Case: Primus v. Trump

1:25-cv-03521 | U.S. District Court for the District of District of Columbia

Filed Date: Oct. 1, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenged President Trump’s removal of a member of the Surface Transportation Board (STB). On August 27, 2025, President Trump removed plaintiff, Robert E. Primus, from his position as a member of the STB. Plaintiff had served on the Board since being appointed during President Trump’s first term in January 2021. His current five-year term was not set to expire until December 31, 2027. Under the Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act of 2015, STB is a “multimember, bipartis…

This case challenged President Trump’s removal of a member of the Surface Transportation Board (STB).

On August 27, 2025, President Trump removed plaintiff, Robert E. Primus, from his position as a member of the STB. Plaintiff had served on the Board since being appointed during President Trump’s first term in January 2021. His current five-year term was not set to expire until December 31, 2027. Under the Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act of 2015, STB is a “multimember, bipartisan board of experts, appointed by the President and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate”. Members serve a fixed term and are subject to removal only for “inefficient, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.”

On October 1, 2025, Plaintiff, represented by attorneys from non-profit Democracy Forward Foundation and private counsel at Justice Legal Strategies PLLC, sued President Trump, the Chairman of the STB, and the STB itself over the President’s decision to remove him from his position as a member of the STB. In a letter from the Presidential Personnel Office, Plaintiff was informed of his termination with no further explanation given. Based on this, Plaintiff alleged that the President had removed him absent a showing of inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. Plaintiff claimed that this violated the 2015 Act (49 U.S.C. § 1301(b)(3)). Plaintiff sought declaratory and injunctive relief.

On October 2, the case was assigned to Judge Dabney L. Friedrich of the D.C. District Court. Judge Friedrich also issued a minute order directing Plaintiff to file a motion for a Temporary Restraining Order or Preliminary Injunction by October 9 if Plaintiff intended to seek one. As of November 6, nothing has been filed.

This case remains ongoing. 

Summary Authors

Claire Pollard (10/2/2025)

Madeline Kaplan (10/24/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71516044/parties/primus-v-trump/


Judge(s)

Friedrich, Dabney Langhorne (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Goldstein, Elena (District of Columbia)

Greenbaum, Jon M. (District of Columbia)

Liao, Cynthia (District of Columbia)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case
1

1:25-cv-03521

Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief

Primus v. Trump et al.

Oct. 1, 2025

Oct. 1, 2025

Complaint

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71516044/primus-v-trump/

Last updated July 22, 2026, 3:53 a.m.

ECF Number Date Description Link
1 Oct. 1, 2025

COMPLAINT against Patrick J. Fuchs, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP ( Filing fee $ 405 receipt number ADCDC-11997372) filed by Robert E Primus. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Summons, # 3 Summons, # 4 Summons, # 5 Summons, # 6 Summons)(Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/01/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

View on PACER

2 Summons

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3 Summons

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4 Summons

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5 Summons

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6 Summons

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Clearinghouse
2 Oct. 1, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Cynthia Liao on behalf of Robert E Primus (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/01/2025)

RECAP
3 Oct. 1, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Elena Goldstein on behalf of Robert E Primus (Goldstein, Elena) (Entered: 10/01/2025)

RECAP
4 Oct. 1, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Jon M. Greenbaum on behalf of Robert E Primus (Greenbaum, Jon) (Entered: 10/01/2025)

RECAP
5 Oct. 2, 2025

SUMMONS (5) Issued Electronically as to PATRICK J. FUCHS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (Attachments: # 1 Notice and Consent)(zhcn) (Entered: 10/02/2025)

RECAP
6 Oct. 2, 2025

STANDARD ORDER for Civil Cases. See text for details. Signed by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on October 2, 2025. (lcdlf1) (Entered: 10/02/2025)

RECAP
Oct. 2, 2025

Case Assigned to Judge Dabney L. Friedrich. (zhcn)

Oct. 2, 2025

Case Assigned/Reassigned

Oct. 2, 2025

.Order AND ~Util - Set/Reset Deadlines

Oct. 2, 2025

MINUTE ORDER. Before the Court is the plaintiff's 1 Complaint seeking declarative and injunctive relief based on his removal from the Surface Transportation Board on August 27, 2025. Among other things, he seeks (1) a declaration that his removal was unlawful and (2) injunctive relief ordering the defendants to refrain from treating him as removed and to grant him access to Board facilities and equipment so that he may carry out his duties for the remainder of his term. Dkt. 1 at 11. To the extent that the plaintiff intends to seek any emergency relief--either a Temporary Restraining Order or a Preliminary Injunction--it is ORDERED that he shall file his motion on or before October 9, 2025. So Ordered by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on October 2, 2025. (lcdlf1)

7 Oct. 28, 2025

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. PATRICK J. FUCHS served on 10/20/2025 (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/28/2025)

RECAP
8 Oct. 28, 2025

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD served on 10/20/2025 (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/28/2025)

RECAP
9 Oct. 28, 2025

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed. DONALD J. TRUMP served on 10/8/2025 (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/28/2025)

RECAP
10 Oct. 28, 2025

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed on United States Attorney General. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney General 10/06/2025. (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/28/2025)

RECAP
11 Oct. 28, 2025

RETURN OF SERVICE/AFFIDAVIT of Summons and Complaint Executed as to the United States Attorney. Date of Service Upon United States Attorney on 10/6/2025. Answer due for ALL FEDERAL DEFENDANTS by 12/5/2025. (Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 10/28/2025)

RECAP
12 Dec. 1, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Jordan Hulseberg on behalf of All Defendants (Hulseberg, Jordan) (Entered: 12/01/2025)

RECAP
13 Dec. 2, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Allison Ilene Brown on behalf of All Defendants (Brown, Allison) (Entered: 12/02/2025)

RECAP
14 Dec. 2, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Catherine Carroll on behalf of ROBERT E. PRIMUS (Carroll, Catherine) (Main Document 14 replaced on 12/3/2025) (znmw). (Entered: 12/02/2025)

RECAP
15 Dec. 4, 2025

AMENDED COMPLAINT against PATRICK J. FUCHS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP filed by ROBERT E. PRIMUS. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Redline)(Carroll, Catherine) (Entered: 12/04/2025)

1 Exhibit Redline

View on PACER

RECAP
16 Dec. 28, 2025

Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply to Plaintiff's Amended Complaint by PATRICK J. FUCHS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP. (Hulseberg, Jordan) (Entered: 12/28/2025)

RECAP
Dec. 28, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply

Dec. 28, 2025

MINUTE ORDER granting the defendants' 16 Unopposed Motion for Extension. The defendants shall answer, move to dismiss, or otherwise respond to the plaintiff's 15 Amended Complaint on or before fourteen days after the Court rules on the government's Motion to Stay in Brown v. Trump, et al., No. 25-cv-1764. So Ordered by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on December 28, 2025. (lcdlf1)

17 Jan. 7, 2026

PROPOSED BRIEFING SCHEDULE For Motion to Dismiss on Count II of the Amended Complaint by ROBERT E. PRIMUS. (Carroll, Catherine) (Entered: 01/07/2026)

RECAP
Jan. 8, 2026

.Order AND ~Util - Set/Reset Deadlines

Jan. 8, 2026

MINUTE ORDER granting the parties' 17 Proposed Briefing Schedule for Motion to Dismiss Count II of the Amended Complaint, which the Court construes as both a proposed briefing schedule and a partial motion to stay. It is ORDERED that proceedings on Count One of the Amended Complaint are STAYED pending the Supreme Court's decision in Trump v. Slaughter, No. 25-332. The Court will, however, proceed with the defendants' forthcoming motion to dismiss Count Two. Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the defendants shall file their motion to dismiss on or before January 28, 2026; the plaintiff shall file his opposition on or before February 18, 2026; and the defendants shall file any reply on or before March 4, 2026. So Ordered by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on January 8, 2026. (lcdlf1)

18 Jan. 9, 2026

NOTICE of Appearance by Ross Snyder on behalf of ROBERT E. PRIMUS (Snyder, Ross) (Entered: 01/09/2026)

RECAP
19 Jan. 28, 2026

MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by PATRICK J. FUCHS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support)(Hulseberg, Jordan) (Entered: 01/28/2026)

1 Memorandum in Support

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RECAP
20 Feb. 18, 2026

RESPONSE re 19 MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss filed by ROBERT E. PRIMUS. (Carroll, Catherine) (Entered: 02/18/2026)

RECAP
21 March 4, 2026

REPLY to opposition to motion re 19 Motion to Dismiss filed by PATRICK J. FUCHS, SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD, DONALD J. TRUMP. (Hulseberg, Jordan) (Entered: 03/04/2026)

RECAP
June 29, 2026

Order on Motion to Dismiss

June 29, 2026

MINUTE ORDER. The plaintiff's 15 Amended Complaint challenges his removal from his position as a member of the Surface Transportation Board. Count I of the Amended Complaint alleges that the plaintiff's removal violated the Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act of 2015. Count II of the Amended Complaint alleges that his removal violated the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause.On January 7, 2026, the parties filed a 17 Joint Proposed Briefing Schedule, in which they asked the Court to stay proceedings as to Count I of the Amended Complaint while the Supreme Court considered Trump v. Slaughter, No. 25-332, but proceed with dispositive briefing as to Count II. On January 8, 2026, the Court construed the filing as both a proposed briefing schedule and a partial motion to stay and granted the motion. January 8, 2026 Minute Order. The defendants subsequently filed a 19 Motion to Dismiss Count II. That motion is now fully briefed.The Court cannot rule on the defendants' pending 19 Motion to Dismiss Count II without considering the Supreme Court's recent opinion in Trump v. Slaughter, issued after briefing was completed, and the parties' views regarding the impact of that decision on the plaintiff's claim under the Due Process Clause. At the same time, the issuance of Slaughter has ended this Court's stay of proceedings on Count I and will likely lead to another dispositive motion by the defendants. The Court concludes that considerations of judicial economy counsel against parallel supplemental briefing as to Count II and separate dispositive briefing as to Count I. Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the defendants' 19 Motion to Dismiss Count II is DENIED without prejudice. It is further ORDERED that the parties shall file, on or before July 2, 2026, a joint status report that proposes a schedule to govern dispositive briefing on both counts of the 15 Amended Complaint. So Ordered by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on June 29, 2026. (lcdlf1)

22 July 2, 2026

Joint STATUS REPORT by ROBERT E. PRIMUS. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Liao, Cynthia) (Entered: 07/02/2026)

1 Proposed Order

View on PACER

RECAP
July 3, 2026

.Order

July 3, 2026

MINUTE ORDER. Upon consideration of the parties' 22 Joint Status Report, it is ORDERED that the following schedule shall govern further proceedings: the defendants shall file a motion to dismiss of no more than 45 pages on or before July 29, 2026; the plaintiff shall file an opposition of no more than 45 pages on or before August 12, 2026; and the defendants shall file a reply of no more than 25 pages on or before August 26, 2026. So Ordered by Judge Dabney L. Friedrich on July 3, 2026. (lcdlf1)

Case Details

State / Territory:

District of Columbia

Case Type(s):

Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: Oct. 1, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Member of the Surface Transportation Board who was removed by President Trump.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

Democracy Forward

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Federal

Donald J. Trump in his official capacity as President of the United States

Patrick J. Fuchs in his official capacity as Chairman of the Surface Transportation Board

Surface Transportation Board

Case Details

Other Dockets:

District of District of Columbia 1:25-cv-03521

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority:

Appointment Authority

Recommended Citation