Case: Espinoza Escanola v. Noem

1:25-cv-00604 | U.S. District Court for the District of District of Columbia

Filed Date: March 1, 2025

Case Ongoing

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Case Summary

This case challenges the second Trump Administration's transfer of immigrant detainees from the United States to the U.S. Naval Station at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. (To see the Clearinghouse's collection of legal challenges to actions by the second Trump Administration, click here.) Prior to this lawsuit, President Trump said he wanted to use Guantánamo’s 30,000 beds “to detain the worst criminal illegal aliens threatening the American people” (reported here), and on January 29, 2025, he issued a m…

This case challenges the second Trump Administration's transfer of immigrant detainees from the United States to the U.S. Naval Station at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. (To see the Clearinghouse's collection of legal challenges to actions by the second Trump Administration, click here.)

Prior to this lawsuit, President Trump said he wanted to use Guantánamo’s 30,000 beds “to detain the worst criminal illegal aliens threatening the American people” (reported here), and on January 29, 2025, he issued a memorandum to expand the Migrant Operations Center there. After migrants were sent to Guantánamo, a lawsuit directed at ensuring access to counsel for people detained there was filed on February 12, 2025. See Las Americas Immigr. Advoc. Ctr. v. Noem, No. 25-cv-418 (D.D.C. filed Feb. 12, 2025) (“Las Americas”) and the Clearinghouse's summary here

Then on March 1, 2025, this lawsuit was filed by ten noncitizens in immigration custody who were at imminent risk of transfer from the U.S. to Guantánamo. They were represented by the ACLU, ACLU of DC, International Refugee Assistance Project, and Center for Constitutional Rights. They sued the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Department of Defense, and the heads of each agency in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The plaintiffs alleged that the transfers and detention at Guantánamo violated the Immigration and Nationality Act, the Administrative Procedure Act, and—because the transfers are undertaken for punitive, illegitimate reasons and the conditions in which the detainees are housed are unconstitutional—the Fifth Amendment's due process clause. They sought a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, a writ of habeas corpus, and reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. The case was assigned to District Judge Carl J. Nichols, who already had Las Americas before him.

Simultaneously with the complaint, the plaintiffs filed an emergency motion seeking to halt the transfers. This motion was denied during a hearing on March 14, 2025 (reported here).

On March 29, 2025, one of the plaintiffs (Mr. Espinoza Escalona) was transferred from the U.S. to Guantánamo, then the next day, they were transferred to El Salvador. Per the plaintiff's counsel, they did not receive any notice from the government of his transfer until approximately four days after his transport to Guantánamo. As such, they argued they had no opportunity to timely intervene during his detention at Guantánamo—the entire purpose of the court's notice requirement—and requested a court order that the defendants provide 24-hour advance notice prior to the transfer of any of the remaining plaintiffs to Guantánamo.

This case is ongoing. 

Summary Authors

Lacie Melasi (3/22/2025)

Related Cases

Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center v. Noem, District of District of Columbia (2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69696278/parties/espinoza-escalona-v-noem/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Alagesan, Deepa (District of Columbia)

Azmy, Baher (District of Columbia)

Cho, Eunice Hyunhye (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Canter, Nancy Kwang (District of Columbia)

Ensign, Drew C (District of Columbia)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

1:25-cv-00604

Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief and Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Complaint
2

1:25-cv-00604

Plaintiffs-Petitioners’ Emergency Motion For Stay of Transfer to Guantanamo

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Pleading / Motion / Brief
3

1:25-cv-00604

Notice of Related Case

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Other

Resources

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69696278/espinoza-escalona-v-noem/

Last updated April 22, 2025, 6:26 p.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against All Defendants ( Filing fee $ 405 receipt number ADCDC-11512642) filed by Walter Estiver Salazar, Jackson Manuel Villa Wilhelm, Maiker Alejandro Espinoza Escalona, Josue De Jesus Torcati Sebrian, Jorge Alberto Castillo Cerrano, Ghulam Muhammad, Hijran Malik, Janfrank Berrios Laguna, MD Rayhan, Alejandro Jose Pulido Castellano. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Summons Kristi Noem, # 3 Summons DHS, # 4 Summons Madison Sheahan, # 5 Summons ICE, # 6 Summons Pete Hegseth, # 7 Summons DOD, # 8 Summons US Attorney General)(Gelernt, Lee) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

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2 Summons Kristi Noem

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3 Summons DHS

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4 Summons Madison Sheahan

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5 Summons ICE

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6 Summons Pete Hegseth

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7 Summons DOD

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8 Summons US Attorney General

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March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Clearinghouse

Case Assigned/Reassigned

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
2

Emergency MOTION to Stay Transfer by MD Rayhan, Maiker Alejandro Espinoza Escalona, Jackson Manuel Villa Wilhelm, Jorge Alberto Castillo Cerrano, Janfrank Berrios Laguna, Alejandro Jose Pulido Castellano, Josue De Jesus Torcati Sebrian, Walter Estiver Salazar, Hijran Malik, Ghulam Muhammad. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Counsel, # 2 Memorandum in Support, # 3 Index of Exhibits, # 4 Declaration Maiker Alejandro Espinoza Escalona, # 5 Declaration Jackson Manuel Villa Wilhelm, # 6 Declaration Jorge Alberto Castillo Cerrano, # 7 Declaration Janfrank Berrios Laguna, # 8 Declaration Alejandro Jose Pulido Castellano, # 9 Declaration Josue de Jesus Torcati Sebrian, # 10 Declaration Walter Estiver Salazar, # 11 Declaration Hijran Malik, # 12 Declaration Ghulam Muhammad, # 13 Declaration MD Rayhan, # 14 Declaration Deborah Fleischaker, # 15 Declaration Jennifer Barbaie, # 16 Declaration Luis Alberto Castillo Rivera, # 17 Declaration Jonathan Alejandro Alviares Armas, # 18 Declaration Jose Daniel Simancas Rodriguez, # 19 Declaration Raul David Garcia, # 20 Declaration Yoiker David Sequera, # 21 Declaration Jeferson Escalona, # 22 Declaration Tilson Ramon Gomez Lugo, # 23 Text of Proposed Order)(Gelernt, Lee) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

1 Certificate of Counsel

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2 Memorandum in Support

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3 Index of Exhibits

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4 Declaration Maiker Alejandro Espinoza Escalona

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5 Declaration Jackson Manuel Villa Wilhelm

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6 Declaration Jorge Alberto Castillo Cerrano

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7 Declaration Janfrank Berrios Laguna

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8 Declaration Alejandro Jose Pulido Castellano

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9 Declaration Josue de Jesus Torcati Sebrian

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10 Declaration Walter Estiver Salazar

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11 Declaration Hijran Malik

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12 Declaration Ghulam Muhammad

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13 Declaration MD Rayhan

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14 Declaration Deborah Fleischaker

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15 Declaration Jennifer Barbaie

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16 Declaration Luis Alberto Castillo Rivera

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17 Declaration Jonathan Alejandro Alviares Armas

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18 Declaration Jose Daniel Simancas Rodriguez

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19 Declaration Raul David Garcia

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20 Declaration Yoiker David Sequera

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21 Declaration Jeferson Escalona

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22 Declaration Tilson Ramon Gomez Lugo

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23 Text of Proposed Order

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March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Clearinghouse

Status Report Order

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
3

NOTICE OF RELATED CASE by All Plaintiffs. Case related to Case No. 1:25-cv-00418. (Gelernt, Lee) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

Clearinghouse

Case Assigned to Judge Carl J. Nichols. (zjd)

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER

MINUTE ORDER. In light of Plaintiffs' 2 Emergency Motion to Stay Transfer, it is ORDERED that on or before 3:00 PM on March 3, 2025, the Parties shall meet, confer, and file a Joint Status Report addressing the following issues: (1) a proposed briefing schedule for Plaintiffs' 2 Motion; (2) a statement addressing whether a hearing on Plaintiffs' 2 Motion is necessary, and if so, a proposed date and time for such a hearing; and (3) a statement addressing whether the Parties anticipate factual disputes between affiants. The Parties may also address any other issues that they believe will be helpful to the Court. Any disagreements should be noted in the Joint Status Report. It is further ORDERED that Plaintiffs shall provide a copy of this Minute Order to Defendants. So ORDERED by Judge Carl J. Nichols on March 1, 2025. (lccjn2)

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
4

REQUEST FOR SUMMONS TO ISSUE filed by WALTER ESTIVER SALAZAR, JACKSON MANUEL VILLA WILHELM, MAIKER ALEJANDRO ESPINOZA ESCALONA, JOSUE DE JESUS TORCATI SEBRIAN, JORGE ALBERTO CASTILLO CERRANO, GHULAM MUHAMMAD, HIJRAN MALIK, JANFRANK BERRIOS LAGUNA, MD RAYHAN, ALEJANDRO JOSE PULIDO CASTELLANO.(Gelernt, Lee) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
5

SUMMONS (8) Issued Electronically as to All Defendants, U.S. Attorney, and U.S. Attorney General. (Attachment: # 1 Notice and Consent) (zjd) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

1 Notice and Consent

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March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
6

NOTICE of Appearance by Eunice Hyunhye Cho on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Cho, Eunice) (Entered: 03/01/2025)

March 1, 2025

March 1, 2025

PACER
7

NOTICE of Appearance by Sarah S. Wilson on behalf of All Defendants (Wilson, Sarah) (Entered: 03/03/2025)

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

PACER

Set Deadlines/Hearings

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

PACER

~Util - Set/Reset Deadlines/Hearings

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

PACER
8

Joint STATUS REPORT by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM ENFORCEMENT, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. (Wilson, Sarah) (Entered: 03/03/2025)

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

RECAP

MINUTE ORDER: Pursuant to the Parties' 8 Joint Status Report, it is ORDERED that Defendants' opposition brief shall be due on or before 3/10/2025 at 3:00 pm EST and that Plaintiffs' reply will be filed on or before 3/13/2025 at 5:00 pm EST. It is further ORDERED that the Parties shall appear for a hearing on 3/14/2025 at 3:00 pm EST in Courtroom 17. Signed by Judge Carl J. Nichols on 3/3/2025 (lccjn3) (Entered: 3/3/2025)

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

PACER
9

NOTICE of Appearance by Nancy Kwang Canter on behalf of All Defendants (Canter, Nancy) (Entered: 03/03/2025)

March 3, 2025

March 3, 2025

RECAP
10

NOTICE of Appearance by Arthur B. Spitzer on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Spitzer, Arthur) (Entered: 03/04/2025)

March 4, 2025

March 4, 2025

RECAP
11

NOTICE of Appearance by Scott Michelman on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Michelman, Scott) (Entered: 03/04/2025)

March 4, 2025

March 4, 2025

PACER
12

NOTICE of Appearance by Deepa Alagesan on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Alagesan, Deepa) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

March 10, 2025

March 10, 2025

PACER

Set/Reset Hearings

March 10, 2025

March 10, 2025

PACER
13

NOTICE of Appearance by Kimberly Robin Grano on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Grano, Kimberly) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

March 10, 2025

March 10, 2025

PACER
14

Memorandum in opposition to re 2 Motion to Stay,,,,, filed by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM ENFORCEMENT, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration LTC Green, # 2 Declaration Lopez Vega)(Wilson, Sarah) (Entered: 03/10/2025)

1 Declaration LTC Green

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2 Declaration Lopez Vega

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March 10, 2025

March 10, 2025

RECAP

Set/Reset Hearings: Motion Hearing reset for 3/14/2025 at 02:00 PM in Courtroom 17- In Person before Judge Carl J. Nichols. Note time change. Members of the Public and Media are permitted to attend in person. There will not be a public telephone line connected. (zcam)

March 10, 2025

March 10, 2025

PACER
15

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Kyle A. Virgien on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Virgien, Kyle) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
16

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Judy Rabinovitz on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Rabinovitz, Judy) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
17

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by My Khanh Ngo on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Ngo, My Khanh) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
18

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Noelle Smith on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Smith, Noelle) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
19

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Noor Zafar on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Zafar, Noor) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
20

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Omar C. Jadwat on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Jadwat, Omar) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
21

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Wafa Junaid on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Junaid, Wafa) (Entered: 03/12/2025)

March 12, 2025

March 12, 2025

RECAP
22

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Jessica Myers Vosburgh on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Vosburgh, Jessica) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

March 13, 2025

March 13, 2025

RECAP
23

NOTICE of Appearance- Pro Bono by Baher Azmy on behalf of All Plaintiffs (Azmy, Baher) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

March 13, 2025

March 13, 2025

RECAP
24

REPLY to opposition to motion re 2 Motion to Stay,,,,, filed by MD RAYHAN, MAIKER ALEJANDRO ESPINOZA ESCALONA, JACKSON MANUEL VILLA WILHELM, JORGE ALBERTO CASTILLO CERRANO, JANFRANK BERRIOS LAGUNA, ALEJANDRO JOSE PULIDO CASTELLANO, JOSUE DE JESUS TORCATI SEBRIAN, WALTER ESTIVER SALAZAR, HIJRAN MALIK, GHULAM MUHAMMAD. (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit 1 Supplemental Declaration of Deborah Fleischaker, # 3 Exhibit 2 Declaration of Tarlis Marcone De Barros Goncalves, # 4 Exhibit 3 Declaration of Engel Jirox Montenego, # 5 Exhibit 4 Declaration of Adonia Simpson, # 6 Exhibit 5 Supplemental Declaration of Jennifer Babaie)(Gelernt, Lee) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

1 Index of Exhibits

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2 Exhibit 1 Supplemental Declaration of Deborah Fleischaker

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3 Exhibit 2 Declaration of Tarlis Marcone De Barros Goncalves

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4 Exhibit 3 Declaration of Engel Jirox Montenego

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5 Exhibit 4 Declaration of Adonia Simpson

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6 Exhibit 5 Supplemental Declaration of Jennifer Babaie

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March 13, 2025

March 13, 2025

RECAP
25

NOTICE of Appearance by Drew C Ensign on behalf of All Defendants (Ensign, Drew) (Entered: 03/13/2025)

March 13, 2025

March 13, 2025

RECAP

Minute Order and Entry for Proceedings held before Judge Carl J. Nichols: Motion Hearing held on 3/14/2025 re Motion 3 in 1:25-cv-00418-CJN and Motion 2 in 1:25-cv-00604-CJN. Motion 3; DENIED for reasons set forth on the record by the Court. Motion 2; DENIED for reasons set forth on the record by the Court. Further Order to be issued by the Court. Government Notice regarding transfer due by 3/19/2025. Court Reporter: Stacy Johns. (zcam)

March 14, 2025

March 14, 2025

PACER

Set/Reset Deadlines

March 14, 2025

March 14, 2025

PACER

Motion Hearing AND Order on Motion for TRO AND Order on Motion to Stay

March 14, 2025

March 14, 2025

PACER

Minute Order and Entry for Proceedings held before Judge Carl J. Nichols: Motion Hearing held on 3/14/2025 re Motion 3 in 1:25-cv-00418-CJN and Motion 2 in 1:25-cv-00604-CJN. Motion 3 ; DENIED for reasons set forth on the record by the Court. Motion 2 ; DENIED for reasons set forth on the record by the Court. Further Order to be issued by the Court. Government Notice regarding transfer due by 3/19/2025. Court Reporter: Stacy Johns. (zcam)

March 14, 2025

March 14, 2025

PACER

Set/Reset Deadlines: Government Notice of Transfer due by 3/19/2025. (zcam)

March 14, 2025

March 14, 2025

PACER
26

NOTICE of Appearance by Jason Kyle Zubata on behalf of All Defendants (Zubata, Jason) (Entered: 03/19/2025)

March 19, 2025

March 19, 2025

RECAP
27

NOTICE of Transfer Notification Protocol by KRISTI NOEM, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, MADISON SHEAHAN, U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM ENFORCEMENT, PETE HEGSETH, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (Zubata, Jason) (Entered: 03/19/2025)

March 19, 2025

March 19, 2025

RECAP
28

NOTICE of Plaintiff Transfer by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE re 27 Notice (Other) (Wilson, Sarah) (Entered: 04/01/2025)

April 1, 2025

April 1, 2025

RECAP
29

RESPONSE re [28] Notice (Other) filed by MD RAYHAN, MAIKER ALEJANDRO ESPINOZA ESCALONA, JACKSON MANUEL VILLA WILHELM, JORGE ALBERTO CASTILLO CERRANO, JANFRANK BERRIOS LAGUNA, ALEJANDRO JOSE PULIDO CASTELLANO, JOSUE DE JESUS TORCATI SEBRIAN, WALTER ESTIVER SALAZAR, HIJRAN MALIK, GHULAM MUHAMMAD. (Gelernt, Lee)

April 2, 2025

April 2, 2025

RECAP
30

NOTICE OF WITHDRAWAL OF APPEARANCE as to PETER B. HEGSETH, KRISTI NOEM, MADISON SHEAHAN, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM ENFORCEMENT. Attorney Nancy Kwang Canter terminated. (Canter, Nancy) (Entered: 04/14/2025)

April 14, 2025

April 14, 2025

RECAP

Case Details

State / Territory: District of Columbia

Case Type(s):

Immigration and/or the Border

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government (Immigration Enforcement)

Key Dates

Filing Date: March 1, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Ten noncitizens in immigration custody who were at imminent risk of transfer from the U.S. to Guantánamo.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

ACLU National (all projects)

Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR)

ACLU Affiliates (any)

International Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP)

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (- United States (national) -), Federal

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (- United States (national) -), Federal

U.S. Department of Defense (- United States (national) -), Federal

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101 et seq.

Habeas Corpus, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241-2253; 2254; 2255

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Nature of Relief:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Immigration/Border:

Constitutional rights

Detention - conditions

Detention - procedures

Enforcement location