Case: Maria L. v. Noem

1:25-cv-13471 | U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts

Filed Date: Nov. 20, 2025

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case challenges the Department of Homeland Security’s revival and mass imposition of civil penalties—totaling up to $1.8 million per person—on noncitizens who allegedly failed to depart the United States. On November 20, 2025, two individuals—Maria L. and Nancy M.—and the Immigrant Legal Resource Center filed this class action in the District of Massachusetts challenging the Biden-rescinded but newly reinstated DHS civil-fine program under 8 U.S.C. §§ 1229c and 1324d. The complaint alleged…

This case challenges the Department of Homeland Security’s revival and mass imposition of civil penalties—totaling up to $1.8 million per person—on noncitizens who allegedly failed to depart the United States.

On November 20, 2025, two individuals—Maria L. and Nancy M.—and the Immigrant Legal Resource Center filed this class action in the District of Massachusetts challenging the Biden-rescinded but newly reinstated DHS civil-fine program under 8 U.S.C. §§ 1229c and 1324d. The complaint alleged that soon after President Trump’s second inauguration, DHS, ICE, CBP, DOJ, and EOIR began issuing thousands of civil penalties against noncitizens who had remained in the United States after a voluntary-departure deadline or removal order—without assessing whether their failure to depart was “willful” or “voluntary,” as the statutes require.

The plaintiffs alleged that, beginning in early 2025, ICE issued roughly 10,000 fines based on boilerplate allegations and without individualized evaluation, sometimes at the statutory maximum of $998 per day, resulting in debts of hundreds of thousands to $1.8 million per person. DHS concurrently announced plans to garnish wages, seize savings and assets, and refer debts to the Treasury for collection. The complaint asserted that plaintiffs had been charged despite actively pursuing lawful forms of relief, including humanitarian protection and family-based immigration benefits.

On June 27, 2025, DHS and DOJ issued an interim final rule (IFR)—without notice and comment—that replaced long-standing civil-penalty procedures with a new process designed to impose penalties “swiftly and at scale.” Plaintiffs contended that the IFR unlawfully restricted the time to respond, eliminated interviews, allowed service by regular mail despite known delivery failures, and assigned adjudication to any “immigration officer,” including personnel with no relevant training. They argued that the IFR reversed decades of practice, ignored reliance interests, and created an unreasonably high risk of erroneous deprivation of property.

Plaintiffs asserted seven causes of action, including: (1) violation of the Excessive Fines Clause due to financial penalties they characterized as grossly disproportionate; (2) violation of the Seventh Amendment, because civil penalties historically required jury adjudication; (3) violation of procedural due process under the Fifth Amendment; (4) failure to conduct APA notice-and-comment rulemaking; (5) issuance of an arbitrary and capricious rule; and (6–7) unlawfully imposing penalties without statutorily required individualized findings of willfulness or voluntariness. They sought class certification for all individuals fined since January 20, 2025 (and subclasses for § 1324d fines and post-IFR fines), vacatur of the IFR, vacatur of all penalties, declaratory and injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees.

The case remains ongoing.

Summary Authors

Jack Buckfire (12/15/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71938107/parties/maria-l-v-mullin/


Attorney for Plaintiff

Chen, Joy A. (Massachusetts)

Henley, Evan (Massachusetts)

L., Maria (Massachusetts)

M., Nancy (Massachusetts)

Moore, Charles Barrera (Massachusetts)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case
1

1:25-cv-13471

Class Action Complaint for Vacatur, Declaratory Relief, and Injunctive Relief

Nov. 20, 2025

Nov. 20, 2025

Complaint

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71938107/maria-l-v-mullin/

Last updated July 28, 2026, 4:59 p.m.

ECF Number Date Description Link
1 Nov. 20, 2025

COMPLAINT against All Defendants Filing fee: $ 405, receipt number AMADC-11369761 (Fee Status: Filing Fee paid), filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Category Form)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 11/20/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 Category Form

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Clearinghouse
Nov. 20, 2025

Notice of Case Assignment

2 Nov. 20, 2025

ELECTRONIC NOTICE of Case Assignment. Judge George A. OToole, Jr assigned to case. If the trial Judge issues an Order of Reference of any matter in this case to a Magistrate Judge, the matter will be transmitted to Magistrate Judge M. Page Kelley. (SEC) (Entered: 11/20/2025)

RECAP
3 Nov. 20, 2025

Summons Issued as to Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Counsel receiving this notice electronically should download this summons, complete one for each defendant and serve it in accordance with Fed.R.Civ.P. 4 and LR 4.1. Summons will be mailed to plaintiff(s) not receiving notice electronically for completion of service. (FGD) (Entered: 11/20/2025)

RECAP
4 Nov. 24, 2025

MOTION for Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonyms by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Moore, Charles) Modified on 11/24/2025: Memo in support, affidavit and proposed order have been removed and correctly refiled as a separate entry. Please see entry 5 . (FGD) (Entered: 11/24/2025)

RECAP
5 Nov. 24, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 4 MOTION for Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonyms filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit of Alina Das, # 2 Text of Proposed Order). (FGD) (Entered: 11/24/2025)

1 Affidavit of Alina Das

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2 Text of Proposed Order

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6 Nov. 24, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Joy A. Chen on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Chen, Joy) (Entered: 11/24/2025)

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7 Nov. 26, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Evan Henley on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Henley, Evan) (Entered: 11/26/2025)

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8 Dec. 2, 2025

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Hasan Shafiqullah, Mariam Elbakr, Shelby Leighton, Leila Nasrolahi, Alina Das, and David Bennion Filing fee: $ 750, receipt number AMADC-11391882 by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/02/2025)

RECAP
9 Dec. 2, 2025

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Richard Caldarone, Addison Thompson, Stephen Rees, and Ranganath Sudarshan Filing fee: $ 500, receipt number AMADC-11391903 by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/02/2025)

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10 Dec. 3, 2025

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 8 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Hasan Shafiqullah, Mariam Elbakr, Shelby Leighton, Leila Nasrolahi, Alina Das, and David Bennion. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (FGD) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

RECAP
11 Dec. 3, 2025

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 9 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Richard Caldarone, Addison Thompson, Stephen Rees, and Ranganath Sudarshan. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (FGD) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

RECAP
12 Dec. 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Shelby Hannah Leighton on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Leighton, Shelby) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

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13 Dec. 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Hasan Shafiqullah on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Shafiqullah, Hasan) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

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14 Dec. 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Ranganath Sudarshan on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Sudarshan, Ranganath) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

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15 Dec. 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Addison Baker Thompson, Jr on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Thompson, Addison) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

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16 Dec. 3, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Stephen Rees on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Rees, Stephen) (Entered: 12/03/2025)

RECAP
Dec. 3, 2025

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

17 Dec. 4, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Mariam Elbakr on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Elbakr, Mariam) (Entered: 12/04/2025)

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18 Dec. 5, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Leila Nicole Nasrolahi on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Nasrolahi, Leila) (Entered: 12/05/2025)

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19 Dec. 9, 2025

MOTION to Stay Agency Action by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/09/2025)

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20 Dec. 9, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Maria L, # 2 Declaration of Nancy M, # 3 Declaration of Ian Head, # 4 Declaration of Alison Kamhi, # 5 Proposed Order)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/09/2025)

1 Declaration of Maria L

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2 Declaration of Nancy M

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3 Declaration of Ian Head

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4 Declaration of Alison Kamhi

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5 Proposed Order

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21 Dec. 9, 2025

MOTION to Certify Class by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/09/2025)

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22 Dec. 9, 2025

MEMORANDUM in Support re 21 MOTION to Certify Class filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Maria L, # 2 Declaration of Nancy M, # 3 Declaration of Ian Head, # 4 Declaration of Charles Moore, # 5 Declaration of Hasan Shafiqullah, # 6 Declaration of Richard Caldarone, # 7 Declaration of Alina Das, # 8 Declaration of David Bennion, # 9 Declaration of Ranganath Sudarshan, # 10 Proposed Order)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/09/2025)

1 Declaration of Maria L

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2 Declaration of Nancy M

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3 Declaration of Ian Head

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4 Declaration of Charles Moore

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5 Declaration of Hasan Shafiqullah

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6 Declaration of Richard Caldarone

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7 Declaration of Alina Das

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8 Declaration of David Bennion

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9 Declaration of Ranganath Sudarshan

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10 Proposed Order

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RECAP
23 Dec. 9, 2025

MOTION for Leave to File Under Seal and Ex Parte by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/09/2025)

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25 Dec. 10, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by David C. Bennion on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Bennion, David) (Entered: 12/10/2025)

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26 Dec. 11, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Richard Caldarone on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Caldarone, Richard) (Entered: 12/11/2025)

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27 Dec. 11, 2025

Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 21 MOTION to Certify Class, 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action, PARTIES JOINT MOTION FOR BRIEFING SCHEDULE by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/11/2025)

RECAP
28 Dec. 16, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Alexander Severance on behalf of Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 12/16/2025)

RECAP
29 Dec. 22, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Alina Das on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Das, Alina) (Entered: 12/22/2025)

RECAP
30 Dec. 26, 2025

MOTION for Protective Order by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Protective Order)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 12/26/2025)

1 Proposed Protective Order

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RECAP
31 Dec. 29, 2025

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 27 Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 21 MOTION to Certify Class, 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action, PARTIES JOINT MOTION FOR BRIEFING SCHEDULE. Responses due by 1/6/2026; Replies due by 1/16/2026;Reply briefs in further support of the motions, each not to exceed ten pages. (FGD) (Entered: 12/29/2025)

RECAP
Dec. 29, 2025

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply

32 Jan. 6, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Opposition re 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action filed by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 01/06/2026)

RECAP
33 Jan. 6, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Opposition re 21 MOTION to Certify Class filed by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 01/06/2026)

RECAP
34 Jan. 7, 2026

Emergency MOTION for a Temporary Restraining Order and Stay of Detention and Removal by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles). Modified on 1/8/2026: Updated docketing event and docket text. (FGD) (Main Document 34 replaced on 1/8/2026, with corrected PDF.) (FGD) (Entered: 01/07/2026)

RECAP
35 Jan. 7, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Support re 34 Emergency MOTION for a Temporary Restraining Order and Stay of Detention and Removal filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration in Support of Motion to Stay and Temporary Restraining Order, # 2 Proposed Order)(Moore, Charles) (Main Document 35, 35-1 and 35-2 replaced on 1/8/2026, with correct title PDFs). (FGD) (Additional attachment(s) added on 1/8/2026: # 3 SEALED Ex Parte Unredacted Declaration) (FGD). (Entered: 01/07/2026)

1 Declaration in Support of Motion to Stay and Temporary Restraining Order

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2 Proposed Order

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36 Jan. 7, 2026

MOTION to Seal Declaration in Support of Motion to Stay and Temporary Restraining Order by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Main Document 36 replaced on 1/8/2026, with correct title PDF) (FGD). (Entered: 01/07/2026)

RECAP
37 Jan. 8, 2026

Judge Myong J. Joun: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered. Plaintiffs have filed an Emergency Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order to Stay Detention and Deportation of Plaintiffs Maria L. and Nancy M. Doc. No. 34 . Given the urgent nature of the motion, Defendants are directed to respond to the motion by 3:00 p.m. on 1/9/26. Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to File Under Seal and ExParte, Doc. No. 36, is GRANTED. Counsel will receive an email within twenty-four (24) hours of this order with instructions for submitting sealed documents for which leave has been granted in accordance with the Local Rules of the U.S. District Court of Massachusetts. Counsel must include - Leave to file granted on (date of order)- in the caption of the document. (SKY) (Entered: 01/08/2026)

RECAP
38 Jan. 8, 2026

RESPONSE to Motion re 30 MOTION for Protective Order filed by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 01/08/2026)

RECAP
Jan. 8, 2026

Order on Motion to Seal

39 Jan. 9, 2026

Opposition re 34 MOTION to Stay Detention and Removal MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order filed by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 01/09/2026)

RECAP
40 Jan. 9, 2026

Judge Myong J. Joun: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered re 30 Motion for Protective Order. Until such time that Judge O'Toole is able to review and resolve Plaintiffs' Emergency Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Stay of Detention and Removal, Doc. No. 34, Defendants shall not detain or remove Plaintiffs Maria L. and Nancy M. In order to ensure that Defendants are able to comply with this Order, Plaintiff's motion for a protective order, Doc. No. 30, is GRANTED, and subject to that protective order, Plaintiffs shall provide to Defendants the true names and other identifying information of Plaintiffs Maria L. and Nancy M. (SKY) (Entered: 01/09/2026)

RECAP
41 Jan. 9, 2026

MOTION for Leave to File Reply In Support Of Motion to Stay Detention and Removal by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Reply in Support of Motion to Stay Removal)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 01/09/2026)

1 Exhibit Reply in Support of Motion to Stay Removal

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RECAP
Jan. 9, 2026

Order on Motion for Protective Order

42 Jan. 12, 2026

NOTICE of Appearance by Matthew James O'Brien on behalf of Federation for American Immigration Reform (O'Brien, Matthew)

RECAP
43 Jan. 12, 2026

Assented to MOTION for Leave to File an amicus brief in support of Defendants by Federation for American Immigration Reform. (Attachments: (1) Amicus Brief, (2) Proposed Order)(O'Brien, Matthew)

1 Amicus Brief

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2 Proposed Order

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RECAP
44 Jan. 14, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING [41] MOTION for Leave to File Reply In Support Of Motion to Stay Detention and Removal.

RECAP
45 Jan. 14, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered.

RECAP
46 Jan. 14, 2026

REPLY to Response to 34 MOTION to Stay Detention and Removal MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order Leave to File Granted on January 14, 2026 filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 01/14/2026)

RECAP
Jan. 14, 2026

Order on Motion for Leave to File Document

47 Jan. 15, 2026

NOTICE of Appearance by Alexandra Lee Yeatts on behalf of Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) (Yeatts, Alexandra) (Entered: 01/15/2026)

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48 Jan. 16, 2026

REPLY to Response to 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 01/16/2026)

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49 Jan. 16, 2026

REPLY to Response to 21 MOTION to Certify Class filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 01/16/2026)

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50 Jan. 22, 2026

MOTION for Extension of Time to 30 days from the ruling on ECF No. 19 to File Response/Reply as to 1 Complaint, by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Federation for American Immigration Reform, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).(Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 01/22/2026)

RECAP
51 Jan. 28, 2026

MOTION to Seal Supplemental Notice in Support of Plaintiffs' Emergency Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Stay of Detention and Deportation of Plaintiffs Maria L. and Nancy M. Pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 705 and the All Writs Act by Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 01/28/2026)

RECAP
52 Jan. 30, 2026

Opposition re 50 MOTION for Extension of Time to 30 days from the ruling on ECF No. 19 to File Response/Reply as to 1 Complaint, filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Declaration of Stephen M. Rees)(Rees, Stephen) (Entered: 01/30/2026)

1 Exhibit A

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2 Exhibit B

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3 Exhibit C

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4 Declaration of Stephen M. Rees

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53 Jan. 30, 2026

AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE Executed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Nancy M., Maria L.. Executive Office of Immigration Review served on 11/26/2025, answer due 12/17/2025; Todd Lyons served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; Daren Margolin served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; Kristi Noem served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; Rodney Scott served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; U.S Department of Homeland Security served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; U.S. Customs and Border Protection served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) served on 12/1/2025, answer due 12/22/2025. Acknowledgement filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center; Nancy M.; Maria L.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C)(Rees, Stephen) (Entered: 01/30/2026)

1 Exhibit A

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2 Exhibit B

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3 Exhibit C

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54 Feb. 4, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 51 Motion to Seal. Counsel will receive an email within twenty-four (24) hours of this order with instructions for submitting sealed documents for which leave has been granted in accordance with the Local Rules of the U.S. District Court of Massachusetts. Counsel must include - Leave to file granted on (date of order)- in the caption of the document. (FGD) (Entered: 02/04/2026)

RECAP
55 Feb. 4, 2026

SEALED Supplemental Notice in Support of Plaintiffs' Emergency Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Stay of Detention and Deportation of Plaintiffs Maria L. and Nancy M. Pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 705 and the All Writs Act. (FGD) (Entered: 02/04/2026)

RECAP
Feb. 4, 2026

Order on Motion to Seal

56 March 2, 2026

ELECTRONIC NOTICE Setting Hearing on Motion 34 MOTION to Stay Detention and Removal MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order, 21 MOTION to Certify Class, 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action : Motion Hearing set for 4/29/2026 02:30 PM in Courtroom 22 (In person only) before Judge George A. O'Toole Jr.. (JMF) (Entered: 03/02/2026)

RECAP
March 2, 2026

Notice Setting or Resetting Hearing on Motion

57 March 4, 2026

MOTION to Continue Hearing by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Federation for American Immigration Reform, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).(Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 03/04/2026)

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58 March 10, 2026

Notice of Supplemental Authorities re 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 03/10/2026)

1 Exhibit A

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59 April 2, 2026

MOTION re 56 Notice of Hearing on Motion, for Public Access Line by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 04/02/2026)

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60 April 8, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 57 MOTION to Continue Hearing. (FGD) (Entered: 04/08/2026)

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61 April 8, 2026

ELECTRONIC NOTICE Resetting Hearing on Motion: 34 MOTION to Stay Detention and Removal MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order, 21 MOTION to Certify Class, 19 MOTION to Stay Agency Action : Motion Hearing reset for 5/13/2026 at 02:00 PM in Courtroom 22 (In person only) before Judge George A. OToole Jr. (FGD) (Entered: 04/08/2026)

RECAP
April 8, 2026

Notice Setting or Resetting Hearing on Motion

April 8, 2026

Order on Motion to Continue

62 April 14, 2026

MOTION for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice for admission of Kristy Blumeyer-Martinez Filing fee: $ 125, receipt number AMADC-11677216 by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 04/14/2026)

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63 April 14, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 62 Motion for Leave to Appear Pro Hac Vice Added Kristy Blumeyer-Martinez. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice must have an individual PACER account, not a shared firm account, to electronically file in the District of Massachusetts. To register for a PACER account, go the Pacer website at https://pacer.uscourts.gov/register-account. You must put the docket number under ADDITIONAL FILER INFORMATION on your form when registering or it will be rejected.Pro Hac Vice Admission Request Instructions https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/nextgen-pro-hac-vice.htm.A Notice of Appearance must be entered on the docket by the newly admitted attorney. (FGD) (Entered: 04/14/2026)

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April 14, 2026

Order on Motion for Leave to Appear

64 April 22, 2026

NOTICE of Appearance by Kristy Lynn Blumeyer-Martinez on behalf of Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M. (Blumeyer-Martinez, Kristy) (Entered: 04/22/2026)

RECAP
65 April 27, 2026

ELECTRONIC NOTICE of Hearing. Case Planning Conference set for 5/13/2026 02:00 PM in Courtroom 22 (In person only) before Judge George A. OToole Jr. (NOTE: Motion Hearing previously set is now converted to the Case Planning Conference) (TRM) (Entered: 04/27/2026)

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66 April 27, 2026

MOTION to Compel Production of Administrative Record by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 04/27/2026)

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67 April 27, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Support re 66 MOTION to Compel Production of Administrative Record filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration in Support of Motion to Compel)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 04/27/2026)

1 Declaration in Support of Motion to Compel

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RECAP
April 27, 2026

Notice of Hearing

68 May 1, 2026

MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Caldarone, Richard) (Entered: 05/01/2026)

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69 May 11, 2026

Opposition re 66 MOTION to Compel Production of Administrative Record filed by Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Federation for American Immigration Reform, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Kristi L. Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 05/11/2026)

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70 May 12, 2026

MOTION for Leave to File Reply Memorandum of Law by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Reply Memorandum of Law in Further Support of Motion to Compel Expedited Production of the Administrative Record)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 05/12/2026)

1 Exhibit Reply Memorandum of Law in Further Support of Motion to Compel Expedited

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71 May 13, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 70 MOTION for Leave to File Reply Memorandum of Law. Counsel using the Electronic Case Filing System should now file the document for which leave to file has been granted in accordance with the CM/ECF Administrative Procedures. Counsel must include - Leave to file granted on (date of order)- in the caption of the document. (FGD) (Entered: 05/13/2026)

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72 May 13, 2026

Judge George A. OToole, Jr: ELECTRONIC ORDER entered GRANTING 68 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney. Attorney Richard Caldarone terminated. (FGD) (Entered: 05/13/2026)

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73 May 13, 2026

REPLY to Response to 66 MOTION to Compel Production of Administrative Record Leave to file granted on May 13, 2026 filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 05/13/2026)

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May 13, 2026

Order on Motion to Withdraw as Attorney

May 13, 2026

Order on Motion for Leave to File Document

74 May 14, 2026

Electronic Clerk's Notes for proceedings held before Judge George A. OToole, Jr: Case Management Conference held on 5/14/2026. Markwayne Mullin, Secretary of DHS, to replace Kristi Noem, and Todd Blanche, Acting Attorney General, to replace Pamela Bondi as parties pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Court grants 4 Motion for Leave to Proceed by Pseudonym and 23 Motion for Leave to File under Seal to the extent there are outstanding requests following Judge Joun's earlier entry of the protective order in this case. The Court further grants the defendants 50 Motion for Extension of Time. The Court denies 59 Motion for Public Access Line. A further hearing to be scheduled in July. (Court Reporter: Lee Marzilli at leemarz47@gmail.com.)(Attorneys present: Moore, Henley, Shafiqullah, Severance, Yeatts) (TRM) Modified on 5/14/2026 (TRM). (Entered: 05/14/2026)

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May 14, 2026

Case Management Conference

75 May 21, 2026

ELECTRONIC NOTICE issued requesting courtesy copies for all submissions relating to the pending motions. The courtesy copies shall be submitted on or before May 29, 2026. The parties should confer and submit one set of courtesy copies. Each motion should be organized in binder(s). The binder should include all documents associated with each motion, including all memoranda, affidavits/declarations, and exhibits in support of and in opposition to the motion. Documents, including exhibits, should be separated by tabs, be clearly marked with the stamp "Courtesy Copy," and reflect the document number assigned by CM/ECF. Where materials have been docketed in redacted form and under seal, the parties shall include only the sealed, unredacted documents. If the parties have questions about the document number assigned by CM/ECF to sealed materials, they may contact the Docket Clerk for assistance with identifying the appropriate document numbers. (FGD) (Entered: 05/21/2026)

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May 21, 2026

Notice requesting courtesy copy

76 June 5, 2026

Joint MOTION for Hearing on July 1st, 2nd, 6th, 7th, 20th, or 22nd through 31st, 2026 by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M..(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 06/05/2026)

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77 June 5, 2026

MOTION to Modify Protective Order by Todd Blanche, Pamela Bondi, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Federation for American Immigration Reform, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Markwayne Mullin, Kristi L. Noem, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). (Attachments: # 1 Redlined Protective Order)(Severance, Alexander) (Entered: 06/05/2026)

1 Redlined Protective Order

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78 June 8, 2026

NOTICE of Appearance by Lindsey Gilman on behalf of Todd Blanche, Executive Office of Immigration Review, Todd Lyons, Daren Margolin, Markwayne Mullin, Rodney Scott, U.S Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) (Gilman, Lindsey) (Entered: 06/08/2026)

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79 June 9, 2026

Transcript of Case Management Conference held on May 13, 2026, before Judge George A. OToole. The Transcript may be purchased through the Court Reporter, viewed at the public terminal, or viewed through PACER after it is released. Court Reporter Name and Contact Information: Lee Marzilli at leemarz47@gmail.com. Redaction Request due 6/30/2026. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 7/10/2026. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 9/8/2026. (DRK) (Entered: 06/09/2026)

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80 June 9, 2026

NOTICE is hereby given that an official transcript of a proceeding has been filed by the court reporter in the above-captioned matter. Counsel are referred to the Court's Transcript Redaction Policy, available on the court website at https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/caseinfo/transcripts.htm (DRK) (Entered: 06/09/2026)

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June 9, 2026

Notice of Filing of Official Transcript

81 June 16, 2026

MOTION for Leave to File Supplement to the Record in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion to Stay Agency Action by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - AT Decl., # 2 Exhibit B - MRV Decl., # 3 Exhibit C - FG Decl., # 4 Exhibit D - AS Decl., # 5 Exhibit E - PD Decl., # 6 Exhibit F - OI Decl., # 7 Exhibit G - AP Decl., # 8 Exhibit H - Amaya Decl., # 9 Exhibit I - Laura Ruiz Decl., # 10 Exhibit J - Bergquist Decl., # 11 Exhibit K - Singh Decl., # 12 Exhibit L - Moore Decl.)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 06/16/2026)

1 Exhibit A - AT Decl.

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2 Exhibit B - MRV Decl.

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3 Exhibit C - FG Decl.

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4 Exhibit D - AS Decl.

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5 Exhibit E - PD Decl.

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6 Exhibit F - OI Decl.

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7 Exhibit G - AP Decl.

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8 Exhibit H - Amaya Decl.

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9 Exhibit I - Laura Ruiz Decl.

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10 Exhibit J - Bergquist Decl.

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11 Exhibit K - Singh Decl.

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12 Exhibit L - Moore Decl.

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82 June 16, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Support re 81 MOTION for Leave to File Supplement to the Record in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion to Stay Agency Action filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 06/16/2026)

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83 June 16, 2026

MOTION for Leave to File Non-Plaintiff Declarations Using Initials and for Protective Order by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order)(Moore, Charles) (Entered: 06/16/2026)

1 Exhibit A - Proposed Protective Order

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84 June 16, 2026

MEMORANDUM in Support re 83 MOTION for Leave to File Non-Plaintiff Declarations Using Initials and for Protective Order filed by Immigrant Legal Resource Center, Maria L., Nancy M.. (Moore, Charles) (Entered: 06/16/2026)

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Case Details

State / Territory:

Massachusetts

Case Type(s):

Immigration and/or the Border

National Security

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: Nov. 20, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Two noncitizens facing massive civil fines for allegedly failing to depart the United States, along with the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a nonprofit organization providing legal support and advocacy for immigrant communities.

Attorney Organizations:

Legal Services/Legal Aid

NYU Clinical Law Center

Public Justice

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Pending

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2201

Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process: Procedural Due Process

Excessive Bail/Fines

Seventh Amendment (civil jury)

Other Dockets:

District of Massachusetts 1:25-cv-13471

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Sought:

Attorneys fees

Declaratory judgment

Injunction

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

General/Misc.:

Fines/Fees/Bail/Bond

Discrimination Basis:

Immigration status

Affected Race(s):

Race, unspecified

Recommended Citation