Case: EEOC v. DANKA OFFICE IMAGING COMPANY

2:00-cv-02424 | U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama

Filed Date: Aug. 31, 2000

Closed Date: Jan. 9, 2002

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

In August 2000, the Birmingham Office of the EEOC brought this lawsuit against Danka Office Imaging Company Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. We do not have a copy of the compliant; therefore, the exact allegations involved are unknown. The charging parties intervened in the suit in October 2000. After some discovery, the EEOC dismissed the case subject to a settlement agreement in January 2002. We do not have a copy of the settlement agreement; therefore, the details of the settlement agreement are unknown.

Summary Authors

David Friedman (10/9/2007)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/11497156/parties/eeoc-v-danka-office-imaging/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Agee, Pamela Karen (Alabama)

Attorney for Defendant

Berman, Ilene W (Alabama)

Coursey, Robert J (Alabama)

English, Joseph M (Alabama)

Harden, Donald B (Alabama)

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Documents in this case

2:00-cv-02424

Docket [PACER]

EEOC v. Danka Office Imaging

Aug. 18, 2003

Aug. 18, 2003

Docket
69

2:00-cv-02424

Agreed Protective Order

EEOC v. Danka

Sept. 14, 2001

Sept. 14, 2001

Order/Opinion
86

2:00-cv-02424

Order of Dismissal

EEOC v. Danka Office Imaging Co.

Jan. 9, 2002

Jan. 9, 2002

Order/Opinion

Resources

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/11497156/eeoc-v-danka-office-imaging/

Last updated Sept. 29, 2026, 7:32 p.m.

Docket for: EEOC v. Danka Office Imaging
ECF Number Date Description Link
1 Aug. 31, 2000

COMPLAINT filed (BST) (Entered: 08/31/2000)

RECAP
2 Oct. 16, 2000

MOTION by Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark, Tracie Hammonds to intervene as party plas filed cs (BST) (Entered: 10/16/2000)

RECAP
3 Oct. 19, 2000

2 - ORDER granting motion to intervene as party plas [2-1]; Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark and Tracie Hammonds added ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 10/19/2000)

RECAP
4 Oct. 19, 2000

INTERVENOR complaint by Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark and Tracie Hammonds filed cs (BST) (Entered: 10/19/2000)

RECAP
5 Nov. 15, 2000

SUMMONS and complaint returned executed: upon defendant Danka Office Imaging on 10/27/00 filed (BST) (Entered: 11/15/2000)

RECAP
6 Nov. 15, 2000

ANSWER to complaint in intervention by defendant Danka Office Imaging w/appear by atty(s) Donald B Harden, Lyman H Harris filed cs (BST) (Entered: 11/15/2000)

RECAP
7 Nov. 15, 2000

ANSWER by defendant Danka Office Imaging w/appear by atty(s) Ilene W Berman, Robert J Coursey III filed cs (BST) (Entered: 11/15/2000)

RECAP
8 Nov. 21, 2000

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging for attorney Donald B. Harden, Ilene W. Berman and Robert J. Coursey to appear pro hac vice filed cs (BST) (Entered: 11/21/2000)

RECAP
Nov. 21, 2000

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 11/21/00 receipt # 200 158168 (BST) (Entered: 11/21/2000)

PACER
Nov. 21, 2000

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 11/21/00 receipt # 200 158168 (BST)

9 Nov. 27, 2000

INITIAL ORDER that the parties are reminded of their rules and obligations under FRCP 26(f) and LR 26.1(d) filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 11/27/2000)

RECAP
10 Nov. 27, 2000

ORDER granting motion for attorney Donald B. Harden, Ilene W. Berman and Robert J. Coursey to appear pro hac vice [8-1] filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 11/27/2000)

RECAP
11 Dec. 12, 2000

NOTICE of compliance (EEOC supplementation) by intervenor-plaintiffs with [9-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/13/2000)

RECAP
12 Dec. 14, 2000

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/15/2000)

RECAP
13 Dec. 21, 2000

Report of Parties (form 35) of compliance with FRCP 26 filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/22/2000)

RECAP
14 Dec. 22, 2000

ORDER scheduling that certain time limits apply as set out in this order; discovery cutoff 8/31/01; dispositive motion deadline 10/1/01; jury trial set 2/18/02 by Judge Edwin L. Nelson entered cm (BST) (Entered: 12/22/2000)

RECAP
15 Dec. 22, 2000

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging for attorney Joseph Michael English to appear pro hac vice filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/27/2000)

RECAP
Dec. 22, 2000

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 12/22/00 receipt # 200 159202 (BST) (Entered: 12/27/2000)

PACER
Dec. 22, 2000

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 12/22/00 receipt # 200 159202 (BST)

16 Jan. 2, 2001

ORDER granting motion for attorney Joseph Michael English to appear pro hac vice as counsel for dft Danka Office Imaging Co Corp d/b/a Danka [15-1] filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (DWC) (Entered: 01/02/2001)

RECAP
17 Jan. 10, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 01/11/2001)

RECAP
18 Feb. 12, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiffs of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 02/15/2001)

RECAP
19 March 14, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff Pamela Williams, intervenor-plaintiff Regina Godfrey, intervenor-plaintiff Mary Clark, intervenor-plaintiff Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 03/15/2001)

RECAP
20 April 11, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff Pamela Williams, intervenor-plaintiff Regina Godfrey, intervenor-plaintiff Mary Clark, intervenor-plaintiff Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 04/12/2001)

RECAP
21 April 26, 2001

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging for attorney Mairen Kelly to appear pro hac vice filed cs (BST) (Entered: 04/26/2001)

RECAP
April 26, 2001

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 4/26/01 receipt # 200 163718 (BST) (Entered: 04/26/2001)

PACER
April 26, 2001

PRO HAC VICE admission fee paid on 4/26/01 receipt # 200 163718 (BST)

22 May 2, 2001

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging to stay case from 5/7/01 until 6/3/01 filed cs (BST) (Entered: 05/02/2001)

RECAP
23 May 3, 2001

22 - ORDER granting motion to stay case from 5/7/01 until 6/3/01 as to Ms. Berman only [22-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 05/03/2001)

RECAP
24 May 3, 2001

21 - ORDER granting motion for attorney Mairen Kelly to appear pro hac vice [21-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 05/03/2001)

RECAP
25 May 15, 2001

Notice of Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark, Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 05/15/2001)

RECAP
26 May 17, 2001

MOTION by plaintiff EEOC to strike portions of dft's career transition agreement filed cs (BST) (Entered: 05/18/2001)

RECAP
27 May 17, 2001

BRIEF by plaintiff EEOC in support of its motion to strike portions of dft's Career transition agreement filed cs (BST) (Entered: 05/21/2001)

RECAP
28 May 22, 2001

MOTION by movant Alabama Psychiatric to quash subpoena filed cs (BST) (Entered: 05/22/2001)

RECAP
29 May 29, 2001

ORDER (Submission) that the motion to quash subpoena [28-1] is submitted 6/20/01, that the motion to strike portions of dft's career transition agreement [26-1] is submitted 6/20/01; Responsive Brfs Due by 6/12/01, Reply Brfs Due by 6/19/01, filed ( Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 05/29/2001)

RECAP
31 June 1, 2001

EXPERT WITNESS list by intervenor-plaintiffs filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/04/2001)

RECAP
30 June 4, 2001

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging to amend its answers to add affirmative defenses filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/04/2001)

RECAP
32 June 5, 2001

30 - ORDER granting motion to amend its answers to add affirmative defenses [30-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 06/05/2001)

RECAP
33 June 5, 2001

FIRST AMENDED ANSWER to the complaint by defendant Danka Office Imaging filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/05/2001)

RECAP
34 June 5, 2001

FIRST AMENDED ANSWER to complaint in intervention by defendant Danka Office Imaging filed (BST) (Entered: 06/05/2001)

RECAP
35 June 7, 2001

MOTION by movant Alabama Psychiatric for order to moot motion to quash filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/08/2001)

RECAP
36 June 12, 2001

OPPOSITION by defendant Danka Office Imaging to pla's motion to strike portions of dft's career transition agreement [26-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/12/2001)

RECAP
37 June 14, 2001

35 - ORDER granting motion for order to moot motion to quash [35-1]; finding the motion to quash subpoena [28-1] moot ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 06/14/2001)

RECAP
38 June 15, 2001

Notice of Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark, Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/18/2001)

RECAP
39 June 18, 2001

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging for order for leave of absence from 7/26/01-8/3/01 filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/18/2001)

RECAP
40 June 19, 2001

39 - ORDER denying motion for order for leave of absence from 7/26/01-8/3/01 [39-1]; no such animal ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 06/19/2001)

RECAP
41 June 19, 2001

RESPONSE by plaintiff EEOC to dft's opposition [36-1], to pla's motion to strike portions of dft's career transition agreement [26-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/19/2001)

RECAP
42 June 21, 2001

MOTION by defendant and intervenor-plaintiffs to extend time until 7/31/01 to file expert reports filed cs (BST) (Entered: 06/21/2001)

RECAP
43 June 22, 2001

ORDER granting motion to extend time until 7/31/01 to file expert reports [42-1] filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (DWC) (Entered: 06/22/2001)

RECAP
44 July 13, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 07/16/2001)

RECAP
45 July 26, 2001

ORDER granting motion to strike portions of dft's career transition agreement [26-1] filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 07/26/2001)

RECAP
46 July 27, 2001

JOINT MOTION by the parties to extend time for the parties to depose each others' expert witnesses until 30 days after the court rules on dispositive motions filed cs (BST) (Entered: 07/27/2001)

RECAP
47 July 30, 2001

ORDER granting motion to extend time for the parties to depose each others' expert witnesses until 30 days after the court rules on dispositive motions [46-1]; this may require a delay in the scheduled trial filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 07/30/2001)

RECAP
48 Aug. 3, 2001

MOTION by movant Daniel J Parkinson to quash subpoena filed cs (BST) (Entered: 08/06/2001)

RECAP
49 Aug. 6, 2001

OPPOSITION by intervenor-plaintiffs to motion to quash subpoena [48-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 08/06/2001)

RECAP
50 Aug. 6, 2001

ORDER terminating motion to quash subpoena [48-1]; the deposition is stayed and the motion is set for hearing Hearing set for 7:45am on 8/10/01 filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 08/06/2001)

RECAP
51 Aug. 10, 2001

48 - ORDER finding the motion to quash subpoena [48-1] moot; parties have agreed deposition will be taken 8/14/01 ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 08/10/2001)

RECAP
Aug. 10, 2001

COURTROOM NOTES: (ELN) Hearing in chambers held 8/10/01 as to motion #48 to quash subpoena ; Ctrptr Lindy Fuller (ADF) (Entered: 08/10/2001)

PACER
Aug. 10, 2001

DOCKET modification (utility event) terminating party Daniel J Parkinson (BST) (Entered: 08/10/2001)

PACER
Aug. 10, 2001

DOCKET modification (utility event) terminating party Alabama Psychiatric (BST) (Entered: 08/10/2001)

PACER
Aug. 10, 2001

COURTROOM NOTES: (ELN) Hearing in chambers held 8/10/01 as to motion #48 to quash subpoena ; Ctrptr Lindy Fuller (ADF)

Aug. 10, 2001

DOCKET modification (utility event) terminating party Daniel J Parkinson (BST)

Aug. 10, 2001

DOCKET modification (utility event) terminating party Alabama Psychiatric (BST)

52 Aug. 15, 2001

Notice of Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark, Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 08/15/2001)

RECAP
53 Aug. 24, 2001

ANSWER by defendant Danka Office Imaging filed cs (MAA) (Entered: 08/24/2001)

RECAP
54 Aug. 24, 2001

ANSWER to complaint in intervention by defendant Danka Office Imaging filed cs (MAA) (Entered: 08/24/2001)

RECAP
55 Aug. 24, 2001

MOTION by intervenor-plaintiff Pamela Williams, intervenor-plaintiff Regina Godfrey, intervenor-plaintiff Mary Clark, intervenor-plaintiff Tracie Hammonds, movant Marianne Rosenzweig to quash subpoena filed cs (MAA) (Entered: 08/24/2001)

RECAP
56 Aug. 30, 2001

OPPOSITION by defendant Danka Office Imaging to motion to quash subpoena [55-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 08/30/2001)

RECAP
57 Aug. 31, 2001

MOTION by intervenor-plaintiffs Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark and Tracie Hammonds to compel dft to provide certain personnel files filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/04/2001)

RECAP
58 Sept. 4, 2001

RESPONSE by intervenor-plaintiffs Pamela Williams, Regina Godfrey, Mary Clark, Tracie Hammonds, and movant Marianne Rosenzweig to dft's opposition to motion to quash [56-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/04/2001)

RECAP
59 Sept. 4, 2001

MOTION by defendant Danka Office Imaging to exceed page limitation by 10 pages on brief in support of motion for sumjgm filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/04/2001)

RECAP
60 Sept. 5, 2001

MOTION by intervenor-plaintiff Pamela Williams, intervenor-plaintiff Regina Godfrey, intervenor-plaintiff Mary Clark, intervenor-plaintiff Tracie Hammonds to withdraw document [57-1] filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/05/2001)

RECAP
61 Sept. 7, 2001

MOTION by plaintiff EEOC, defendant Danka Office Imaging to stay proceedings for 30 days for mediation and a status conference filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
62 Sept. 7, 2001

60 - ORDER granting motion to withdraw document [57-1] [60-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
63 Sept. 7, 2001

57 - ORDER withdrawing motion to compel dft to provide certain personnel files [57-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
64 Sept. 7, 2001

59 - ORDER finding the motion to exceed page limitation by 10 pages on brief in support of motion for sumjgm [59-1] moot ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
65 Sept. 7, 2001

ADDENDUM TO EXHIBIT D OF THE COURT'S INITIAL ORDER GOVERNING PROCEEDINGS IN THIS ACTION filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
66 Sept. 7, 2001

ORDER Status hearing to be held at 8:00am 9/27/01 filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
67 Sept. 7, 2001

ORDER granting motion to stay proceedings for 30 days for mediation and a status conference [61-1]; dispositive motion deadline 24 days following expiration of stay filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
68 Sept. 7, 2001

ORDER that the parties confer w/i 11 days to attempt to resolve the motion to quash; statement of inability to be filed by 9/21/01, failing which the court will hear the motion 9/27/01 8:00am and will impose sanctions against losing pty filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/07/2001)

RECAP
69 Sept. 14, 2001

ORDER protective order that certain into is to remain confidential as set out in this order filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/14/2001)

RECAP
70 Sept. 14, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 09/17/2001)

RECAP
71 Sept. 26, 2001

ORDER finding the motion to quash subpoena [55-1] moot filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (BST) (Entered: 09/26/2001)

RECAP
72 Sept. 27, 2001

AMENDED ORDER scheduling that certain time limits apply as set out in this order; discovery cutoff 10/29/01; joint status report due 10/29/01; dispositive motion deadline 2/1/02; jury trial set 5/27/02 by Judge Edwin L. Nelson entered cm (BST) (Entered: 09/27/2001)

RECAP
73 Oct. 4, 2001

JOINT MOTION by plaintiff, defendant, intervenor-plaintiff to extend time until 11/28/01 to file joint status report filed cs (BST) (Entered: 10/05/2001)

RECAP
74 Oct. 5, 2001

73 - ORDER granting motion to extend time until 11/28/01 to file joint status report [73-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 10/09/2001)

RECAP
75 Oct. 15, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff Pamela Williams, intervenor-plaintiff Regina Godfrey, intervenor-plaintiff Mary Clark, intervenor-plaintiff Tracie Hammonds of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 10/16/2001)

RECAP
76 Oct. 17, 2001

MOTION by intervenor-plaintiff to withdraw attorney Laura Hitt filed cs (BST) (Entered: 10/19/2001)

RECAP
77 Oct. 22, 2001

76 - ORDER granting motion to withdraw attorney Laura Hitt [76-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 10/22/2001)

RECAP
Oct. 22, 2001

UTILITY event: terminates attorney Laura M Hitt for Marianne Rosenzweig, attorney Laura M Hitt for Tracie Hammonds, attorney Laura M Hitt for Mary Clark, attorney Laura M Hitt for Regina Godfrey, attorney Laura M Hitt for Pamela Williams (BST) (Entered: 10/22/2001)

PACER
Oct. 22, 2001

UTILITY event: terminates attorney Laura M Hitt for Marianne Rosenzweig, attorney Laura M Hitt for Tracie Hammonds, attorney Laura M Hitt for Mary Clark, attorney Laura M Hitt for Regina Godfrey, attorney Laura M Hitt for Pamela Williams (BST)

78 Nov. 13, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 11/13/2001)

RECAP
79 Nov. 26, 2001

MOTION by plaintiff EEOC to extend time until 12/28/01 to file joint status report filed (BST) (Entered: 11/27/2001)

RECAP
80 Nov. 26, 2001

79 - ORDER granting motion to extend time until 12/28/01 to file joint status report [79-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 11/27/2001)

RECAP
81 Dec. 14, 2001

Notice of intervenor-plaintiff of filing of attorney time records in response to order # [9-1] w/sealed envelope of time records attached filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/17/2001)

RECAP
82 Dec. 20, 2001

MOTION by plaintiff EEOC to extend time until 11/17/01 to file joint status report filed cs (BST) (Entered: 12/21/2001)

RECAP
83 Dec. 21, 2001

82 - ORDER granting motion to extend time until 1/17/01 to file joint status report [82-1] ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) entered cm (BST) (Entered: 12/21/2001)

RECAP
84 Jan. 7, 2002

STIPULATION of dismissal w/prej of pla-intervenors by the parties filed cs (BST) (Entered: 01/07/2002)

RECAP
85 Jan. 7, 2002

MOTION by plaintiff EEOC to dismiss case w/prej filed cs (BST) (Entered: 01/07/2002)

RECAP
86 Jan. 9, 2002

ORDER -The court hereby orders this cause dismissed with prejudice asset out; court will retain jurisdiction for two years from entry of this order to dismiss case filed ( by Judge Edwin L. Nelson ) cm (MAA) (Entered: 01/09/2002)

RECAP

Case Details

State / Territory:

Alabama

Case Type(s):

Equal Employment

Special Collection(s):

EEOC Study — in sample

Key Dates

Filing Date: Aug. 31, 2000

Closing Date: Jan. 9, 2002

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, on behalf of one or more workers.

Plaintiff Type(s):

EEOC Plaintiff

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

EEOC

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Unknown

Class Action Outcome: Unknown

Defendants

Private Entity/Person

Danka Office Imaging Company Corporation

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Title VII (including PDA), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e

Other Dockets:

Northern District of Alabama 2:00-cv-02424

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff OR Mixed

Relief Granted:

Unknown

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Voluntary Dismissal

Issues

Discrimination Area:

Disparate Treatment

Discrimination Basis:

Sex discrimination

Affected Sex/Gender(s):

Female

EEOC-centric:

Direct Suit on Merits

Private Party intervened in EEOC suit

Recommended Citation