Case: United States v. City of Boston

1:25-cv-12456 | U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts

Filed Date: Sept. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This is a case challenging Boston’s Trust Act (sanctuary city laws). The Trust Act, enacted in 2014, prohibits the Boston Police Department from detaining individuals on the basis of immigration status or civil immigration warrants . For more information on the many federal government challenges to sanctuary city laws, see here.  On September 4, 2025, the Department of Justice (DOJ) filed this lawsuit against the city of Boston in the United States District Court for the District of Massachuset…

This is a case challenging Boston’s Trust Act (sanctuary city laws). The Trust Act, enacted in 2014, prohibits the Boston Police Department from detaining individuals on the basis of immigration status or civil immigration warrants . For more information on the many federal government challenges to sanctuary city laws, see here. 

On September 4, 2025, the Department of Justice (DOJ) filed this lawsuit against the city of Boston in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. The DOJ sued Boston under the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution, as well as 8 U.S.C. § 1373. § 1371 is a cause of action that pertains to obstructing communication to and from the Immigration Naturalization Services. Plaintiffs argued that the Trust Act interfered with federal law, in violation of the Constitution. Specifically, plaintiffs allege that the Trust Act interferes with ICE’s ability to carry out its immigration enforcement efforts, vested in the executive branch via (Constitutional clause). The complaint sought declaratory and injunctive relief to void Boston’s Trust Act. The case was assigned to District Judge Leo T. Sorokin.  

This case is ongoing.

Summary Authors

Claire Pollard (9/6/2025)

Nithya Arun (10/13/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71271696/parties/united-states-v-city-of-boston/


Judge(s)

Sorokin, Leo Theodore (Massachusetts)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Hulseberg, Jordan (Massachusetts)

Wen, James (Massachusetts)

Attorney for Defendant

Dinning, Sam (Massachusetts)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

1:25-cv-12456

Complaint

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Complaint

Resources

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71271696/united-states-v-city-of-boston/

Last updated Oct. 23, 2025, 11:47 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against All Defendants (Fee Status: US Government), filed by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - 2014 Boston Trust Act, # 2 Exhibit 2 - 2019 Boston Trust Act, # 3 Exhibit 3 - 2015 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 4 Exhibit 4 2016 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 5 Exhibit 2017 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 6 Exhibit 2018 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 7 Exhibit 2021 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 8 Exhibit 2022 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 9 Exhibit 2023 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 10 Exhibit 2024 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report, # 11 Civil Cover Sheet, # 12 Category Form)(Wen, James). (Entered: 09/04/2025)

1 Exhibit Exhibit 1 - 2014 Boston Trust Act

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2 Exhibit Exhibit 2 - 2019 Boston Trust Act

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3 Exhibit Exhibit 3 - 2015 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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4 Exhibit Exhibit 4 2016 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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5 Exhibit Exhibit 5 2017 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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6 Exhibit Exhibit 6 2018 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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7 Exhibit Exhibit 7 2021 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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8 Exhibit Exhibit 8 2022 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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9 Exhibit Exhibit 9 2023 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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10 Exhibit Exhibit 10 2024 BPDs Boston Trust Act Report

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11 Civil Cover Sheet

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12 Category Form

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Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

Clearinghouse
2

NOTICE of Appearance by James Wen on behalf of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (Wen, James) (Entered: 09/04/2025)

Sept. 4, 2025

Sept. 4, 2025

RECAP
3

ELECTRONIC NOTICE of Case Assignment. District Judge Leo T. Sorokin assigned to case. If the trial Judge issues an Order of Reference of any matter in this case to a Magistrate Judge, the matter will be transmitted to Magistrate Judge Paul G. Levenson. (NMC) (Entered: 09/05/2025)

Sept. 5, 2025

Sept. 5, 2025

4

Summons Issued as to All Defendants. Counsel receiving this notice electronically should download this summons, complete one for each defendant and serve it in accordance with Fed.R.Civ.P. 4 and LR 4.1. Summons will be mailed to plaintiff(s) not receiving notice electronically for completion of service. (NVB) (Entered: 09/05/2025)

Sept. 5, 2025

Sept. 5, 2025

RECAP
5

NOTICE of Appearance by Jordan Hulseberg on behalf of The United States of America (Hulseberg, Jordan) (Entered: 09/05/2025)

Sept. 5, 2025

Sept. 5, 2025

RECAP

Notice of Case Assignment

Sept. 5, 2025

Sept. 5, 2025

10

SUMMONS Returned Executed. Boston Police Department served on 9/11/2025, answer due 10/2/2025. (FGD) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER
6

SUMMONS Returned Executed The United States of America served on 9/11/2025, answer due 10/2/2025. (Wen, James) Modified on 9/17/2025: Document removed and properly refiled as separate entries. See entries 7, 8, 9, and 10 . (FGD) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER
7

SUMMONS Returned Executed. Michael A. Cox served on 9/11/2025, answer due 10/2/2025. (FGD) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

RECAP
8

SUMMONS Returned Executed. The City of Boston served on 9/11/2025, answer due 10/2/2025. (FGD) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

RECAP
9

SUMMONS Returned Executed. Michelle Wu served on 9/11/2025, answer due 10/2/2025. (FGD) (Entered: 09/17/2025)

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

PACER

Summons Returned Executed

Sept. 17, 2025

Sept. 17, 2025

11

Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to 11/17/2025 to File Answer by Boston Police Department, Michael A. Cox, The City of Boston, Michelle Wu.(Dinning, Sam) (Entered: 09/26/2025)

Sept. 26, 2025

Sept. 26, 2025

RECAP
12

District Judge Leo T. Sorokin: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered re: 11 Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to 11/17/2025 to File Answer.ALLOWED. Boston Police Department answer due 11/17/2025; Michael A. Cox answer due 11/17/2025; The City of Boston answer due 11/17/2025; Michelle Wu answer due 11/17/2025. (FGD) (Entered: 09/29/2025)

Sept. 29, 2025

Sept. 29, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to Answer

Sept. 29, 2025

Sept. 29, 2025

13

District Judge Leo T. Sorokin: ORDER entered. New Civil Cases General Procedural ORDER. (FGD) (Entered: 10/16/2025)

Oct. 16, 2025

Oct. 16, 2025

RECAP

Case Details

State / Territory: Massachusetts

Case Type(s):

Immigration and/or the Border

Special Collection(s):

Trump 1.0 & 2.0 Immigration Enforcement Order Challenges

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations By the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: Sept. 4, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

United States Government

Plaintiff Type(s):

U.S. Dept of Justice plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Supremacy Clause

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Nature of Relief:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Declaratory Judgment

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Immigration/Border:

Sanctuary city/state