Case: Barnes v. United States

1:25-cv-00043 | U.S. Court of International Trade

Filed Date: Feb. 3, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenged President Trump's imposition of tariffs on various countries. On February 3, 2025, Gary Barnes, a pro se plaintiff, sued President Trump and the United States in the Court of International Trade, alleging that the tariffs imposed by President Trump violated the Constitution's separation of powers by performing duties delegated to the legislative branch. The plaintiff requested preliminary and permanent injunctive relief banning President Trump from imposing any tariffs or c…

This case challenged President Trump's imposition of tariffs on various countries. On February 3, 2025, Gary Barnes, a pro se plaintiff, sued President Trump and the United States in the Court of International Trade, alleging that the tariffs imposed by President Trump violated the Constitution's separation of powers by performing duties delegated to the legislative branch. The plaintiff requested preliminary and permanent injunctive relief banning President Trump from imposing any tariffs or collecting duties on those already imposed. The case was assigned to Judge Jennifer Choe-Groves.

On March 21, 2025, the defendants moved to dismiss the case, arguing that the plaintiff lacked standing to bring his case. The court agreed on May 23, 2025, ordering the case to be dismissed without prejudice but allowing the plaintiff until June 23 to remedy the pleading deficiencies found by the court. Specifically, the court found that the plaintiff had failed to allege an injury in fact, since his claim that President Trump had violated the Constitution was based on an alleged violation of “the right, possessed by every citizen, to require that the Government be administered according to law," which is "abstract and cannot support Article III standing." The court also rejected the plaintiff's alleged economic injury from the tariffs as sufficient to confer standing, since the alleged injury would not be particularized but would "adversely affect the household income of [the plaintiff] and all United States citizens." Therefore, the court found that the plaintiff's injury was speculative and not particularized, which failed to meet the requirements for Article III standing. 2025 WL 1483384. 

The case is ongoing. 

Summary Authors

Jeremiah Price (6/13/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69616158/parties/barnes-v-united-states/


Attorney for Plaintiff

Barnes, Gary L. (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Laufgraben, Eric Evan (District of Columbia)

Mathers, Luke (District of Columbia)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
3

1:25-cv-00043

Complaint and Requests for Preliminary Injunction and Injunction

Barnes v. Trump

Feb. 3, 2025

Feb. 3, 2025

Complaint
9

1:25-cv-00043

Defendant's Motion to Dismiss

Barnes v. The United States

March 21, 2025

March 21, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief
13

1:25-cv-00043

Plaintiff's Reply to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss

Barnes v. The United States

April 22, 2025

April 22, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief
14

1:25-cv-00043

Defendant's Reply in Support of Its Motion to Dismiss

May 9, 2025

May 9, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief
15

1:25-cv-00043

Opinion and Order

May 23, 2025

May 23, 2025

Order/Opinion

2025 WL 1483384

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69616158/barnes-v-united-states/

Last updated July 7, 2025, 10:10 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

Summons . Filed by Pro Se Gary L. Barnes. (Warner, Scott) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

Feb. 3, 2025

Feb. 3, 2025

PACER
2

Form 5 Information Statement . Filed by Pro Se Gary L. Barnes. (Warner, Scott) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

Feb. 3, 2025

Feb. 3, 2025

PACER
3

Complaint and Requests for Preliminary Injunction and Injunction against United States. Answer due by 4/4/2025. Filed by Pro Se Gary L. Barnes. (Warner, Scott) (Entered: 02/05/2025)

Feb. 3, 2025

Feb. 3, 2025

Clearinghouse
4

Order entered on 2/7/2025, assigning action to Judge Jennifer Choe-Groves. (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 02/07/2025)

Feb. 7, 2025

Feb. 7, 2025

PACER
5

Form 11 Notice of Appearance . Filed by Eric Evan Laufgraben of U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of United States.(Laufgraben, Eric) (Entered: 02/10/2025)

Feb. 10, 2025

Feb. 10, 2025

PACER
6

Paperless Order entered on 2/20/2025, ORDERED A Video Status Conference is set for February 28, 2025 at 1:00 PM EST. via WebEx. (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 02/20/2025)

Feb. 20, 2025

Feb. 20, 2025

PACER
7

Video Status Conference via WebEx held on 2/28/2025 at 1:00 PM in Offsite. Appearance sheet attached. (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

Feb. 28, 2025

Feb. 28, 2025

PACER
8

Rule 16 notice . The Parties shall confer and file a joint proposed scheduling order on or before March 31, 2025. (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 02/28/2025)

Feb. 28, 2025

Feb. 28, 2025

PACER
9

Motion to dismiss case . Response to Dispositive Motion due by 4/25/2025. Filed by Eric Evan Laufgraben of U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of United States.(Laufgraben, Eric) (Entered: 03/21/2025)

March 21, 2025

March 21, 2025

Clearinghouse
10

Consent Motion for extension of time within 14 days of the United States filing its answer to the complaint, if any to File Response to Rule 16 Notice. Responses due by 4/17/2025. Filed by Eric Evan Laufgraben of U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of United States.(Laufgraben, Eric) Modified on 3/27/2025 (Taronji, Steve). (Entered: 03/27/2025)

March 27, 2025

March 27, 2025

PACER
11

Order entered on 3/27/2025, ORDERED that Defendant's Consent Motion for an Extension of Time, ECF No. 10, is granted. The Parties shall confer and file a joint proposed scheduling order, in accordance with the Court's letter of February 28, 2025, within 14 days of Defendant's filing its response to Plaintiff's complaint. (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 03/27/2025)

March 27, 2025

March 27, 2025

PACER
12

Form 12 Substitution of Attorney filed by Luke Mathers to appear in place of Eric Evan Laufgraben. Filed by Luke Mathers of U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of United States.(Mathers, Luke) (Entered: 04/11/2025)

April 11, 2025

April 11, 2025

PACER
13

Plaintiff's Response to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (related document(s) 9 ). Replies due by 5/13/2025. Filed by Pro Se Gary L. Barnes. (Goell, Geoffrey) (Entered: 04/22/2025)

April 22, 2025

April 22, 2025

Clearinghouse
14

Reply in support of motion to dismiss (related document(s) 13 ). Filed by Luke Mathers of U.S. Department of Justice on behalf of United States.(Mathers, Luke) (Entered: 05/09/2025)

May 9, 2025

May 9, 2025

RECAP
15

Order entered on 5/23/2025, Slip Op. 25-65, ORDERED that Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 9, is granted and Plaintiff's Complaint, ECF No. 3, is dismissed without prejudice; and it is further ORDERED that the Court will allow Plaintiff to file an Amended Complaint resolving all pleading deficiencies on or before June 23, 2025. If Plaintiff does not file an Amended Complaint by the deadline, the Court will direct the Clerk of Court to close this case and judgment will be entered in favor of Defendant. (related document(s) 13, 14,). (Taronji, Steve) (Entered: 05/23/2025)

May 23, 2025

May 23, 2025

RECAP

Case Details