Case: Wikimedia Foundation v. National Security Agency

1:15-cv-00662 | U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland

Filed Date: March 10, 2015

Closed Date: Feb. 21, 2023

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Case Summary

On March 10, 2015, a collective of organizations interested in privacy, led by the Wikimedia Foundation, filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for District of Maryland. The plaintiffs sued the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Department of Justice under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 701 et seq. The plaintiffs, represented by attorneys from the ACLU and private counsel, asked the court to declare “Upstream Surveillance” by the government to be unconstitutional, and to purge all records on the plaintiffs obtained through this practice. Specifically, the plaintiffs claimed that the NSA’s surveillance programs, including “PRISM,” implement the unconstitutional method of upstream surveillance. They claimed that these programs made copies of nearly all digital communications, and that the government made no effort to limit the scope of this surveillance. The plaintiffs alleged these practices violated their First and Fourth Amendment rights.

After the passage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act (FAA) in 2008, the NSA was granted authority to conduct warrantless surveillance of all US persons’ international communications. The act included no requirement for justifying the surveillance or for attempting to limit those affected by the surveillance. In 2011 under the FAA, the NSA began its upstream surveillance program, which, the complaint, alleges “involves the surveillance of essentially everyone’s communications." The plaintiffs claim this NSA surveillance program hindered their work, along with violating their constitutional rights.

On October 23rd, 2015, Judge T.S. Ellis granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss because the complaint did not allege a harm directly attributable to the government’s upstream surveillance, so the suit did not have proper standing. 143 F.Supp.3d 344. Underlying this ruling was the relative speculativeness of each plaintiff's claim. Wikimedia asserted that it conducted over a trillion internet communications every year with people in virtually every country on the planet. There were a very limited number of pathways in which an internet communication could exit the United States, and the NSA's upstream monitoring program monitored at least one of these pathways in order to obtain and review communications. The gist of Wikimedia's complaint was that, due to the sheer volume of their communications, and due to the limited number of places in which the government could monitor communications, there was no way that the government had not obtained and reviewed Wikimedia's communications with persons abroad. The government in response had countered that Wikimedia was speculating as to the breadth of the U.S. Upstream monitoring program. However, the court ruled that Wikimedia's assertion was sufficiently plausible at least as to the Motion to Dismiss phase of trial.

The plaintiffs appealed to the Fourth Circuit. Oral argument occurred on December 8th, 2016 and on May 23, 2017, the Fourth Circuit vacated and remanded the lower court's decision as to Wikimedia, the first and largest plaintiff, ruling that it had standing to pursue the injunction. 857 F.3d 193. However, the court affirmed as to all other plaintiffs in the suit and upheld the lower court's judgment, finding that their claims did not rise to the same level of certainty as Wikimedia's. Instead of claiming that it was virtually impossible for the government to use Upstream monitoring and avoid reviewing their internet communications, the other plaintiffs claimed that the government was “intercepting, copying, and reviewing substantially all" text-based communications entering and leaving the United States.

In a dissent, Judge Davis agreed with the court's ruling that Wikimedia had standing to continue the case, but would have held that the other plaintiffs had made plausible allegations and should have had standing as well.

Back in the district court, on September 25, 2017, the Court granted a five-month period for jurisdictional discovery. On March 12, 2018, the parties jointly moved for a continuance of the discovery deadline in order to submit a new proposed schedule for the completion of jurisdictional discovery. The Court denied this motion on March 15, 2018, but granted one additional month of discovery beginning March 17, 2018.

For the next six months, the parties engaged in discovery. The main issue during this time was the plaintiff’s motion to compel discovery responses and deposition testimony, submitted on March 26. The motion to compel was in response to the defendants’ objections to the plaintiff’s 84 discovery requests. The defendants asserted common law state privilege and national security purposes under 50 U.S.C. § 3024(i)(l) as the basis to refuse the discovery requests. The plaintiffs contended that where a party moves to discover material relating to electronic surveillance, the court must follow the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act’s (FISA) procedures and conduct an ex parte and in camera review of materials relating to electronic surveillance.

The defendants responded that FISA did not apply, as the plaintiff had not established themselves as the target of electronic surveillance. The plaintiff’s motion to compel discovery responses and deposition testimony were denied on August 20, 2018, in favor of the defendants. The court decided that the defendants had satisfied procedural requirements to invoke state secrets privilege and that the information sought to be protected fell under the state secrets doctrine. The court also agreed that the plaintiff had not yet established that they were the subject of electronic surveillance. Therefore, FISA did not apply and jurisdictional discovery was limited to information not protected by state secrets privilege. 335 F.Supp.3d 772.

The defendants moved for summary judgment on November 13, 2018, alleging that the plaintiff lacked standing to contest the legality of the NSA’s upstream surveillance program. The defendants also stated there was no issue of material fact, and that the state secrets privilege precluded further litigation. The same day, the defendants also requested to seal their motion on an interim basis, which was granted on December 11.

The plaintiffs submitted a response in opposition to the defendants’ summary judgment motion on December 18, 2018, claiming that it had presented sufficient evidence and that it has third-party standing. In the next months, the parties continued to submit arguments regarding the summary judgment.

The defendants then submitted a motion to stay proceedings due to a funding issues on December 26, 2018, which was granted on January 2, 2019. After the issue was resolved, the defendants filed a restoration of appropriations on January 28, 2019.

On December 16, 2019, the defendants' motion for summary judgment was granted, holding that Wikimedia did not have the standing to proceed with its claims as it had not presented sufficient evidence that the NSA was monitoring Wikimedia communications. The court additionally stated that even if Wikimedia were able to demonstrate such monitoring, the state secrets privilege would require dismissal. 427 F.Supp.3d 582.

The plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal on February 14, 2020. On September 15, 2021, the Fourth Circuit issued its opinion affirming the district court’s judgment dismissing the case. 14 F.4th 276. The court determined that even though Wikimedia established a genuine issue of material fact as to standing based on its allegations of Upstream surveillance, the state secret privilege prevented further litigation on that issue. The court also determined that Wikimedia’s other alleged injuries did not support standing.

On October 29, 2021, Wikimedia filed a petition for rehearing en banc. The court then placed the case in abeyance pending the Supreme Court’s decision in Federal Bureau of Investigation v. Fazaga. 594 U.S. 344. The Supreme Court decided that case on March 4, 2022, and it held that Section 1804(f) of FISA did not displace the state secret privilege. The Fourth Circuit subsequently denied plaintiff’s petition for rehearing en banc.

On August, 8, 2022, Wikimedia filed a petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court. The Court denied that petition on February 21, 2023. 143 S.Ct. 774. This case is closed.

	Document
1:15-cv-00662	Docket [PACER]	May 12, 2020	May 12, 2020 Docket
1 1:15-cv-00662	Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 Complaint
70-1 1:15-cv-00662	First Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief	June 19, 2015	June 19, 2015 Complaint
77-1 1:15-cv-00662	Memorandum in Support of Defendants' Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint Wikimedia v. NSA	Aug. 6, 2015	Aug. 6, 2015 Pleading / Motion / Brief
93 1:15-cv-00662	Memorandum Opinion	Oct. 23, 2015	Oct. 23, 2015 Order/Opinion 143 F.Supp.3d 344
101 1:15-cv-00662 15-02560	Judgment [Appellate] U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit	May 23, 2017	May 23, 2017 Order/Opinion 857 F.3d 193
150, 151 1:15-cv-00662	Memorandum Opinion	Aug. 20, 2018	Aug. 20, 2018 Order/Opinion 335 F.Supp.3d 772
161 (incl. 161-1 through 161-8) 1:15-cv-00662	Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment	Nov. 13, 2018	Nov. 13, 2018 Pleading / Motion / Brief
188, 189 1:15-cv-00662	Memorandum Opinon	Dec. 16, 2019	Dec. 16, 2019 Order/Opinion 427 F.Supp.3d 582
68 20-01191	Appeal U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit	Sept. 15, 2021	Sept. 15, 2021 Pleading / Motion / Brief 14 F.4th 276

Title	Description		External URL Date / External URL
Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA Wikimedia Foundation	On March 10, 2015, the Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit organization that supports Wikipedia and its sister projects, filed suit against the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and the De…	May 30, 2019	May 30, 2019 https://policy.wikimedia.org/...
Wikimedia v. NSA - Challenge to Upstream Surveillance under the FISA Amendments Act American Civil Liberties Union	In March 2015, the ACLU filed a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the NSA’s mass interception and searching of Americans’ international Internet communications. At issue is the NSA’s “Upst…	Sept. 6, 2018	Sept. 6, 2018 https://www.aclu.org/...

ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
1	COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against All Defendants ( Filing fee $ 400 receipt number 0416-5260730.), filed by The Nation Magazine, Human Rights Watch, The Rutherford Institute, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Washington Office on Latin America, Pen American Center, Wikimedia Foundation, Global Fund for Women, Amnesty International USA. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Summonses)(Jeon, Deborah) (Entered: 03/10/2015) 1 Civil Cover Sheet View on PACER 2 Summonses View on RECAP	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 Clearinghouse
2	NOTICE by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation Summons to U.S. Attorney (Jeon, Deborah) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
3	Summons Issued 60 days as to James R. Clapper, Department of Justice, Eric H. Holder, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Michael S. Rogers, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (bmhs, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
4	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Alex Abdo ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5262165.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
5	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Ashley Gorski ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5262203.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
6	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Jameel Jaffer ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5262236.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
7	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Patrick Toomey ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5262246.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
8	QC NOTICE: 4 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice, filed by Wikimedia Foundation, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, Washington Office on Latin America, The Rutherford Institute, Amnesty International USA needs to be modified. See attachment for details and corrective actions needed regarding the signature(s) on the motion. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 RECAP
9	QC NOTICE: 5 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice, filed by Wikimedia Foundation, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, Washington Office on Latin America, The Rutherford Institute, Amnesty International USA needs to be modified. See attachment for details and corrective actions needed regarding the signature(s) on the motion. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 PACER
10	QC NOTICE: 6 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice, filed by Wikimedia Foundation, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, Washington Office on Latin America, The Rutherford Institute, Amnesty International USA needs to be modified. See attachment for details and corrective actions needed regarding the signature(s) on the motion. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 PACER
11	QC NOTICE: 7 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice, filed by Wikimedia Foundation, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, Washington Office on Latin America, The Rutherford Institute, Amnesty International USA needs to be modified. See attachment for details and corrective actions needed regarding the signature(s) on the motion. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/10/2015)	March 10, 2015	March 10, 2015 PACER
12	CORRECTED MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Alex Abdo by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page). The fee has already been paid.(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on RECAP	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
13	CORRECTED MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Ashley Gorski by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page). The fee has already been paid.(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
14	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 12 Corrected Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of Alex Abdo. Directing attorney Alex Abdo to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
15	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 13 Corrected Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of Ashley Gorski. Directing attorney Ashley Gorski to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
16	CORRECTED MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Jameel Jaffer by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page). The fee has already been paid.(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
17	CORRECTED MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Patrick Toomey by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page). The fee has already been paid.(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
18	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for Charles Sims ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5265356.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page)(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
19	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for David Munkittrick ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5265372.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page)(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
20	MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice for John Browning ( Filing fee $ 50, receipt number 0416-5265384.) by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation (Attachments: # 1 Signature page)(Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015) 1 Signature page View on PACER	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
21	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 16 Corrected Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of Jameel Jaffer. Directing attorney Jameel Jaffer to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
22	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 17 Corrected Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of Patrick Toomey. Directing attorney Patrick Toomey to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
23	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 18 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of Charles Sims. Directing attorney Charles Sims to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
24	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 19 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of David Munkittrick. Directing attorney David Munkittrick to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
25	PAPERLESS ORDER granting 20 Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice on behalf of John Browning. Directing attorney John Browning to register online for CM/ECF at https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/attyregB/inputProHac.asp. Signed by Clerk on 3/11/2015. (bu, Deputy Clerk) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
26	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Amnesty International USA. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 RECAP
27	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Global Fund for Women. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
28	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Human Rights Watch. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
29	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys identifying Other Affiliate Foundation for Criminal Justice for National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys.. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 RECAP
30	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Pen American Center. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
31	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by The Rutherford Institute. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
32	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by The Nation Magazine. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 RECAP
33	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Wikimedia Foundation. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 RECAP
34	Local Rule 103.3 Disclosure Statement by Washington Office on Latin America. (Rocah, David) (Entered: 03/11/2015)	March 11, 2015	March 11, 2015 PACER
35	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on United States Attorney for the District of Maryland on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER
36	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on Office of the Director of National Intelligence on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER
37	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on National Security Agency / Central Security Service on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER
38	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on Department of Justice on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER
39	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on Adm. Michael S. Rogers on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER
40	(FILED IN ERROR) AFFIDAVIT of Service for Summons served on Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper on 3/10/2015, filed by Amnesty International USA, Global Fund for Women, Human Rights Watch, National Association of Criminal Defense Attorneys, Pen American Center, The Nation Magazine, The Rutherford Institute, Washington Office on Latin America, Wikimedia Foundation. (Toomey, Patrick) Modified on 3/17/2015 (bmhs, Deputy Clerk). (Entered: 03/17/2015)	March 17, 2015	March 17, 2015 PACER

Case: Wikimedia Foundation v. National Security Agency

1:15-cv-00662 | U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland

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