Case: Christian Employers Alliance v. United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

1:25-cv-00007 | U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota

Filed Date: Jan. 15, 2025

Case Ongoing

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Case Summary

This case is about two actions by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regarding gender identity and accommodations for abortion in the workplace. First, the EEOC published requirements and guidance on gender identity discrimination in the workplace. Specifically, the EEOC stated that discrimination based on gender identity constituted sex discrimination in violation of Title VII, and indicated that actions by an employer like misgendering, deadnaming, and unequal ba…

This case is about two actions by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regarding gender identity and accommodations for abortion in the workplace. First, the EEOC published requirements and guidance on gender identity discrimination in the workplace. Specifically, the EEOC stated that discrimination based on gender identity constituted sex discrimination in violation of Title VII, and indicated that actions by an employer like misgendering, deadnaming, and unequal bathroom access all amounted to sex-based discrimination. The EEOC also brought enforcement actions against employers who did not comply, including EEOC v. Harmony Hospitality, EEOC v. Starboard Group, EEOC v. Lush Handmade Cosmetics, EEOC v. Boxwood Hotels, EEOC v. Sis-Bro Inc., and EEOC v. Reggio's Pizza. Second, the EEOC promulgated a rule which required employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with a physical or mental condition related to abortion. 

On January 15, 2025, the Christian Employers Alliance (CEA) brought this lawsuit against the EEOC in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota. Represented by Alliance Defending Freedom, CEA sought declaratory and injunctive relief, along with attorney’s fees. They claimed that the EEOC’s actions regarding gender identity and its rule regarding accommodations for abortion violated the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)-(D)), the separation of powers, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1), and both the Free Exercise Clause and Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. The case was assigned to Judge Daniel L. Hovland.

After President Trump was inaugurated to his second term, on Jan. 20, 2025, he issued several Executive Orders that declared the Administration's view that gender identity (EO 14201, Keeping Men out of Women's Sports; EO 14187, Protecting Children from Chemical and Surgical Mutilation, and EO 14168, Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government).  The EEOC issued a press release on "Removing Gender Ideology and Restoring the EEOC’s Role of Protecting Women in the Workplace" and moved to dismiss its cases, referenced above, that charged transgender discrimination as a type of sex discrimination. 

The EEOC's response in this case is due at the end of March 2025.   

 

Summary Authors

Connor Mulvena (2/18/2025)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69556292/parties/christian-employers-alliance-v-united-states-equal-employment-opportunity/


Judge(s)

Hovland, Daniel L. (North Dakota)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Blake, Julie Marie (North Dakota)

Bowman, Matthew S. (North Dakota)

Attorney for Defendant

Siler, Jacob S. (North Dakota)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document
1

1:25-cv-00007

Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief

Jan. 15, 2025

Jan. 15, 2025

Complaint

Resources

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69556292/christian-employers-alliance-v-united-states-equal-employment-opportunity/

Last updated April 21, 2025, 4:16 p.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

COMPLAINT against Charlotte A. Burrows, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Filing fee $405, receipt number 100002903) filed by Christian Employers Alliance. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)(jb) (Entered: 01/15/2025)

1 Civil Cover Sheet

View on PACER

Jan. 15, 2025

Jan. 15, 2025

Clearinghouse
2

Summons Issued as to Charlotte A. Burrows, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, U.S. Attorney and U.S. Attorney General (jb) (Entered: 01/15/2025)

Jan. 15, 2025

Jan. 15, 2025

PACER
3

Corporate Disclosure Statement by Christian Employers Alliance. (Bowman, Matthew) (Entered: 01/15/2025)

Jan. 15, 2025

Jan. 15, 2025

PACER
4

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Christian Employers Alliance. United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission served on 1/22/2025, answer due 3/24/2025. (Blake, Julie) (Entered: 02/10/2025)

Feb. 10, 2025

Feb. 10, 2025

PACER
5

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Christian Employers Alliance. Charlotte A. Burrows served on 1/22/2025, answer due 3/24/2025. (Blake, Julie) (Entered: 02/10/2025)

Feb. 10, 2025

Feb. 10, 2025

PACER
6

SUMMONS Returned Executed by Christian Employers Alliance. Charlotte A. Burrows served on 1/27/2025, answer due 3/28/2025; United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission served on 1/27/2025, answer due 3/28/2025. (Blake, Julie) (Main Document 6 replaced on 2/11/2025 to remove overlapping headers) (cjs). Regenerated on 2/11/2025 (cjs). (Entered: 02/10/2025)

Feb. 10, 2025

Feb. 10, 2025

PACER
7

NOTICE of Appearance by Jacob S. Siler on behalf of All Defendants (Siler, Jacob) (Entered: 03/20/2025)

March 20, 2025

March 20, 2025

PACER
8

*RESTRICTED - SHOULD HAVE BEEN FILED AS SEPARATE EVENTS* MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint by Charlotte A. Burrows, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (Siler, Jacob) Modified to restrict access on 3/21/2025 (sl). (Entered: 03/20/2025)

March 20, 2025

March 20, 2025

PACER
9

MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint by Charlotte A. Burrows and United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (sl) (Entered: 03/21/2025)

March 20, 2025

March 20, 2025

PACER
10

MEMORANDUM in Support re 9 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 1 Complaint filed by Charlotte A. Burrows and United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (sl) (Entered: 03/21/2025)

March 20, 2025

March 20, 2025

PACER

DOCKET CORRECTION re: 8 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer. Should have been filed using separate event codes. Clerk's Office restricted access to document and re-filed as MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer at 9 and MEMORANDUM in Support at 10 . (sl)

March 21, 2025

March 21, 2025

PACER
11

(Text Only) ORDER by Magistrate Judge Clare R. Hochhalter granting 9 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer. Defendants shall have until 5/27/2025 file an answer or otherwise respond to Plaintiff's Complaint. (BG) (Entered: 03/23/2025)

March 23, 2025

March 23, 2025

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: North Dakota

Case Type(s):

Speech and Religious Freedom

Equal Employment

Special Collection(s):

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations Involving the Government

Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations Involving the Government (Transgender Rights)

Key Dates

Filing Date: Jan. 15, 2025

Case Ongoing: Yes

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

The Christian Employers Alliance is an organization which represents Christian-owned businesses.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Non-profit religious organization

Attorney Organizations:

Alliance Defending Freedom

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (- United States (national) -), Federal

Defendant Type(s):

Jurisdiction-wide

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Ex Parte Young (Federal) or Bivens

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Constitutional Clause(s):

Free Exercise Clause

Freedom of speech/association

Separation of Powers

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Outcome

Prevailing Party: None Yet / None

Nature of Relief:

None yet

Source of Relief:

None yet

Issues

Discrimination Area:

Accommodation / Leave

Disparate Treatment

Harassment / Hostile Work Environment

Discrimination Basis:

Gender identity

Sex discrimination

Affected Religion(s):

Christianity

Affected Sex/Gender(s):

Female

Intersex

Male

Transgender

LGBTQ+:

LGBTQ+

Reproductive rights:

Abortion