Filed Date: Jan. 28, 2017
Closed Date: March 20, 2017
Clearinghouse coding complete
On January 28, 2017, two lawful permanent residents (LPRs) of the U.S. who were detained at Boston Logan Airport (Logan) as they were trying to return home to Massachusetts filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in Boston). Represented by the ACLU of Massachusetts and private counsel, the plaintiffs sued the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the Secretary of DHS, the Commissioner of CBP, the Director of the New York Field Office of CBP, and President Trump, in his official capacity. The case was originally assigned to District Judge Burroughs on an emergency basis. On Monday, January 30, 2017, the case was permanently assigned to District Judge Nathaniel Gorton.
The plaintiffs claimed that, on January 28, 2017, they were detained pursuant to an executive order issued by President Donald Trump the previous day (EO-1) that suspended entry to the U.S. for nationals of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The plaintiffs alleged that denying LPRs entry after a brief visit abroad violated Fifth Amendment equal protection and due process rights, the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause, the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). The complaint was filed as a joint petition for a writ of habeas corpus and civil complaint that requested an injunction ordering the federal government to not detain any individual solely on the basis of EO-1, a declaratory judgment that the government’s detention of the plaintiffs was unauthorized by statute and contrary to law, and attorney’s fees.
The plaintiffs were Iranian nationals who were employed as associate professors at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth. They were detained at Logan upon returning home from an academic conference. Counsel for the plaintiffs attempted to contact them at Logan but could not because of the detention. The district court held a hearing on the habeas petition on January 28.
A day after filing their initial complaint and habeas petition, the plaintiffs moved for a temporary restraining order (TRO) on January 29, 2017. The court granted a seven-day TRO that same day. In this order, the district court summarized its findings that the plaintiffs had shown a strong likelihood of success in establishing that (1) their detention and/or removal (or that of others similarly situated) would violate the Fifth Amendment’s guarantees of due process and equal protection, and (2) absent a stay of removal, the plaintiffs and others similarly situated, including LPRs, citizens, visa-holders, approved refugees and other individuals from countries subject to EO-1 would be likely to suffer irreparable harm. Under the TRO,
Lastly, the court ordered that the TRO would expire seven days from January 29, 2017, and that the district court would schedule a hearing prior to expiration. It is unclear if the TRO was meant to apply to federal activity within the District of Massachusetts or nationwide. 2017 WL 386550. On February 1, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the University of Massachusetts moved to intervene as plaintiffs. The motion was granted the next day.
On February 1, 2017, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint and habeas petition on behalf of all "noncitizens who are lawfully in the United States after being thoroughly vetted by the U.S. government." Five new individual plaintiffs were added to the amended complaint (all were Iranian nationals, three were LPRs, while two were in the U.S. on valid F-1 student visas). The amended complaint indicated that the (original) two plaintiffs to the January 28 habeas petition and complaint were released prior to the January 28 hearing on the habeas petition but after a four-hour detention at Logan. Despite their release and entry to the U.S., the original plaintiffs claimed sustained harm as a result of EO-1 in the February 1 filing. These two plaintiffs claimed that the government’s continued enforcement of EO-1 made them refrain from leaving the U.S. despite their LPR status and that this interfered with their ability to visit their parents in Iran. Three of the new LPR plaintiffs all claimed that EO-1 was causing them similar injuries as the two original plaintiffs, namely that they were unable to leave the U.S. to visit family in Iran out of fear that they would be unable to return. The other two new plaintiffs were lawful non-immigrants residing in Massachusetts who claimed that EO-1 caused them to refrain from international travel affecting their ability to visit family abroad and travel for school/work.
Oxfam America, Inc. was also added as a plaintiff. The amended complaint included allegations that EO-1 significantly hampered Oxfam's humanitarian mission by, among other things, causing administrative burdens and depriving its employees of their “ability to speak with key governmental constituencies to advocate for and address questions regarding Oxfam’s programs in the affected countries.” This filing included additional claims that EO-1 violated the First Amendment’s protections of speech, petition, and association. The amended habeas petition and complaint also alleged that the federal government continued to enforce EO-1 despite the January 29 TRO. To secure effective relief, the plaintiffs requested an order requiring the government to immediately notify airlines about the January 29 TRO, a declaration that Section 3 of EO-1 was unlawful, and an injunction preventing the federal government from enforcing EO-1.
On February 3, 2017, the court held a hearing to determine if the TRO would be extended. In an opinion issued that same day, Judge Gorton began by noting that EO-1’s use of the word "entry" was best read to indicate that lawful permanent residents (LPRs) were not affected by the travel ban. In light of this reading—plus a February 1, 2017, memorandum by White House Counsel Donald McGahn that informed the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the DHS Secretary that Sections 3(c) and 3(e) of EO-1 did not apply to LPRs—the district court held that the plaintiffs' request to enjoin the application of the EO-1 to LPRs was moot. 230 F. Supp. 3d 26.
Judge Gorton then addressed the claims for injunctive relief brought by the F-1 visa holders and Oxfam. First, the district court held that rational-basis review applied to EO-1’s categorization of non-resident aliens and declined to grant an injunction that would “encroach upon the ‘delicate policy judgment’ inherent in immigration decisions.” Second, the court rejected the plaintiffs’ Establishment Clause claim because EO-1 §5(b), which the plaintiffs argued gave preferential treatment to Christians over Muslims, had language that was neutral with respect to religion and further because this section was specifically about refugee policy which would not personally affect the plaintiffs as F-1 visa holders. Third, the court held that the F-1 plaintiffs were not likely to succeed on the merits of their due process claim because due process protections did not apply to visas and the two plaintiffs were not subject to deportation proceedings at the time they joined the lawsuit. Fourth, the court dismissed the APA claim because EO-1 was a presidential action and thus unreviewable under the APA. Fifth, as to Oxfam’s claim that EO-1 violated its First Amendment rights to freedom of speech, association and petition by barring entry of non-citizens, including visa holders from the U.S, the court held that the President had provided facially legitimate and bona fide reasons for EO-1 in the text of the executive order itself and thus Oxfam had not shown a likelihood of success with respect to that claim. As a result, the district court declined to provide the plaintiffs with any injunctive relief and did not renew the January 29 temporary restraining order. 230 F. Supp. 3d 26.
There are no docket entries between February 3, 2017, and March 9, 2017. However, on March 6, 2017, President Trump rescinded the January 27 Executive Order and replaced it with a narrower one, Executive Order 13780. Shortly afterwards, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the University of Massachusetts filed a notice of voluntary dismissal on March 9. All plaintiffs including Oxfam filed a notice of voluntary dismissal on March 20, 2017.
This case is now closed.
Summary Authors
Virginia Weeks (2/3/2017)
Julie Aust (3/21/2017)
Eva Richardson (5/15/2019)
Esteban Woo Kee (11/30/2021)
Evan Gamza (5/21/2022)
For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4576148/parties/louhghalam-v-trump/
Ackerman, David Paul (Massachusetts)
Ackil, Ann (Massachusetts)
Adams, Randall R (Massachusetts)
Alvarez, Iraida J. (Massachusetts)
Albano, Jonathan M. (Massachusetts)
Burroughs, Allison Dale (Massachusetts)
Dein, Judith Gail (Massachusetts)
Gorton, Nathaniel M. (Massachusetts)
Biagetti, Peter A. (Massachusetts)
Burnett, Elizabeth B. (Massachusetts)
Cohen, Susan J. (Massachusetts)
Demissie, Derege B. (Massachusetts)
Dewar, Elizabeth N. (Massachusetts)
Doyle, Kerry E. (Massachusetts)
Finegan, Susan M. (Massachusetts)
Gardener, Michael S. (Massachusetts)
Lafaille, Adriana (Massachusetts)
Miller, Jonathan B. (Massachusetts)
Nadeau, Genevieve (Massachusetts)
Nathanson, Andrew (Massachusetts)
Rossman, Jessie J. (Massachusetts)
Ackerman, David Paul (Massachusetts)
Adams, Randall R (Massachusetts)
Alvarez, Iraida J. (Massachusetts)
Arthur, Elizabeth G. (Massachusetts)
Attorney, OIL-DCS Trial (Massachusetts)
Balaban, Rachel G. (Massachusetts)
Balakrishna, Annapurna (Massachusetts)
Balderrama, Monica (Massachusetts)
Barghaan, Dennis Carl (Massachusetts)
Barnico, Thomas A. (Massachusetts)
Barry, John J. (Massachusetts)
Barry-Smith, Christopher K. (Massachusetts)
Beato, Andrew Michael (Massachusetts)
Bein, Philip Michael (Massachusetts)
Belsan, Timothy Michael (Massachusetts)
Bennett, Michelle (Massachusetts)
Bensing, Daniel E (Massachusetts)
Berger, George (Massachusetts)
Bergman, Jacob Max (Massachusetts)
Berin, Alec Jacob (Massachusetts)
Berman, Steve W. (Massachusetts)
Berns, Matthew J. (Massachusetts)
Blain, Jennifer Ellen (Massachusetts)
Bloom, Karen S. (Massachusetts)
Blume, Todd M. (Massachusetts)
Bobb, Andrew A (Massachusetts)
Borrello, Robert John (Massachusetts)
Bowen, Brigham J. (Massachusetts)
Braga, Victoria (Massachusetts)
Brazier, Alexandra L. (Massachusetts)
Brinkman, Andrew C (Massachusetts)
Brock, Matthew T. (Massachusetts)
Buchanan, Michael F. (Massachusetts)
Burlington, Robert Kent (Massachusetts)
Burstein, Judd (Massachusetts)
Butcher, Daniel Everett (Massachusetts)
Byrne, Patrick Gerard (Massachusetts)
Carilli, Joseph F. (Massachusetts)
Carley, Justin L (Massachusetts)
Carmichael, Andrew E (Massachusetts)
Cecchi, James E. (Massachusetts)
Chan, Priscilla To-Yin (Massachusetts)
Cheng, David L (Massachusetts)
Chicago, AUSA - (Massachusetts)
Ching, Edric Ming-Kai (Massachusetts)
Chorover, Nora (Massachusetts)
Cole, Victoria S. (Massachusetts)
Cooper, Lisa D. (Massachusetts)
Courchesne, Christophe G (Massachusetts)
Cournoyer, Madonna E (Massachusetts)
Cray, Pierce O. (Massachusetts)
Cueto, Christopher F. (Massachusetts)
Daeubler, Kirsten (Massachusetts)
Darrow, Joseph A. (Massachusetts)
Davila, Yamileth G (Massachusetts)
Davis, Kathryn C (Massachusetts)
DeFilippo, Paul R. (Massachusetts)
Dibble, Francis D. (Massachusetts)
Dirks, Katherine B. (Massachusetts)
Dollar, Robyn P. (Massachusetts)
Donovan, Brian M. (Massachusetts)
D'Ottavio, Kari (Massachusetts)
Duffy, Conor P. (Massachusetts)
Dugan, Joseph C. (Massachusetts)
Dundin, Louis M. (Massachusetts)
Evans, Walter Manning (Massachusetts)
Farmer, Gary Michael (Massachusetts)
Farquhar, Rayford A. (Massachusetts)
Farringer, Craig S. (Massachusetts)
Faulman, Sara Lyn (Massachusetts)
Feiner, Gillian R. (Massachusetts)
Fernandes, David Brian (Massachusetts)
Finegan, Daniel P. (Massachusetts)
Flentje, August E. (District of Columbia)
Flowers, Jodi Westbrook (Massachusetts)
Foster, Jennifer M (Massachusetts)
Freeley, Mary B (Massachusetts)
Friedman, David S. (Massachusetts)
Fuchs, Siegmund F. (Massachusetts)
Fuentes, Raymond J (Massachusetts)
Gannon, Catherine (Massachusetts)
Gasparo, Frank M (Massachusetts)
George, Scott Alan (Massachusetts)
George, William David (Massachusetts)
Germano, Michael F. (Massachusetts)
Goldberg, Jay K. (Massachusetts)
Goldman, Jeffrey L. (Massachusetts)
Goldsmith, Aaron S. (Massachusetts)
Gould, Milton S. (Massachusetts)
Gov, Krissy C. (Massachusetts)
Gov, Douglas T. (Massachusetts)
Grant, Nicole Patrice (Massachusetts)
Grant, Sheryl F. (Massachusetts)
Greene, Sean P. (Massachusetts)
Greene, Thomas M. (Massachusetts)
Griffin, Christopher Lee (Massachusetts)
Gurland, Harvey W. (Massachusetts)
Habeas, US Attorney (Massachusetts)
Haefele, Robert Turner (Massachusetts)
Halaska, Alexander James (Massachusetts)
Hansen, Daniel John (Massachusetts)
Hanson, Kirk G. (Massachusetts)
Hayden, Donald John (Massachusetts)
Head, Carol E. (Massachusetts)
Henson-DOJ, Angie L (Massachusetts)
Himmelhoch, Sarah Dale (Massachusetts)
Hodges, David Wayne (Massachusetts)
Hollis, Christopher W. (Massachusetts)
Horgan, James J. (Massachusetts)
Hummel, Jordan Kelsey (Massachusetts)
Hurld, Christopher S. (Massachusetts)
Iancu, Carol A. (Massachusetts)
Jacobs, James David (Massachusetts)
Jafek, Timothy Bart (Massachusetts)
Jentzer, Lyle D (Massachusetts)
Joss, Sarah M. (Massachusetts)
Julius, Derek C. (Massachusetts)
Kahramanian, Lala (Massachusetts)
Kanter, Ethan B (Massachusetts)
Katz, Scott A. (Massachusetts)
Kelley, Jean M. (Massachusetts)
Kelly, Genevieve M. (Massachusetts)
Kelly, Sheila Creaton (Massachusetts)
Kimball, Kimere J (Massachusetts)
Kipnis, Brian C (Massachusetts)
Kittay, Leo Benjamin (Massachusetts)
Kobick, Julia E. (Massachusetts)
Konkoly, Antonia (Massachusetts)
Koster, Andrew W. (Massachusetts)
Krahulik, Robert Emil (Massachusetts)
Kretzing, Laurel Row (Massachusetts)
LA-CV, Assistant 2241-194 (Massachusetts)
Lagorio, Peter A. (Massachusetts)
Leathers, Daniel R. (Massachusetts)
Leon, Michael A. (Massachusetts)
Lichten, Stuart Lloyd (Massachusetts)
Lindemann, Jessica M. (Massachusetts)
Lonegan, Bryan (Massachusetts)
Lucia, Joseph P. (Massachusetts)
Ludman, Donald K. (Massachusetts)
Lyons, Matthew M. (Massachusetts)
MacKenzie, Michael B. (Massachusetts)
Magnanini, Robert A. (Massachusetts)
Manganaro, Kevin W. (Massachusetts)
Marks, David R. (Massachusetts)
Maron, Matthew Russell (Massachusetts)
Martin, Jill A. (Massachusetts)
Martland, Douglas S. (Massachusetts)
Massachusetts, Commonwealth of (Massachusetts)
Matlack, William T. (Massachusetts)
McAleenan, Kevin K. (Massachusetts)
McAuliffe, Eileen Ryan (Massachusetts)
McGillivary, Gregory Keith (Massachusetts)
McGuinness, Lynette Ebeoglu (Massachusetts)
McGuire, Robert A (Massachusetts)
McKenna-DOJ, Sean Robert (Massachusetts)
McKey, Jamie Jean (Massachusetts)
McPartland, Patrick Thomas (Massachusetts)
Menkin, Jeffrey L (Massachusetts)
Miller, Jennifer (Massachusetts)
Mooppan, Hashim M (Massachusetts)
Moore, Brendan T (Massachusetts)
Moran, Timothy E. (Massachusetts)
Mosley, Gwendolyn T. (Massachusetts)
Mrachek, Lorin Louis (Massachusetts)
Mullin, Peter A. (Massachusetts)
Murley, Nicole N. (Massachusetts)
Murphy, Lindsay M. (Massachusetts)
Murray, Christopher Owen (Massachusetts)
Mustokoff, Michael M. (Massachusetts)
Nakakuni, Florence T. (Massachusetts)
Nannis, Veronica Byam (Massachusetts)
Neal, Angela J. (Massachusetts)
Nelson, Jeffrey E. (Massachusetts)
Nestler, Emily B. (Massachusetts)
Norway, Robert Mark (Massachusetts)
Noyes, Christopher R. (Massachusetts)
Nuez, Nelsy De (Massachusetts)
Olivere, Mark D. (Massachusetts)
Orent, Jonathan D. (Massachusetts)
O'Rourke, Brendan J (Massachusetts)
Ortega, Roberto D (Massachusetts)
Oswald, Craig Arthur (Massachusetts)
Paine, Jenifer (Massachusetts)
Palmer, R. Scott (Massachusetts)
Paris, Lynda Carey (Massachusetts)
Parker, Ryan Bradley (Massachusetts)
Patten, Robert P (Massachusetts)
Peachey, William Charles (District of Columbia)
Peoples, Tashiba Monique (Massachusetts)
Petty, Aaron R (Massachusetts)
Pifko, Mark Philip (Massachusetts)
Poindexter, Jeffrey E. (Massachusetts)
Pollack, Joshua Judah (Massachusetts)
Powers, James Ryan (Massachusetts)
Pratt, Sherease Rosalyn (Massachusetts)
Press, Joshua S. (District of Columbia)
Quinan, Robert L. (Massachusetts)
Raffanello, Susan Elizabeth (Massachusetts)
Ravitz, Randall E. (Massachusetts)
Readler, Chad Andrew (District of Columbia)
Rice, Juliana deHaan (Massachusetts)
Rios, Ricardo Brandon (Massachusetts)
Rivera, Carlos Francisco (Massachusetts)
Robertson, Katherine A. (Massachusetts)
Robins, Jeffrey S. (Massachusetts)
Robinson, Alexis (Massachusetts)
Robinson, Emmett E. (Massachusetts)
Rogow, Bruce S. (Massachusetts)
Rosen, Lawrence S. (Massachusetts)
Rosenberg, Brad Prescott (Massachusetts)
Russomanno, Herman J. (Massachusetts)
Sady, Michael P. (Massachusetts)
Salinger, Kenneth W. (Massachusetts)
Sarnelli, Jennifer (Massachusetts)
Scarlett, Shana E. (Massachusetts)
Schaffer-Goldman, Regina (Massachusetts)
Schlesinger, Steven Robert (Massachusetts)
Schmedlin, William Francis (Massachusetts)
Schofield, Seth (Massachusetts)
Schreiber, Philip M. (Massachusetts)
Schuessler, Danielle K (Massachusetts)
Schulman, Brian J. (Massachusetts)
Schwei, Daniel Stephen (Massachusetts)
Sclarsic, Jonathan (Massachusetts)
Secord, Erin M (Massachusetts)
Seeger, Christopher A. (Massachusetts)
Shah, James C. (Massachusetts)
Shapiro, Jeffrey S. (Massachusetts)
Sharobem, Steven T. (Massachusetts)
Shin, Sookyoung (Massachusetts)
Shinners, Katherine J. (District of Columbia)
Shumate, Brett A. (Massachusetts)
Singh, Rukhsanah L. (Massachusetts)
Skurnik, Matthew (Massachusetts)
Slack, Michelle R (Massachusetts)
Sneed, Sekret Tamara (Massachusetts)
Stanley, Lawrence Thompson (Massachusetts)
Stengle, Linda Jeffries (Massachusetts)
Sterman, Anne L. (Massachusetts)
Stoker, Michael A. (Massachusetts)
Stone, David S. (Massachusetts)
Tang, Yeatyng Evelyn (Massachusetts)
Tarantino, Mayra Velez (Massachusetts)
Taranto, Leon B (Massachusetts)
Taylor, Lindsey H. (Massachusetts)
Tellis, Roland K. (Massachusetts)
Toennies, Andrew G. (Massachusetts)
Trump, Donald J. (Massachusetts)
Tseng, Neill Tai (Massachusetts)
Valiente, Lauren Lisette (Massachusetts)
Vuong, Sarah L. (Massachusetts)
Walker, James Joseph (Massachusetts)
Wall, Jeffrey B. (Massachusetts)
Wall, Sheetul Sheth (Massachusetts)
Walle, Erin McCarthy (Massachusetts)
Walsh, E. Jeffrey (Massachusetts)
Ward, Brian Christopher (Massachusetts)
Weinberger, James D. (Massachusetts)
Weinreb, William D. (Massachusetts)
Weinstein, Fred David (Massachusetts)
Weiss, Stephen A. (Massachusetts)
Westmoreland, Rachael (Massachusetts)
Westwater, Gisela Ann (District of Columbia)
Wetzler, Lauren A. (Massachusetts)
White, Edward S. (Massachusetts)
Winston, Mark R. (Massachusetts)
Wotring, Earnest William (Massachusetts)
Wyer, Kathryn L (Massachusetts)
Yanchunis, John Allen (Massachusetts)
Yoo, Donald Wayne (Massachusetts)
Young, Stacey I (Massachusetts)
Young, James Dennis (Massachusetts)
Young, Danielle Wolfson (Massachusetts)
Younger, Stephen P. (Massachusetts)
Albano, Jonathan M. (Massachusetts)
Attorney, Noticing INS (Massachusetts)
Barnard, Thomas H (Massachusetts)
Bennett, Richard Wesley (Massachusetts)
Bigelow, Jason M. (Massachusetts)
Boyce, Sarah G. (District of Columbia)
Braunstein, Joshua E (Massachusetts)
Cargo, Shane Patrick (Massachusetts)
Deiss, Ila Casy (Massachusetts)
DeJute, David A (Massachusetts)
Doyen, Michael R. (California)
FitzGerald, Ellen (Massachusetts)
Friedman, Michael Justin (Massachusetts)
Golder, Chad (District of Columbia)
Gutierrez, Sandra Ema (Massachusetts)
Healey, Maura T. (Massachusetts)
Herlihy, Joseph M. (Massachusetts)
Kisor, Colin A. (Massachusetts)
Kochevar, Steven John (Massachusetts)
Lee, Casey Kyung-Se (Massachusetts)
Maloney, Sarah (Massachusetts)
Marutollo, Joseph Anthony (Massachusetts)
Nelson, Anna Emily (Massachusetts)
Normand, Sarah Sheive (Massachusetts)
Oeltjen, Natasha (Massachusetts)
O'Leary, Sheila (Massachusetts)
Raurell, Carlos Javier (Massachusetts)
Rocque, Amanda Adams (Massachusetts)
Security, U.S. Department (Massachusetts)
Soloveichik, Layaliza K. (Massachusetts)
Steverson, Carolyn Williams (Massachusetts)
Thorp, Galen N. (Massachusetts)
Waterman, Brandon Matthew (Massachusetts)
See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4576148/louhghalam-v-trump/
Last updated Aug. 21, 2023, 3:06 a.m.
State / Territory: Massachusetts
Case Type(s):
Special Collection(s):
Key Dates
Filing Date: Jan. 28, 2017
Closing Date: March 20, 2017
Case Ongoing: No
Plaintiffs
Plaintiff Description:
Two lawful permanent residents of the United States detained at the airport in Massachusetts, five other Iranian nationals with visas, Oxfam America, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the University of Massachusetts
Plaintiff Type(s):
Non-profit NON-religious organization
Attorney Organizations:
Public Interest Lawyer: Yes
Filed Pro Se: No
Class Action Sought: No
Class Action Outcome: Not sought
Defendants
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Washington D.C.), Federal
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Washington D.C.), Federal
Office of the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (Washington D.C.), Federal
Office of the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Washington D.C. ), Federal
Office of the Director of the New York Field Office of CBP (New York, New York), Federal
Office of the President of the U.S. (Washington D.C.), Federal
Defendant Type(s):
Case Details
Causes of Action:
Religious Freedom Rest. Act/Religious Land Use and Inst. Persons Act (RFRA/RLUIPA)
Ex Parte Young (Federal) or Bivens
Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.
Habeas Corpus, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241-2253; 2254; 2255
Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)
Constitutional Clause(s):
Due Process: Procedural Due Process
Due Process: Substantive Due Process
Available Documents:
Outcome
Prevailing Party: Plaintiff
Nature of Relief:
Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order
Source of Relief:
Form of Settlement:
Order Duration: 2017 - 2017
Content of Injunction:
Issues
General:
Access to lawyers or judicial system
Discrimination-basis:
National origin discrimination
Immigration/Border:
National Origin/Ethnicity: