title IX”). Represented by private counsel and the Massachusetts Liberty Legal Center, the plaintiffs sought declaratory relief, injunctive relief, and damages. The case was assigned to District Judge William G. Young. 

In their complaint, the plaintiffs sought class action certification. The proposed class was Ivy League women’s swimmers who competed at or should have been able to compete at the 2022 Ivy League Championships. 

On April 21, 2025, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. On July 29, 2025, the court allowed the motion to dismiss as to defendant Ivy League Council and defendant Harvard University. While reviewing the plaintiffs’ claims against Harvard, the court concluded that the plaintiffs’ claims against Harvard alleged some sort of aiding-and-abetting liability under Title IX, of which the closest analogue was deliberate indifference suits regarding sexual harassment. The court further explained that there was no precedent supporting aiding-and-abetting liability here and no clear harassment took place to support a deliberate indifference claim. While the court acknowledged that harm may have been suffered here, it declined to plausibly suggest that Harvard’s involvement constituted a Title IX violation. With both the Ivy League and Harvard dismissed from the suit, the court stayed further proceedings in light of the fact that this case raised substantially similar legal issues to Gaines v. NCAA, and the parties substantially overlapped. Honoring the first-to-file rule, the court utilized its discretion to stay further proceedings pending a resolution of that case. 

As of April 17, 2026, this case is ongoing. 

Summary Authors

Maddie Turk (4/5/2025)

Liat Sinclair (4/17/2026)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69611776/parties/estabrook-v-trustees-of-the-university-of-pennsylvania/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Bock, William Bock (Massachusetts)

Attorney for Defendant

Anderson, Austin Paganelli (Massachusetts)

Cohen, David (Massachusetts)

Dawson, Cari K. (Massachusetts)

Donovan, Caroline S. (Massachusetts)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case
1

1:25-cv-10281

Complaint for Damages, Declaratory, and Class Relief

Grace Estabrook v. The Ivy League Council of Presidents

Feb. 4, 2025

Feb. 4, 2025

Complaint
103

1:25-cv-10281

Order

Estabrook v. The Ivy League Council and Presidents

July 29, 2025

July 29, 2025

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69611776/estabrook-v-trustees-of-the-university-of-pennsylvania/

Last updated July 5, 2026, 6:14 a.m.

ECF Number Date Description Link
1 Feb. 4, 2025

COMPLAINT against All Defendants Filing fee: $ 405, receipt number AMADC-10823882 (Fee Status: Filing Fee paid), filed by Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Appendix, # 3 Appendix)(Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 Appendix

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3 Appendix

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Clearinghouse
2 Feb. 4, 2025

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of William Bock III Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10823884 by Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist. (Attachments: # 1 Rule 83 Certification)(Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

1 Rule 83 Certification

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RECAP
3 Feb. 4, 2025

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Justin R. Olson Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10823885 by Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist. (Attachments: # 1 Rule 83 Certification)(Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

1 Rule 83 Certification

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RECAP
4 Feb. 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Samuel Whiting on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

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5 Feb. 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Samuel Whiting on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

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6 Feb. 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Samuel Whiting on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/04/2025)

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7 Feb. 5, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE TO COUNSEL: Counsel shall complete and file in PDF format a Local Category Form. The form can be found on the court's website under Resources/Forms. Counsel will use the event under Other Documents- Civil Cover Sheet & Category Sheet. (MAC) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

RECAP
8 Feb. 5, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE of Case Assignment. Judge William G. Young assigned to case. If the trial Judge issues an Order of Reference of any matter in this case to a Magistrate Judge, the matter will be transmitted to Magistrate Judge Jennifer C. Boal. (JAM) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

RECAP
9 Feb. 5, 2025

Summons Issued as to National Collegiate Athletic Association, President and Fellows of Harvard College, The Ivy League Council and Presidents, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. Counsel receiving this notice electronically should download this summons, complete one for each defendant and serve it in accordance with Fed.R.Civ.P. 4 and LR 4.1. Summons will be mailed to plaintiff(s) not receiving notice electronically for completion of service. (MAC) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

RECAP
10 Feb. 5, 2025

Civil Cover Sheet & Category Sheet by Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist. (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 5, 2025

Notice - Other

Feb. 5, 2025

Notice of Case Assignment

11 Feb. 12, 2025

WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania waiver sent on 2/4/2025, answer due 4/7/2025. (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/12/2025)

RECAP
12 Feb. 13, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 2 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added William Bock III. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 02/13/2025)

RECAP
13 Feb. 13, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 3 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Justin R. Olson. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 02/13/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 13, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

14 Feb. 19, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Austin Paganelli Anderson on behalf of National Collegiate Athletic Association (Anderson, Austin) (Entered: 02/19/2025)

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15 Feb. 19, 2025

First MOTION for Extension of Time to April 7, 2025 to File Answer by National Collegiate Athletic Association.(Anderson, Austin) (Entered: 02/19/2025)

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16 Feb. 19, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Lon F. Povich on behalf of National Collegiate Athletic Association (Povich, Lon) (Entered: 02/19/2025)

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17 Feb. 20, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 15 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer or Otherwise Respond. National Collegiate Athletic Association answer/respond due 4/7/2025. (MAP) (Entered: 02/20/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 20, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to Answer

18 Feb. 21, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Victoria L. Steinberg on behalf of President and Fellows of Harvard College (Steinberg, Victoria) (Entered: 02/21/2025)

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19 Feb. 21, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Kristine C. Oren on behalf of President and Fellows of Harvard College (Oren, Kristine) (Entered: 02/21/2025)

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20 Feb. 21, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Extension of Time to April 7, 2025 to Respond to Plaintiffs' Complaint by President and Fellows of Harvard College.(Steinberg, Victoria) Modified on 2/24/2025 to Correct CM/ECF Filing Event As Counsel Filed the Motion Under The Wrong Event in CM/ECF NextGen (MAP). (Entered: 02/21/2025)

RECAP
21 Feb. 21, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of David Cohen Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10853501 by President and Fellows of Harvard College. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Oren, Kristine) (Entered: 02/21/2025)

RECAP
22 Feb. 21, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Anton Metlitsky Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10853526 by President and Fellows of Harvard College. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Steinberg, Victoria) (Entered: 02/21/2025)

RECAP
23 Feb. 21, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Jennifer B. Sokoler Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10853539 by President and Fellows of Harvard College. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Steinberg, Victoria) (Entered: 02/21/2025)

RECAP
24 Feb. 23, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 21 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added David Cohen. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/23/2025)

RECAP
25 Feb. 23, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 22 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Anton Metlitsky. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/23/2025)

RECAP
26 Feb. 23, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 23 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Jennifer B. Sokoler. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/23/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 23, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

27 Feb. 24, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 20 Assented to MOTION for Extension of Time to April 7, 2025 to Respond to Plaintiffs' Complaint by President and Fellows of Harvard College. (MAP) (Entered: 02/24/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 24, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to Answer

28 Feb. 25, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Caroline S. Donovan on behalf of The Ivy League Council and Presidents (Donovan, Caroline) (Entered: 02/25/2025)

RECAP
29 Feb. 25, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Howard Weiss on behalf of The Ivy League Council and Presidents (Weiss, Howard) (Entered: 02/25/2025)

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30 Feb. 25, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Extension of Time to April 7, 2025 to File Responsive Pleading by The Ivy League Council and Presidents.(Donovan, Caroline)Modified on 2/27/2025 to correct CM/ECF Filing Event (MAP). (Entered: 02/25/2025)

RECAP
31 Feb. 25, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Samuel Whiting on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Whiting, Samuel) (Entered: 02/25/2025)

RECAP
32 Feb. 25, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by William Bock, III on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Bock, William) (Entered: 02/25/2025)

RECAP
33 Feb. 25, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Justin Olson on behalf of Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist (Olson, Justin) (Entered: 02/25/2025)

RECAP
34 Feb. 26, 2025

First MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Stephen J. Kastenberg, Esq. Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10860488 by The Ivy League Council and Presidents. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Donovan, Caroline) (Entered: 02/26/2025)

RECAP
35 Feb. 26, 2025

First MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Elizabeth P. Weissert, Esq. Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10860518 by The Ivy League Council and Presidents. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Certificate of Good Standing)(Donovan, Caroline) (Entered: 02/26/2025)

RECAP
36 Feb. 27, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 34 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Stephen J. Kastenberg. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/27/2025)

RECAP
37 Feb. 27, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 35 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Elizabeth P. Weissert. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 02/27/2025)

RECAP
38 Feb. 27, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 30 Assented to MOTION for Extension of Time to April 7, 2025 to File Responsive Pleading (MAP) (Entered: 02/27/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 27, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

Feb. 27, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to Answer

39 Feb. 28, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Matthias Kamber on behalf of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (Kamber, Matthias) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
40 Feb. 28, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Jeffrey A. Sturgeon Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10864436 by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Attachments: # 1 Rule 83 Certification)(Kamber, Matthias) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
41 Feb. 28, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Paul C. Evans Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10864474 by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Attachments: # 1 Rule 83 Certification)(Kamber, Matthias) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
42 Feb. 28, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Remy Snead Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10864500 by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Attachments: # 1 Rule 83 Certification)(Kamber, Matthias) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
43 Feb. 28, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 40 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Jeffrey A. Sturgeon. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
44 Feb. 28, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 41 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Paul C. Evans. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
45 Feb. 28, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 42 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Remy Snead. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
46 Feb. 28, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Jeffrey A. Sturgeon on behalf of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (Sturgeon, Jeffrey) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

RECAP
Feb. 28, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

47 March 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Paul C Evans on behalf of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (Evans, Paul) (Entered: 03/03/2025)

RECAP
48 March 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Remy Snead on behalf of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (Snead, Remy) (Entered: 03/03/2025)

RECAP
49 March 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Stephen J Kastenberg on behalf of The Ivy League Council and Presidents (Kastenberg, Stephen) (Entered: 03/04/2025)

RECAP
50 March 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Elizabeth Weissert on behalf of The Ivy League Council and Presidents (Weissert, Elizabeth) (Entered: 03/04/2025)

RECAP
51 March 13, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Christopher C. Marquardt Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10890424 by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Declaration of Christopher C. Marquardt in Support of Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice)(Povich, Lon) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

RECAP
52 March 13, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Cari K. Dawson Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10890433 by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Declaration of Cari K. Dawson in Support of Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice)(Povich, Lon) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

RECAP
53 March 13, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of John E. Stephenson Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-10890441 by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Declaration of John E. Stephenson in Support of Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice)(Povich, Lon) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

RECAP
54 March 14, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 51 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Christopher C. Marquardt. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 03/14/2025)

RECAP
55 March 14, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 52 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Cari K. Dawson. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual upgraded PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. Counsel may need to link their CM/ECF account to their upgraded individual pacer account. Instructions on how to link CM/ECF accounts to upgraded pacer account can be found at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-current-pacer-accounts.htm#link-account. (MAP) (Entered: 03/14/2025)

RECAP
56 March 14, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 53 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added John E. Stephenson. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (MAP) (Entered: 03/14/2025)

RECAP
March 14, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

57 March 17, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Christopher Carl Marquardt, I on behalf of National Collegiate Athletic Association (Marquardt, Christopher) (Entered: 03/17/2025)

RECAP
58 March 17, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by John E. Stephenson, Jr on behalf of National Collegiate Athletic Association (Stephenson, John) (Entered: 03/17/2025)

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59 March 17, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Cari K. Dawson on behalf of National Collegiate Athletic Association (Dawson, Cari) (Entered: 03/17/2025)

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60 March 31, 2025

SUMMONS Returned Executed National Collegiate Athletic Association served on 2/6/2025, answer due 4/7/2025; President and Fellows of Harvard College served on 2/11/2025, answer due 4/7/2025; The Ivy League Council and Presidents served on 2/6/2025, answer due 4/7/2025. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A Proof of Service - NCAA, # 2 Exhibit B Proof of Service - Ivy League, # 3 Exhibit C Proof of Service - Harvard)(Bock, William) (Entered: 03/31/2025)

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61 March 31, 2025

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to April 21, 2025 to File Responsive Pleadings by Defendants, Consent MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages by Defendant Trustees of the University of Pennslvania, Consent MOTION to File a Combined Response of Up To the Combined Length of Defendants' Anticipated Motion to Dismiss Briefs by Plaintiffs by Grace Estabrook, Margot Kaczorowski, Ellen Holmquist, The Ivy League Council and Presidents, President and Fellows of Harvard College, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sturgeon, Jeffrey) (Entered: 03/31/2025)

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62 April 9, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered 61 Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to April 21, 2025 to File Responsive Pleadings by Defendants, Consent MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages by Defendant Trustees of the University of Pennslvania, Consent MOTION to File a Combined Response of Up To the Combined Length of Defendants' Anticipated Motion to Dismiss Briefs by Plaintiffs. The motion for extension of time to respond is allowed. There will be no further continuances. Many cases are complex. There is no occasion for over long briefs. Prompt response by the plaintiffs shall not exceed an aggregate of 50 pages. (MAP) (Entered: 04/09/2025)

RECAP
63 April 9, 2025

Reset Answer/Response Deadlines: National Collegiate Athletic Association 4/21/2025; President and Fellows of Harvard College 4/21/2025; The Ivy League Council and Presidents 4/21/2025; Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania 4/21/2025. (MAP) (Entered: 04/09/2025)

RECAP
April 9, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time AND Order on Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages AND Order on Motion for Miscellaneous Relief

64 April 21, 2025

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania.(Sturgeon, Jeffrey) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

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65 April 21, 2025

MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint by President and Fellows of Harvard College.(Metlitsky, Anton) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

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66 April 21, 2025

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Dawson, Cari) Modified on 4/22/2025 to Correct Docket Text and Refile Memorandum and Declaration as Separate Docket Entries (MAP). (Entered: 04/21/2025)

1 Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss

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2 Affidavit of Cari Dawson

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3 Exhibit 1

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4 Exhibit 2

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5 Exhibit 3

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67 April 21, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - NCAA Policy, # 2 Exhibit B - DOE Letter)(Sturgeon, Jeffrey) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

1 Exhibit A - NCAA Policy

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2 Exhibit B - DOE Letter

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68 April 21, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint filed by President and Fellows of Harvard College. (Metlitsky, Anton) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

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69 April 21, 2025

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by The Ivy League Council and Presidents. ( # 5 Proposed Order)(Kastenberg, Stephen) Modified on 4/22/2025 to Correct Docket Text and Refile Memorandum and Declaration as Separate Docket Entries. (MAP). (Entered: 04/21/2025)

1 Memorandum in Support

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2 Declaration of Stephen J. Kastenberg

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3 Exhibit 1

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4 Exhibit 2

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5 Proposed Order

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70 April 21, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Dawson, Cari) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

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71 April 21, 2025

AFFIDAVIT in Support re 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by National Collegiate Athletic Association. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2, # 3 Exhibit 3)(Dawson, Cari) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

1 Exhibit 1

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2 Exhibit 2

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3 Exhibit 3

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72 April 21, 2025

DECLARATION re 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Sturgeon, Jeffrey) (Entered: 04/21/2025)

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73 April 22, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by The Ivy League Council and Presidents. (Kastenberg, Stephen) (Entered: 04/22/2025)

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74 April 22, 2025

DECLARATION of Stephen J. Kastenberg in Support re 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM filed by The Ivy League Council and Presidents. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2)(Kastenberg, Stephen) (Entered: 04/22/2025)

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75 April 22, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE Setting Hearing on Motion 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM : Motion Hearing set for 6/24/2025 02:00 PM in Courtroom 18 (In person only) before Judge William G. Young. (KB) (Entered: 04/22/2025)

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April 22, 2025

Notice Setting or Resetting Hearing on Motion

76 May 2, 2025

Assented to MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint, 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Granting Motion for One Week Enlargement of Time to Respond to Motions to Dismiss)(Bock, William) (Entered: 05/02/2025)

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77 May 5, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 76 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply re 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM . Responses due by 5/12/2025 (KB) (Entered: 05/05/2025)

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78 May 5, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE Resetting Hearing on Motion 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM : Motion Hearing reset for 6/26/2025 02:00 PM in Courtroom 18 (In person only) before Judge William G. Young. (KB) (Entered: 05/05/2025)

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May 5, 2025

Notice Setting or Resetting Hearing on Motion

May 5, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply

79 May 8, 2025

Assented to MOTION to Continue Hearing on Defendants' Motions to Dismiss to July 21, 2025 by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Granting Unopposed Motion to Reschedule June 26, 2025, Hearing on Defendants' Motions to Dismiss)(Bock, William) (Entered: 05/08/2025)

1 Text of Proposed Order Proposed Order Granting Unopposed Motion to Reschedule Ju

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80 May 8, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered granting 79 Assented to MOTION to Continue Hearing on Defendants' Motions to Dismiss to July 21, 2025 by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. (KB) (Entered: 05/08/2025)

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81 May 8, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE Resetting Hearing on Motion 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM : Motion Hearing reset for 7/21/2025 02:00 PM in Courtroom 18 (In person only) before Judge William G. Young. (KB) (Entered: 05/08/2025)

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May 8, 2025

Notice Setting or Resetting Hearing on Motion

May 8, 2025

Order on Motion to Continue

82 May 9, 2025

MOTION for Order to Motion for Order Authorizing Plaintiffs to File Response of 57 Pages to Defendants Motions to Dismiss by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A Response in Opposition to Motions to Dismiss, # 2 Appendix A Ivy League Chart, # 3 Text of Proposed Order Authorizing Plaintiffs to File Response of 57 Pages)(Bock, William) (Entered: 05/09/2025)

1 Exhibit A Response in Opposition to Motions to Dismiss

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2 Appendix A Ivy League Chart

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3 Text of Proposed Order Authorizing Plaintiffs to File Response of 57 Pages

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83 May 12, 2025

Opposition re 66 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 69 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 64 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, 65 MOTION to Dismiss the Complaint filed by Grace Estabrook, Ellen Holmquist, Margot Kaczorowski. (Attachments: # 1 Appendix A - Ivy League Chart)(Bock, William) (Entered: 05/12/2025)

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84 May 13, 2025

Judge William G. Young: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered allowed 82 MOTION for Order to Motion for Order Authorizing Plaintiffs to File Response of 57 Pages to Defendants Motions to Dismiss. (MAP) (Entered: 05/13/2025)

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Case Details

State / Territory:

Massachusetts

Case Type(s):

Education

Key Dates

Filing Date: Feb. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiffs are biologically female Ivy League swimmers challenging the inclusion of transwomen in college women's swimming.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Pending

Defendants

Non-profit or advocacy

President and Fellows of Harvard College

Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania

Private Entity/Person

National Collegiate Athletic Association

The Ivy League Council of Presidents

Defendant Type(s):

College/University

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681 et seq.

Other Dockets:

District of Massachusetts 1:25-cv-10281

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Sought:

Damages

Declaratory judgment

Injunction

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

General/Misc.:

Bathrooms

Education

School/University Facilities

School/University policies

Discrimination Area:

Sports

Discrimination Basis:

Sex discrimination

Affected Sex/Gender(s):

Female

LGBTQ+:

Transgender: Sports

Recommended Citation