Case: State of New Jersey v. United States Department of Justice

1:25-cv-00404 | U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island

Filed Date: Aug. 18, 2025

Case Ongoing

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Case Summary

The Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) was enacted by Congress in 1984 after a 1982 report from President Ronald Reagan's Task Force on Victims of Crime concluded that the "neglect of crime victims is a national disgrace". VOCA created a series of grant programs to help states provide critical resources and services to victims and survivors of crime, such as emergency shelter, sexual assault forensic exams, medical expenses, lost wages, and counseling. The intent was to provide direct compensation and service programs with minimal bureaucratic "strings attached" to support inadequately funded state and local victim assistance programs. The Act also created the Crime Victims Fund, which is financed by penalties and fees from federal offenders, not from taxpayers.

In July 2025, the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), attempted to impose new immigration enforcement conditions on federal grants provided to states under VOCA. This case challenges those conditions.

On August 18, 2025, several states and the District of Columbia filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island against the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ); the U.S. Attorney General; the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) and its Acting Assistant Attorney General; and the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) and its Acting Director. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendants’ actions violated the Administrative Procedure Act, the Separation of Powers, the Spending Clause, and were ultra vires. Represented by their Attorneys General, the plaintiffs sought declaratory and injunctive relief to enjoin the defendants from implementing or enforcing the conditions on the FY 2024 VOCA victim assistance grants. Judge John James McConnell Jr. presides over the case.

The plaintiffs argued that the conditions were unlawful because they lacked statutory authorization and were arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act, as they failed to account for states’ reliance interests or the conditions’ adverse impact on victims. They further contended that the conditions violated the Spending Clause, being unrelated to VOCA’s purpose, impermissibly ambiguous, and coercive in forcing states to forfeit either critical funding or their sovereign control over local resources. Additionally, the plaintiffs raised Separation of Powers and ultra vires claims, asserting that the DOJ and OVC had exceeded their statutory authority. They maintained that Congress, not federal agencies, retained the “power of the purse” and that nothing in VOCA or any other statute authorized the imposition of immigration-related funding conditions.

A month after filing the complaint, on October 3, 2025, New Jersey Attorney General Matthew J. Platkin and officials announced that the DOJ had agreed to “drop illegal conditions on this critical funding, which will ensure that advocacy services, sexual assault forensic exams, medical and funeral expenses, and other critical resources for victims of crimes will continue to be available.”

On October 15, 2025, the government filed for a stay of their deadline to file a motion to dismiss amid the government shutdown. The court denied the government's motion due to their obligations to continue their constitutional duties, but extended their deadline to respond to the complaint to December 19, 2025.

This case is ongoing.

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Summary Authors

Victoria Tan (8/22/2025)

Maddy Ligon (10/21/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71135488/parties/state-of-new-jersey-v-united-states-department-of-justice/

Judge(s)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Abraham, Stanley William (Rhode Island)

Castelli, Thomas H. (Rhode Island)

Chien, Marsha (Rhode Island)

Day, David Dana (Rhode Island)

Duraiswamy, Shankar (Rhode Island)

Attorney for Defendant

Judge(s)

McConnell, John James (Rhode Island)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Abraham, Stanley William (Rhode Island)

Castelli, Thomas H. (Rhode Island)

Chien, Marsha (Rhode Island)

Day, David Dana (Rhode Island)

Duraiswamy, Shankar (Rhode Island)

Fernandes, Kalikoonalani Diara (Rhode Island)

Freedman, Luke (Rhode Island)

Giarrano, Leonard Giarrano (Rhode Island)

Gibson, Rosanna E. (Rhode Island)

Giovanatti, Neil (Rhode Island)

Joya, Heidi (Rhode Island)

Kassab, Vanessa L. (Rhode Island)

Knowles, Newton Knowles (Rhode Island)

Korgaonkar, Natasha (Rhode Island)

Levine, Zoe (Rhode Island)

Liebowitz, Benjamin Daniel (Rhode Island)

Liston, Ian (Rhode Island)

Marrero, Joel (Rhode Island)

Meskill, Ashley H. (Rhode Island)

Moskowitz, David (Rhode Island)

Noferi, Mark (Rhode Island)

Pallas, John S. (Rhode Island)

Roberts, Tyler S. (Rhode Island)

Rose, Jonathan T. (Rhode Island)

Roth, Colin T. (Rhode Island)

Saxena, Mayur Prasad (Rhode Island)

Seel, Benjamin M. (Rhode Island)

Sepe, Cristina (Rhode Island)

Sherman, Lee (Rhode Island)

Stern, Heidi Parry (Rhode Island)

Thrift-Viveros, Deylin O (Rhode Island)

Tran, Delbert (Rhode Island)

Vail, Hannah (Rhode Island)

Weaver, Robert Henry (Rhode Island)

Attorney for Defendant

Villalon, Natalie Moreland (Rhode Island)

Attorney Contact Information via CourtListener

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

	Document
1 1:25-cv-00404	Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025 Complaint
40 1:25-cv-00404	Joint Stipulation to Extend Time to Respond to Complaint	Oct. 20, 2025	Oct. 20, 2025 Pleading / Motion / Brief

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Resources

Title	Description		External URL Date / External URL
EO 14159 - Protecting the American People Against Invasion President Donald Trump	Declaring that it is the policy of the United States to execute immigration laws against all inadmissible and removable noncitizens and to achieve the total and efficient enforcement of those laws, i…	Jan. 20, 2025	Jan. 20, 2025 https://www.federalregister.gov/...

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Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71135488/state-of-new-jersey-v-united-states-department-of-justice/

Last updated June 4, 2026, 4:42 a.m.

ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
1	COMPLAINT ( filing fee paid $ 405.00, receipt number ARIDC-2173180 ), filed by State of Rhode Island. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Exhibit, # 4 Civil Cover Sheet, # 5 Summons Request, # 6 Summons Request, # 7 Summons Request, # 8 Summons Request, # 9 Summons Request, # 10 Summons Request)(Giarrano, Leonard) (Entered: 08/18/2025) 1 Exhibit View on RECAP 2 Exhibit View on RECAP 3 Exhibit View on RECAP 4 Civil Cover Sheet View on RECAP 5 Summons Request View on RECAP 6 Summons Request View on RECAP 7 Summons Request View on RECAP 8 Summons Request View on RECAP 9 Summons Request View on RECAP 10 Summons Request View on RECAP	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025 Clearinghouse
2	CASE OPENING NOTICE ISSUED (Hill, Cherelle) (Entered: 08/18/2025)	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025
3	Summons Issued as to Pamela J. Bondi, Maureen Henneberg, Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, Katherine Darke Schmitt, United States Department of Justice (Attachments: # 1 Maureen Henneberg Summons, # 2 Office for Victims of Crime Summons, # 3 Office of Justice Programs Summons, # 4 Pamela J. Bondi Summons, # 5 United States Department of Justice Suumons)(Hill, Cherelle) (Entered: 08/18/2025) 1 Maureen Henneberg Summons View on RECAP 2 Office for Victims of Crime Summons View on RECAP 3 Office of Justice Programs Summons View on RECAP 4 Pamela J. Bondi Summons View on RECAP 5 United States Department of Justice Suumons View on RECAP	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025
	Case assigned to Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. and Magistrate Judge Amy E. Moses. (Hill, Cherelle)	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025
	Case assigned to Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. and Magistrate Judge Amy E. Moses. (Hill, Cherelle)	Aug. 18, 2025	Aug. 18, 2025
4	SUMMONS Returned Executed by State of Rhode Island. All Defendants. (Attachments: # 1 Signed Proof of Service (Pamela J. Bondi), # 2 Signed Proof of Service (OJP), # 3 Signed Proof of Service (Maureen Henneberg), # 4 Signed Proof of Service (OVC), # 5 Signed Proof of Service (Katherine Darke Schmitt))(Giarrano, Leonard) (Entered: 08/19/2025) 1 Signed Proof of Service (Pamela J. Bondi) View on PACER 2 Signed Proof of Service (OJP) View on PACER 3 Signed Proof of Service (Maureen Henneberg) View on RECAP 4 Signed Proof of Service (OVC) View on RECAP 5 Signed Proof of Service (Katherine Darke Schmitt) View on RECAP	Aug. 19, 2025	Aug. 19, 2025
	TEXT ORDER: Pursuant to LR Gen 101(c), the Court suspends LR Gen 201(a) and any attorney employed by a State or the District of Columbia and who is a member in good standing of the bar of another federal district court and each jurisdiction in which that attorney has been admitted may appear and practice in this matter without being admitted pro hac vice. Attorneys appearing on behalf of the States and the District of Columbia are directed to obtain filing privileges via PACER and to enter their appearances. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 8/20/2025. (Jackson, Ryan)	Aug. 20, 2025	Aug. 20, 2025
	TEXT ORDER: Pursuant to LR Gen 101(c), the Court suspends LR Gen 201(a) and any attorney employed by a State or the District of Columbia and who is a member in good standing of the bar of another federal district court and each jurisdiction in which that attorney has been admitted may appear and practice in this matter without being admitted pro hac vice. Attorneys appearing on behalf of the States and the District of Columbia are directed to obtain filing privileges via PACER and to enter their appearances. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 8/20/2025. (Jackson, Ryan)	Aug. 20, 2025	Aug. 20, 2025
5	NOTICE of Appearance by Ian Liston on behalf of State of Delaware (Liston, Ian) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
6	NOTICE of Appearance by Vanessa L. Kassab on behalf of State of Delaware (Kassab, Vanessa) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
7	NOTICE of Appearance by Rosanna E. Gibson on behalf of State of Delaware (Gibson, Rosanna) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
8	NOTICE of Appearance by Lee Sherman on behalf of State of California (Sherman, Lee) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
9	NOTICE of Appearance by Deylin O Thrift-Viveros on behalf of State of California (Thrift-Viveros, Deylin) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
10	NOTICE of Appearance by Delbert Tran on behalf of State of California (Tran, Delbert) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
11	NOTICE of Appearance by Luke Freedman on behalf of State of California (Freedman, Luke) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
12	NOTICE of Appearance by Newton Knowles, III on behalf of State of California (Knowles, Newton) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
13	NOTICE of Appearance by Joel Marrero on behalf of State of California (Marrero, Joel) (Entered: 08/21/2025)	Aug. 21, 2025	Aug. 21, 2025
14	NOTICE of Appearance by Jonathan T. Rose on behalf of State of Vermont (Rose, Jonathan) (Entered: 08/22/2025)	Aug. 22, 2025	Aug. 22, 2025
15	NOTICE of Appearance by Shankar Duraiswamy on behalf of State of New Jersey (Duraiswamy, Shankar) (Entered: 08/22/2025)	Aug. 22, 2025	Aug. 22, 2025
16	NOTICE of Appearance by Heidi Joya on behalf of State of California (Joya, Heidi) (Entered: 08/22/2025)	Aug. 22, 2025	Aug. 22, 2025
17	NOTICE of Appearance by Mayur Prasad Saxena on behalf of State of New Jersey (Saxena, Mayur) (Entered: 08/22/2025)	Aug. 22, 2025	Aug. 22, 2025
18	NOTICE of Appearance by Zoe Levine on behalf of State of New York (Levine, Zoe) (Entered: 08/23/2025)	Aug. 23, 2025	Aug. 23, 2025
19	NOTICE of Appearance by Natalie Moreland Villalon on behalf of All Defendants (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 08/25/2025)	Aug. 25, 2025	Aug. 25, 2025
20	NOTICE of Appearance by Hannah Vail on behalf of Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Vail, Hannah) (Entered: 08/25/2025)	Aug. 25, 2025	Aug. 25, 2025
21	NOTICE of Appearance by Natasha Korgaonkar on behalf of State of New York (Korgaonkar, Natasha) (Entered: 08/25/2025)	Aug. 25, 2025	Aug. 25, 2025
22	NOTICE of Appearance by David Moskowitz on behalf of State of Colorado (Moskowitz, David) (Entered: 08/26/2025)	Aug. 26, 2025	Aug. 26, 2025
23	NOTICE of Appearance by John S. Pallas on behalf of State of Michigan (Pallas, John) (Entered: 08/27/2025)	Aug. 27, 2025	Aug. 27, 2025
24	NOTICE of Appearance by Stanley William Abraham, III on behalf of State of Maine (Abraham, Stanley) (Entered: 08/27/2025)	Aug. 27, 2025	Aug. 27, 2025
25	NOTICE of Appearance by Neil Giovanatti on behalf of State of Michigan (Giovanatti, Neil) (Entered: 08/27/2025)	Aug. 27, 2025	Aug. 27, 2025
26	NOTICE of Appearance by Thomas H. Castelli on behalf of State of Oregon (Castelli, Thomas) (Entered: 08/29/2025)	Aug. 29, 2025	Aug. 29, 2025
27	NOTICE of Appearance by Heidi Parry Stern on behalf of State of Nevada (Stern, Heidi) (Entered: 09/03/2025)	Sept. 3, 2025	Sept. 3, 2025
28	NOTICE of Appearance by Kalikoonalani Diara Fernandes on behalf of State of Hawai'i (Fernandes, Kalikoonalani) (Entered: 09/03/2025)	Sept. 3, 2025	Sept. 3, 2025
29	NOTICE of Appearance by David Dana Day on behalf of State of Hawai'i (Day, David) (Entered: 09/03/2025)	Sept. 3, 2025	Sept. 3, 2025
30	NOTICE of Appearance by Michael M. Tresnowski on behalf of State of Illinois (Tresnowski, Michael) (Entered: 09/04/2025)	Sept. 4, 2025	Sept. 4, 2025
31	NOTICE of Appearance by Robert Henry Weaver on behalf of State of Illinois (Weaver, Robert) (Entered: 09/05/2025)	Sept. 5, 2025	Sept. 5, 2025
32	NOTICE of Appearance by Marsha Chien on behalf of State of Washington (Chien, Marsha) (Entered: 09/09/2025)	Sept. 9, 2025	Sept. 9, 2025
33	NOTICE of Appearance by Tyler S. Roberts on behalf of State of Washington (Roberts, Tyler) (Entered: 09/09/2025)	Sept. 9, 2025	Sept. 9, 2025
34	NOTICE of Appearance by Benjamin M. Seel on behalf of State of Washington (Seel, Benjamin) (Entered: 09/09/2025)	Sept. 9, 2025	Sept. 9, 2025
35	NOTICE of Appearance by Cristina Sepe on behalf of State of Washington (Sepe, Cristina) (Entered: 09/09/2025)	Sept. 9, 2025	Sept. 9, 2025
36	NOTICE of Appearance by Benjamin Daniel Liebowitz on behalf of State of New York (Liebowitz, Benjamin) (Entered: 09/12/2025)	Sept. 12, 2025	Sept. 12, 2025
37	NOTICE of Appearance by Colin T. Roth on behalf of State of Wisconsin (Roth, Colin) (Entered: 09/26/2025)	Sept. 26, 2025	Sept. 26, 2025
38	NOTICE of Appearance by Ashley H. Meskill on behalf of State of Connecticut (Meskill, Ashley) (Entered: 09/30/2025)	Sept. 30, 2025	Sept. 30, 2025
39	Consent MOTION to Stay Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Deadline filed by All Defendants. Responses due by 10/29/2025. (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 10/15/2025)	Oct. 15, 2025	Oct. 15, 2025 Clearinghouse
39	Consent MOTION to Stay Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Deadline filed by All Defendants. Responses due by 10/29/2025. (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 10/15/2025)	Oct. 15, 2025	Oct. 15, 2025 Clearinghouse
40	Joint STIPULATION to Extend Time to Respond to Complaint filed by All Defendants. (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 10/20/2025)	Oct. 20, 2025	Oct. 20, 2025 Clearinghouse
	TEXT ORDER denying 39 Motion to Stay. The Court is required to continue its constitutional functions, and therefore the Motion to Stay is DENIED. Department of Justice contingency plan states: "If a court denies such a request [to stay or continue] and orders a case to continue, the Government will comply with the courts order, which would constitute express legal authorization for the activity to continue." If the Defendants want to stipulate to a new due date for their responsive pleading, they should file such a stipulation, and the Court will enter it. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 10/20/2025. (Urizandi, Nissheneyra)	Oct. 20, 2025	Oct. 20, 2025
	TEXT ORDER denying 39 Motion to Stay. The Court is required to continue its constitutional functions, and therefore the Motion to Stay is DENIED. Department of Justice contingency plan states: "If a court denies such a request [to stay or continue] and orders a case to continue, the Government will comply with the courts order, which would constitute express legal authorization for the activity to continue." If the Defendants want to stipulate to a new due date for their responsive pleading, they should file such a stipulation, and the Court will enter it. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 10/20/2025. (Urizandi, Nissheneyra)	Oct. 20, 2025	Oct. 20, 2025
	TEXT ORDER entering 40 Joint STIPULATION to Extend Time to Respond to Complaint. Answers due 12/19/2025. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 10/21/2025. (Simoncelli, Michael)	Oct. 21, 2025	Oct. 21, 2025
	Order Entering Stipulation AND ~Util - Set Deadlines	Oct. 21, 2025	Oct. 21, 2025
41	NOTICE of Appearance by Mark Noferi on behalf of State of New Mexico (Noferi, Mark) (Entered: 11/12/2025)	Nov. 12, 2025	Nov. 12, 2025
42	NOTICE of Appearance by Paul Timothy James Meosky on behalf of State of Rhode Island (Meosky, Paul) (Entered: 12/18/2025)	Dec. 18, 2025	Dec. 18, 2025
43	Joint STIPULATION to Extend Time to Respond to Complaint filed by All Defendants. (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 12/19/2025)	Dec. 19, 2025	Dec. 19, 2025 RECAP
	TEXT ORDER Entering 43 Stipulation for Extension of Time to Respond to Complaint filed by Katherine Darke Schmitt, United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Pamela J. Bondi, Office for Victims of Crime, Maureen Henneberg; Pamela J. Bondi answer due 1/20/2026; Maureen Henneberg answer due 1/20/2026; Office for Victims of Crime answer due 1/20/2026; Office of Justice Programs answer due 1/20/2026; Katherine Darke Schmitt answer due 1/20/2026; United States Department of Justice answer due 1/20/2026. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 12/22/2025. (Jackson, Ryan)	Dec. 22, 2025	Dec. 22, 2025
	Order AND ~Util - Set Deadlines	Dec. 22, 2025	Dec. 22, 2025
44	Joint STIPULATION to Extend Time to Respond to Complaint filed by All Defendants. (Moreland Villalon, Natalie) (Entered: 01/20/2026)	Jan. 20, 2026	Jan. 20, 2026 RECAP
	TEXT ORDER Entering 44 Stipulation Extending Time for Response to Complaint filed by Katherine Darke Schmitt, United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Pamela J. Bondi, Office for Victims of Crime, Maureen Henneberg; Pamela J. Bondi answer due 2/19/2026; Maureen Henneberg answer due 2/19/2026; Office for Victims of Crime answer due 2/19/2026; Office of Justice Programs answer due 2/19/2026; Katherine Darke Schmitt answer due 2/19/2026; United States Department of Justice answer due 2/19/2026. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 1/21/2026. (Jackson, Ryan)	Jan. 21, 2026	Jan. 21, 2026
	Order AND ~Util - Set Deadlines	Jan. 21, 2026	Jan. 21, 2026
45	Joint STIPULATION and Motion to Hold Case in Abeyance filed by State of New Jersey. (Saxena, Mayur) (Entered: 02/12/2026)	Feb. 12, 2026	Feb. 12, 2026
	TEXT ORDER Entering 45 Stipulation and Motion to Hold Case in Abeyance filed by State of New Jersey: the Court hereby stays all pending deadlines and holds this case in abeyance up to and including the earlier of (i) one hundred and twenty (120) days from the date the Court rules on this motion or (ii) upon the request of any party that the abeyance be lifted. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 2/13/2026. (Jackson, Ryan)	Feb. 13, 2026	Feb. 13, 2026
	TEXT ORDER Entering 45 Stipulation and Motion to Hold Case in Abeyance filed by State of New Jersey: the Court hereby stays all pending deadlines and holds this case in abeyance up to and including the earlier of (i) one hundred and twenty (120) days from the date the Court rules on this motion or (ii) upon the request of any party that the abeyance be lifted. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 2/13/2026. (Jackson, Ryan)	Feb. 13, 2026	Feb. 13, 2026
	TEXT ORDER: Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d), Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche has been substituted for Pamela J. Bondi in this matter. So Ordered by Chief Judge John J. McConnell, Jr. on 4/9/2026. (Simoncelli, Michael)	April 9, 2026	April 9, 2026
	Order AND ~Util - Add and Terminate Parties	April 9, 2026	April 9, 2026

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Case Details

State / Territory:

Rhode Island

Case Type(s):

Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Grant/Contract rescissions, Defunding or Other Threats against Private Entities

Key Dates

Filing Date: Aug. 18, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

The District of Columbia and several states, including New Jersey, Rhode Island, California, Delaware, Illinois, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Plaintiff Type(s):

State Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Federal

Office for Victims of Crime

Office of Justice Programs

U.S. Attorney General

U.S. Department of Justice

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Facility Type(s):

Government-run

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Constitutional Clause(s):

Separation of Powers

Spending/Appropriations Clauses

Other Dockets:

District of Rhode Island 1:25-cv-00404

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Sought:

Declaratory judgment

Injunction

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

General/Misc.:

Funding

Government services

Public assistance grants

Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority:

Commandeering

Recommended Citation

Case Summary of State of New Jersey v. United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Litig. Clearinghouse, https://clearinghouse.net/case/46867/ (last updated 10/21/2025).