Case: Zinski v. Liberty University, Inc.

6:24-cv-00041 | U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia

Filed Date: July 29, 2024

Case Ongoing

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This is a case alleging that Liberty University discriminated against a transgender employee. On July 29, 2024, the plaintiff filed this lawsuit against her former employer, Liberty University, in the United States District Court for the Western District Court of Virginia. The plaintiff alleged that after she came out to her employer as transgender, the University terminated her employment and cited her transgender status as the reason. Represented by private counsel and the ACLU of Virginia, t…

This is a case alleging that Liberty University discriminated against a transgender employee. On July 29, 2024, the plaintiff filed this lawsuit against her former employer, Liberty University, in the United States District Court for the Western District Court of Virginia. The plaintiff alleged that after she came out to her employer as transgender, the University terminated her employment and cited her transgender status as the reason. Represented by private counsel and the ACLU of Virginia, the plaintiff alleged that this constituted sex discrimination, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. She sought declaratory relief, compensatory and punitive damages, back-pay and reinstatement (or front pay), and attorneys' fees. This case was assigned to Senior Judge Norman K. Moon.

The University moved to dismiss on October 3, 2024. It raised various defenses, arguing that its actions were lawful under 1) Title VII exemptions for religious employers, 2) the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), 3) the ministerial exception (a First Amendment doctrine which prevents employment law from applying to the employment relationship between religious institutions and their ministers), 4) freedom of association under the First Amendment, and 5) ecclesiastical abstention (a First Amendment doctrine that requires courts to avoid ruling on matters of religious doctrine).

The court denied the motion to dismiss on February 21, 2025. (2025 WL 581052, amended and superseded by 777 F.Supp.3d 601). The court held that 1) Title VII's exemptions did not allow the University to engage in sex discrimination, 2) the RFRA does not apply to enforcement actions by private parties, 3) the ministerial exception was inapplicable because the plaintiff was not a minister, 4) Title VII's prohibition on employment discrimination does not violate the University's freedom of expressive association, and 5) ecclesiastical abstention was unwarranted because the case did not require the court to rule on religious doctrine.

On April 3, 2025, the court granted the University's motion to certify its prior order denying the motion to dismiss for interlocutory appeal to the Fourth Circuit (case no. 25-1228). 2025 WL 1001163. As of May 24, 2025, the appeal is ongoing.

Summary Authors

Kaoru Terauchi (5/24/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68989188/parties/zinski-v-liberty-university-inc/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff
Attorney for Defendant
Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Andersen, David M. (Virginia)

Bates, Christopher Alan (Virginia)

Beck, Cynthia (Virginia)

Beddoes, Brennan (Virginia)

Brown, Nicholas W. (Virginia)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case
1

6:24-cv-00041

Complaint

July 29, 2024

July 29, 2024

Complaint
37

6:24-cv-00041

Memorandum Opinion

Feb. 21, 2025

Feb. 21, 2025

Order/Opinion

2025 WL 581052

57

6:24-cv-00041

Memorandum Opinion

April 3, 2025

April 3, 2025

Order/Opinion

2025 WL 1001163

59

6:24-cv-00041

Amended Memorandum Opinion

April 3, 2025

April 3, 2025

Order/Opinion

777 F.Supp.3d 601

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68989188/zinski-v-liberty-university-inc/

Last updated July 9, 2026, 5:33 a.m.

Docket for: Zinski v. Liberty University, Inc.
ECF Number Date Description Link
1 July 29, 2024

COMPLAINT against Liberty University, Inc. (Filing & Administrative fee $405.00, receipt number AVAWDC-4477623), filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Attachment: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(ca)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

View on PACER

Clearinghouse
2 July 29, 2024

Electronic Summons Issued as to Liberty University, Inc. NOTICE TO COUNSEL: Please print copies of the electronically issued summons for each defendant as necessary to effectuate service under Fed. R. Civ. P. 4.(ca)

RECAP
3 Aug. 19, 2024

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Ellenor Zinski. Liberty University, Inc. served on 8/13/2024, answer due 9/3/2024.(Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
4 Aug. 29, 2024

NOTICE of Appearance by Daniel Joseph Schmid on behalf of Liberty University, Inc. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
5 Aug. 29, 2024

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Responsive Pleading by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
6 Aug. 29, 2024

Magistrate Consent Notice to Parties. Click here to access the Consent Form (mlp)

RECAP
7 Aug. 29, 2024

Notice of Filing Requirement to Liberty University, Inc. - Pursuant to Standing Order dated May 15, 2000, and the adoption of Rule 7.1 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedures, effective December 1, 2002, nongovernmental corporate parties are directed to file a Corporate Disclosure Statement with their first appearance, pleading, motion or response. Click here to access the Corporate Disclosure Statement Form. This form should be electronically filed in this matter as ordered. (mlp)

RECAP
8 Aug. 29, 2024

Negative Corporate Disclosure Statement by Liberty University, Inc. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
Aug. 29, 2024

Notice of Appearance

Aug. 29, 2024

Notice of Requirement - Corporate Disclosure Statement

Aug. 29, 2024

E-Magistrate Consent Notice to Parties

9 Aug. 30, 2024

ORAL ORDER: Upon consideration of the Defendant's Unopposed Motion for Extension of Time to Respond to Complaint, Dkt. 5, the Court hereby grants the motion. As requested, Defendant is afforded a 30-day extension of time as of the date of Defendant's motion, thereby making Defendants response to the Complaint due on October 3, 2024. Entered by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on 8/30/2024. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached.(al)

RECAP
Aug. 30, 2024

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Document

10 Oct. 2, 2024

NOTICE of Appearance by Samantha Claire Westrum on behalf of Ellenor Zinski (Westrum, Samantha)

RECAP
Oct. 2, 2024

Notice of Appearance

11 Oct. 3, 2024

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
12 Oct. 3, 2024

Brief / Memorandum in Support re 11 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Plaintiff Email to Liberty University Human Resources, # 2 Exhibit B - Liberty University Correspondence to Plaintiff, # 3 Exhibit C - EEOC Right to Sue)(Schmid, Daniel)

1 Exhibit A - Plaintiff Email to Liberty University Human Resources

View on RECAP

2 Exhibit B - Liberty University Correspondence to Plaintiff

View on RECAP

3 Exhibit C - EEOC Right to Sue

View on RECAP

RECAP
13 Oct. 3, 2024

MOTION for Mathew D. Staver to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number AVAWDC-4524510. by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
14 Oct. 3, 2024

MOTION for Horatio G. Mihet to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Filing fee $ 100, receipt number AVAWDC-4524513. by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
15 Oct. 8, 2024

PRETRIAL ORDER (CASE REFERRED to Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer as set forth herein). Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on October 8, 2024. (ca)

RECAP
17 Oct. 8, 2024

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 11 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION Plaintiff's Unopposed Motion for Enlargement of Time and Page Limit by Ellenor Zinski. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
18 Oct. 11, 2024

ORAL ORDER granting 13 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Attorney Mathew D. Staver for Liberty University, Inc. added. Entered by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on October 11, 2024. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached.(laa)

RECAP
19 Oct. 11, 2024

ORAL ORDER granting 14 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Attorney Horatio G. Mihet for Liberty University, Inc. added. Entered by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on October 11, 2024. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached.(laa)

RECAP
Oct. 11, 2024

Order on Motion to Appear Pro Hac Vice

20 Oct. 15, 2024

MINUTE ORDER granting 17 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Plaintiff's deadline to file a response to 11 Defendant's Motion to Dismiss is extended to 10/31/2024. Plaintiff's response shall not exceed 40 pages in length. Defendant may file a reply by 11/7/2024. Entered by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on 10/15/2024. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached.(al)

RECAP
Oct. 15, 2024

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply

21 Oct. 31, 2024

RESPONSE in Opposition re 11 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION . filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Rolla, Wyatt)

RECAP
22 Nov. 4, 2024

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 11 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION by Liberty University, Inc.. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
23 Nov. 5, 2024

MINUTE ORDER granting 22 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 11 Defendant's Motion to Dismiss. Defendant's reply is due by 11/14/2024. Entered by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on 11/05/2024. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached.(al)

RECAP
Nov. 5, 2024

Order on Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply

24 Nov. 6, 2024

REPORT of Rule 26(f) Planning Meeting (Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
25 Nov. 8, 2024

MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Adjudication of Liberty University's Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11) by Liberty University, Inc.. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
26 Nov. 8, 2024

Brief / Memorandum in Support re 25 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Adjudication of Liberty University's Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11) . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
27 Nov. 14, 2024

REPLY to Response to Motion re 11 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
28 Nov. 22, 2024

RESPONSE in Opposition re 25 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Adjudication of Liberty University's Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11) . filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Galina, Samantha)

RECAP
29 Nov. 27, 2024

NOTICE by Liberty University, Inc. that Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11) is Ripe for Adjudication (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
30 Nov. 27, 2024

REPLY to Response to Motion re 25 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Adjudication of Liberty University's Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11) . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
31 Dec. 3, 2024

NOTICE by Liberty University, Inc. that Motion to Stay (dkt. 25) is Ripe for Adjudication (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
32 Jan. 6, 2025

ORDER denying 25 Motion to Stay Discovery Pending Adjudication of Liberty University's Motion to Dismiss (dkt. 11). Signed by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on January 3, 2025. (ca)

RECAP
33 Jan. 21, 2025

Objections by Defendant Liberty University, Inc. re 32 Order on Motion to Stay (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
34 Jan. 28, 2025

NOTICE of Appearance by Eden Brooke Heilman on behalf of Ellenor Zinski (Heilman, Eden)

RECAP
Jan. 28, 2025

Notice of Appearance

35 Jan. 30, 2025

MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney Samantha Westrum by Ellenor Zinski. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Heilman, Eden)

1 Text of Proposed Order

View on PACER

RECAP
36 Jan. 31, 2025

ORDER granting 35 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney Samantha Westrum. Attorney Samantha Claire Westrum terminated. Signed by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on 1/31/2025. (al)

RECAP
37 Feb. 21, 2025

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on February 21, 2025. (ca)

Clearinghouse
38 Feb. 21, 2025

ORDER denying 11 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on February 21, 2025. (ca)

Clearinghouse
39 Feb. 27, 2025

NOTICE of Hearing: Status Conference set for 3/17/2025 at 12:00 PM by telephone before Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (al)

RECAP
Feb. 27, 2025

Notice of Hearing

40 March 3, 2025

NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 37 Memorandum Opinion, 38 Order on Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by Liberty University, Inc.. Filing fee $ 605, receipt number AVAWDC-4623456. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
41 March 3, 2025

MOTION to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) and Request for Expedited Consideration by Liberty University, Inc. (Schmid, Daniel) Modified on 3/4/2025 - Docket text was modified to remove referral text. (ca)

RECAP
42 March 3, 2025

Brief / Memorandum in Support re 41 MOTION to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) and Request for Expedited Consideration . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
43 March 4, 2025

Transmittal of Notice of Appeal to 4CCA re 40 Notice of Appeal NOTE: The Docketing Statement and Transcript Order Form are available on the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals website at www.ca4.uscourts.gov. If CJA24 form(s) are applicable, you must submit a separate Auth-24 for each court reporter from whom you wish to order a transcript through the District Court's eVoucher system. (jv)

RECAP
44 March 7, 2025

MOTION to Compel Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery by Ellenor Zinski. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
45 March 7, 2025

Brief / Memorandum in Support re 44 MOTION to Compel Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery . filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Ex. 1, # 2 Exhibit Ex. 2, # 3 Exhibit Ex. 3)(Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
46 March 12, 2025

USCA Notice of Appellate Case Opening re 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc.. USCA Case Number 25-1228. Case Manager: Kirsten Hancock. (al)

RECAP
47 March 17, 2025

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer: Status Conference held on 3/17/2025. (al)

RECAP
48 March 17, 2025

MINUTE ORDER: During the status conference held on 3/17/2025, the defendant, by counsel, represented its intention to file a second motion to stay discovery. To the extent that the defendant intends to so, the motion to stay shall be filed no later than 3/26/2025. Plaintiffs deadline to file a response is 4/2/2025. Defendants deadline to file a reply is 4/9/2025. If the defendant does not intend to file a reply, it shall file a notice on the docket indicating that the matter is ripe for adjudication. Additionally, the defendants deadline to respond to the plaintiffs 44 Motion to Compel is extended to 3/26/2025. IT IS SO ORDERED. Entered by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on 3/17/2025. This Notice of Electronic Filing is the Official ORDER for this entry. No document is attached. (al)

RECAP
49 March 17, 2025

Brief / Memorandum in Opposition re 41 MOTION to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) and Request for Expedited Consideration . filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Galina, Samantha)

RECAP
March 17, 2025

Status Conference

March 17, 2025

Order

50 March 24, 2025

REPLY to Response to Motion re 41 MOTION to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) and Request for Expedited Consideration . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
51 March 24, 2025

NOTICE by Liberty University, Inc. re 41 Is Ripe for Adjudication without Hearing (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
52 March 26, 2025

MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Resolution of Interlocutory Appeal by Liberty University, Inc.. Motions referred to Judge C. Kailani Memmer. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
53 March 26, 2025

Brief / Memorandum in Support re 52 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Resolution of Interlocutory Appeal . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
54 March 26, 2025

RESPONSE in Opposition re 44 MOTION to Compel Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery and Request for Costs and Fees Under Fed. R. Civ. P.37(a)(5)(B). filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
55 April 2, 2025

Reply re 44 MOTION to Compel Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery Reply in Support of Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery. filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Falabella, Paul)

RECAP
56 April 2, 2025

Brief / Memorandum in Opposition re 52 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Resolution of Interlocutory Appeal . filed by Ellenor Zinski. (Heilman, Eden)

RECAP
57 April 3, 2025

MEMORANDUM OPINION re 41 Motion to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b). Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on April 3, 2025. (ca) Modified on 4/3/2025 - Docket text was modified to relate this entry to the respective motion. (ca)

Clearinghouse
58 April 3, 2025

ORDER granting 41 Motion to Certify Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) and Request for Expedited Consideration filed by Liberty University, Inc. The Court will CERTIFY its prior order, Dkt. 38, for interlocutory appeal to the Fourth Circuit by issuing an amended order and opinion. Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on April 3, 2025. (ca)

Clearinghouse
59 April 3, 2025

AMENDED MEMORANDUM OPINION, re 37 Memorandum Opinion. Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on April 3, 2025. (ca)

Clearinghouse
60 April 3, 2025

AMENDED ORDER, re 38 Order denying 11 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Senior Judge Norman K. Moon on April 3, 2025. (ca)

Clearinghouse
61 April 9, 2025

Reply re 52 MOTION to Stay Discovery Pending Resolution of Interlocutory Appeal . filed by Liberty University, Inc.. (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
62 April 9, 2025

NOTICE by Liberty University, Inc. that Motion to Stay (ECF No. 52) Is Ripe for Adjudication Without Hearing (Schmid, Daniel)

RECAP
63 April 15, 2025

USCA Application for Permission to Appeal Under 28 U.S.C. §1292(b), No. 25-1228, re 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc. (al)

Clearinghouse
64 May 23, 2025

COURT ORDER of USCA granting Motion for permission to appeal as to 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc. (al)

RECAP
65 May 23, 2025

USCA Notice of Appellate Case Opening re 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc. USCA Case Number 25-1581. Case Manager: Kirsten Hancock. (al)

RECAP
66 May 23, 2025

ORDER of USCA transferring case from miscellaneous docket 25-142 as to 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc. (al)

RECAP
67 May 23, 2025

ORDER of USCA consolidating case 25-1581 with 25-1228 as to 40 Notice of Appeal filed by Liberty University, Inc. (al)

RECAP
68 June 13, 2025

ORDER denying without prejudice 44 Motion to Compel Plaintiff's Motion to Compel Discovery; granting 52 Motion to Stay Discovery Pending Resolution of Interlocutory Appeal. Signed by Magistrate Judge C. Kailani Memmer on 6/13/2025. (al)

RECAP
June 18, 2025

Filing Fee Received

June 18, 2025

USCA Appeal Fees Received by Defendant Liberty University, Inc., re USCA Case No. 25-1581 -- $605.00, receipt number 600003080. (ca)

Case Details

State / Territory:

Virginia

Case Type(s):

Equal Employment

Key Dates

Filing Date: July 29, 2024

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

A transgender woman formerly employed by Liberty University

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

ACLU Affiliates (any)

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Private Entity/Person

Liberty University

Defendant Type(s):

College/University

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Title VII (including PDA), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e

Other Dockets:

Western District of Virginia 6:24-cv-00041

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 25-01228

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 25-01581

Available Documents:

Complaint (any)

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Relief Granted:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Discrimination Area:

Discharge / Constructive Discharge / Layoff

Discrimination Basis:

Gender identity

Sex discrimination

Affected Sex/Gender(s):

Transgender

LGBTQ+:

LGBTQ+

Recommended Citation