Case: United States v. Borough of Kingston

3:26-cv-00269 | U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

Filed Date: Feb. 4, 2026

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This case, brought by the United States Government, claims that a borough's zoning ordinance treats religious institutions on less than equal terms with nonreligious institutions, limiting religious assemblies within the area.  The federal government brought this suit against the Borough of Kingston in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania on February 4, 2026. The case was assigned to District Judge Karoline Mehalchick. The government sought declaratory and in…

This case, brought by the United States Government, claims that a borough's zoning ordinance treats religious institutions on less than equal terms with nonreligious institutions, limiting religious assemblies within the area. 

The federal government brought this suit against the Borough of Kingston in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania on February 4, 2026. The case was assigned to District Judge Karoline Mehalchick. The government sought declaratory and injunctive relief under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, which prohibits a land use regulation from treating a religious institution on less than equal terms than a nonreligious institution. 

Kingston is home to a growing Chabad Orthodox Jewish Community; because Jewish religious law prohibits the use of vehicles on major Jewish holidays, a Chabad place of worship must be within walking distance of congregants' homes. In 2023, Kingston replaced its zoning ordinance with a new ordinance ("2023 Ordinance"). However, the 2023 Ordinance prevents the placement of places of worship in residential districts, unless a special exception is granted by the local zoning board. The government also alleges that the 2023 Ordinance places more onerous requirements on places of worship, as places of worship under the Ordinance must meet additional landscaping and parking requirements and be placed on a lot area of one acre or more.

On February 6, 2026, Judge Mehalchick approved a consent order, resolving this case. The agreed-upon terms included amendments to the 2023 Ordinance that allowed places of worship in all residential districts and removed the acreage, landscaping, and parking requirements for places of worship. In addition, the consent order created a complaint procedure for individuals for who believe Kingston violated the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. The consent order will continue until February 6, 2030, and allows the government to seek additional remedies if Kingston fails to perform.

This case is ongoing, as the consent order is still in effect.

Summary Authors

Jinan Abufarha (2/7/2026)

Allison Opheim (4/17/2026)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/72230226/parties/united-states-v-borough-of-kingston/


Judge(s)

Mehalchick, Karoline (Pennsylvania)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Butler, Michael (Pennsylvania)

Legomsky, Katie (Pennsylvania)

Sacks, Noah D. (Pennsylvania)

Attorney for Defendant

Rhoads, Stephen Gage (Pennsylvania)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

3:26-cv-00269

Complaint

Feb. 4, 2026

Feb. 4, 2026

Complaint
4

3:26-cv-00269

Consent Order

United States of Americav. Borough of Kingston

Feb. 6, 2026

Feb. 6, 2026

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/72230226/united-states-v-borough-of-kingston/

Last updated April 20, 2026, 3:15 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against Borough of Kingston, filed by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(klr) (Entered: 02/04/2026)

Feb. 4, 2026

Feb. 4, 2026

Clearinghouse
2

Consent MOTION to Approve Consent Judgment by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Stipulated Order Consent Order, # 2 Certificate of Concurrence Certificate of Concurrence of Counsel)(Butler, Michael) (Entered: 02/04/2026)

Feb. 4, 2026

Feb. 4, 2026

3

Summons Issued as to Borough of Kingston and provided TO ATTORNEY ELECTRONICALLY VIA ECF for service on Defendant(s)in the manner prescribed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (NOTICE TO ATTORNEYS RECEIVING THE SUMMONS ELECTRONICALLY: You must print the summons and the attachment when you receive it in your e-mail and serve the complaint on all defendants in the manner prescribed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). (Attachments: # 1 Summons Packet) (klr) (Entered: 02/05/2026)

Feb. 5, 2026

Feb. 5, 2026

4

ORDER granting 2 Motion to Approve Consent Judgment. SEE ORDER FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. Signed by Honorable Karoline Mehalchick on 2/6/2026 (cw) (Entered: 02/06/2026)

Feb. 6, 2026

Feb. 6, 2026

Clearinghouse
5

NOTICE of Appearance by Stephen Gage Rhoads on behalf of Borough of Kingston (Rhoads, Stephen) (Entered: 02/06/2026)

Feb. 6, 2026

Feb. 6, 2026

Case Details

State / Territory:

Pennsylvania

Case Type(s):

Speech and Religious Freedom

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations By the Government

Key Dates

Filing Date: Feb. 4, 2026

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

United States

Public Interest Lawyer: No

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Religious Freedom Rest. Act/Religious Land Use and Inst. Persons Act (RFRA/RLUIPA)

Other Dockets:

Middle District of Pennsylvania 3:26-cv-00269

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Sought:

Declaratory judgment

Injunction

Relief Granted:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Court Approved Settlement or Consent Decree

Issues

Discrimination Area:

Zoning

Recommended Citation